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Article

2008–2017 Bogota River Water Quality Assessment Based on the Water Quality Index

by
Daissy Milena Díaz-Casallas
1,
Mario Fernando Castro-Fernández
2,
Elvira Bocos
3,
Carlos Enrique Montenegro-Marin
1 and
Rubén González Crespo
3,*
1
Engineering Faculty, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas and Colombia, Bogota 110111, Columbia
2
Engineering Faculty, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bogota 110111, Columbia
3
School of Engineering, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2019, 11(6), 1668; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061668
Submission received: 23 January 2019 / Revised: 8 March 2019 / Accepted: 8 March 2019 / Published: 19 March 2019

Abstract

This article provides a deep analysis of the water quality at the upper basin of the Bogota River (Colombia) between 2008 and 2017. The Water Quality Index has been the indicator employed to determine the ecological status of the river. This index was chosen in order to normalize the analysis, given that it is commonly used by the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies, a government agency of the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of Colombia, to determine the state of surface effluents. The results obtained were organized in a double-entry matrix in order to relate the variables of the sample period and the sampling station. The research revealed an insufficient quality of water, demonstrating that the high stretch of the Bogota River basin has, in general, regular or acceptable water quality, while only five stations showed an acceptable status. Surprisingly, the stations located close to the wastewater treatment plants of the municipalities of Choconta, Suesca, Gachancipa, and Tocancipa, as well as Rio Negro, have a poor water quality, discharging a high load of contaminants into the river. Although great efforts have been made by Colombian authorities to restore the critical state of the majority of their aquatic ecosystems, recent implementation of policies and instruments have not shown significant achievements yet. For this reason, this study aims to present a powerful decision-tool for the monitoring and evaluation of correction measures implemented on this river basin. The data used in this research were provided by the Regional Autonomous Corporation of Cundinamarca.
Keywords: hydric resources; water management; water quality; Bogota River; decision tool hydric resources; water management; water quality; Bogota River; decision tool

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MDPI and ACS Style

Díaz-Casallas, D.M.; Castro-Fernández, M.F.; Bocos, E.; Montenegro-Marin, C.E.; González Crespo, R. 2008–2017 Bogota River Water Quality Assessment Based on the Water Quality Index. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1668. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061668

AMA Style

Díaz-Casallas DM, Castro-Fernández MF, Bocos E, Montenegro-Marin CE, González Crespo R. 2008–2017 Bogota River Water Quality Assessment Based on the Water Quality Index. Sustainability. 2019; 11(6):1668. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061668

Chicago/Turabian Style

Díaz-Casallas, Daissy Milena, Mario Fernando Castro-Fernández, Elvira Bocos, Carlos Enrique Montenegro-Marin, and Rubén González Crespo. 2019. "2008–2017 Bogota River Water Quality Assessment Based on the Water Quality Index" Sustainability 11, no. 6: 1668. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061668

APA Style

Díaz-Casallas, D. M., Castro-Fernández, M. F., Bocos, E., Montenegro-Marin, C. E., & González Crespo, R. (2019). 2008–2017 Bogota River Water Quality Assessment Based on the Water Quality Index. Sustainability, 11(6), 1668. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061668

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