Learning from Italian Typology- and Morphology-Led Planning Techniques: A Planning Framework for Yingping, Xiamen
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Italian Typology- and Morphology-Led Planning Techniques: Development and Implication
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Area
4.1.1. Geographic and Demographic Features
4.1.2. Morphological and Typological Features
4.1.3. Planning Trajectory
4.1.4. Research Question
4.2. Research Method
5. Results
5.1. Yingping’s Five Intervention Groups
5.2. Yingping’s Six Characterized Areas
5.2.1. Area A: Complex and Dense Settlement
5.2.2. Area B: In-Between Plain
5.2.3. Area C: Street Food Thematic Park
5.2.4. Area D: The Renovated Cultural and Street Food Square
5.2.5. Area E: Irregular Foothill Settlement
5.2.6. Area F: Living and Chaotic Market
6. Discussion and Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Intervention Group | Intervention Strategy |
---|---|
A. Building restoration and conservation: important historic buildings | This group involves all important historic buildings further classified into three sub-groups: A1, officially defined Cultural Relics Protection Units; A2, historic buildings with high value; and A3, historic buildings with average value, with different grades and standards of intervention actions and strategies. The physical intervention actions include restoring and repairing buildings, demolishing additions, and daily maintenance. Strategies in the social dimension include the control and management of buildings’ functions, as well as the amount, density, and structure of dwellers. |
B. Architectural and environmental restoration and conservation: (historic) arcade buildings and landscape | In the macro dimension: Strategies suggest creating a detailed “zoning” plan that identifies different levels of conservation areas of arcade buildings and landscape, followed with different grades and standards of intervention and management strategies. Demographic and sociological factors should be considered, particularly for the recovery of historic intermixing of commerce and residences. In the micro dimension: Some incoherent buildings and additions should be demolished and may be displaced by public spaces with landscape facilities related to the local arcade landscape. If necessary (through retracing the historic evolution), incoherent buildings and additions may be displaced by careful re-interpretation of arcade elements to extend and re-connect the local urban landscape (Figure 12). The potential risk of producing in-style false buildings requires specific attention. A strict and detailed guideline should be introduced to control and manage the variation in morphological elements, e.g., colors, materials, details, etc. A Schio-type handbook may be useful. Sensitive re-arrangement and reuse of interior spaces are allowed to improve the use and living quality (e.g., demolishing internal walls for expanding the interior space). The plan of Assisi is a reference. Sensitive replacement of the disharmonious backsides of arcade buildings by public spaces is also allowed. |
C. Building re-composition: historic buildings with low quality and/or low value | Strategies include demolishing disharmonious or crumbling parts of low-quality or low-value historic buildings. Careful consideration of expanding service spaces and adding facilities is required to re-arrange interior spaces for meeting present living needs (see the case of Assisi). Control and management in the social dimension are needed. |
D. Building replacement and rebuilding: modern buildings with poor quality | Poor-quality modern buildings may be replaced by public open spaces and/or streets. Appropriate rebuilding is allowed, but should follow a precise guideline for controlling the scale, colors, materials, and styles of new buildings. |
E. Temporary remaining: modern buildings with average or good quality | Modern buildings with average or good quality may be retained to await further discussion for future possible plans. |
Area | Geographic, Morphological, and Environmental Features | Spatial Practices, Living Behaviors, and Environment | Issues | Specific Strategies and Measures |
---|---|---|---|---|
A. Complex and dense settlement | - Geography: hilly area with upper area on the northeastern side. - Morphology: complex and dense urban fabric with many narrow and winding streets and lanes (many are dead-end roads and T-junction streets). - Environment: highly crowded with variable urban landscape. | - Many private additions for expanding service units (e.g., kitchens, bathrooms, entrances for subleasing, etc.) on terraces, roofs, and streets and alleys. - Highly crowded living environment. - Lack of public spaces for churches and temples, and for daily life. | - Addressing many haphazard additions and abandoned historic buildings. - Meeting the need for more service spaces. - Improving the accessibility and connectivity of streets and alleys. - Creating more and higher-quality public spaces. | - Removing inappropriate additions and poor and disharmonious buildings to create more open spaces and reconnect streets and lanes. - Supporting the appropriate re-arrangement and reuse of interior spaces, particularly for expanding service units (see the case of Assisi). - In-depth study of the historic evolution of streets and lanes to provide a reference for the formulation of a new mobility plan. - Conserving and reusing leftover historic buildings. |
B. In-Between plain | - Geography: flatland, linking Yingping to the surrounding areas. - Morphology: vertical-oriented urban fabric facing the water with fewer dead-end roads and T-junction streets. - Environment: shaping the longest interfaces facing two boulevards and the sea, but with fragmented, interrupted, and incoherent urban landscape along the boundaries. | - Poor-quality public spaces located around boundaries with disordered and poorly managed spatial practices. - Higher-quality community life with diversified and meaningful religious activities. - Fewer additions occupying streets, alleys, and public spaces. - Many rough and poor-quality low-rise houses, particularly along the boundaries. | - Addressing the broken link and heterogeneous and incoherent urbanscape and improving the quality of public spaces around boundaries. - Improving the quality of the many low-rise houses. | Establishing diversified and meaningful buffer zones in the boundaries through (1) replacing blind walls, poor-quality and low-value buildings, narrow and dark passages, and temporary structures with useful landscape facilities with local featured elements; (2) better managing and organizing roadside sales of seafood and poultry; (3) developing some weekend and/or holiday markets and activities with local features, e.g., antiques and crafts fairs. |
C. Street food thematic park | - Geography: flatland close to many public service facilities and local iconic commercial and touristic areas. - Morphology: a regular and clear structure of streets and lanes. - Environment: crowded and noisy. | - A lively street food thematic park for tourists, created by a large group of immigrants. - Crowded streets with a coexistence of pedestrians, vehicles, movable street food services (specifically in the evening), and advertisement boards. - Many haphazard and incoherent renovations on facades to present chic Western or Chinese styles. - Many inappropriate additions on balconies and roofs for expanding temporary service units. | - Improving the present dynamic and inauthentic commercial types not only for tourists. - Managing the large-scale roadside business. - Addressing the crowded streets and the lack of parking areas. - Managing and guiding inappropriate private additions and renovations. - Controlling and managing the amount and behavior of the temporary population. | - Introducing more commercial activities related to local history and traditional culture and living, and particularly some static commercial activities. - Managing and controlling the proportion and location of tourism commerce and the number of temporary immigrants. - Managing the use of public spaces and streets, particularly the roadside business. - Improving traffic by creating a pedestrian zone and providing some underground parking (involving a new mobility plan for the quarter and its surrounding environment). - Formulating a comprehensive guideline and a Schio-type detailed handbook on guiding private additions and renovations. |
D. Renovated cultural and street food square | - Geography: flatland. - Morphology: a few T-junction roads in the north. - Environment: a high-quality open public space. | - High-quality public spaces and community life. - Renovated buildings with nice appearances and pleasant interior spaces. | Critically reconsidering a series of renovation projects. | Formulating a Schio-type handbook for managing and guiding the variation of morphological elements. |
E. Irregular foothill settlement | - Geography: foothill with complex topographic features. - Morphology: irregular and spontaneous urban fabric. - Environment: varying altitude differences and the changing widths of interconnected streets and lanes, producing specific urban landscape and diversified spatial experience. | - A more closed and quieter neighborhood. - Inconvenience for daily life, especially regarding the needs of firefighting and ambulances and the increasing aging population. - Growing number of sex workers and “massage shops” for providing illicit sex services. | - Improving accessibility within the complex foothill. - Managing and replacing the sex industry. | - Formulating definitive criteria for accessibility, particularly regarding the needs and distribution of the elderly. - Replacing “massage shops” with other services related to daily life, recreation, and leisure activities (e.g., grocery shops, street food bars, teahouses, etc.), together with strict and effective legal supervision and management. |
F. Living and chaotic market | - Geography: flatland. - Morphology: more clear and regular urban fabric. - Environment: highly crowded, noisy with poor sanitary conditions. | - Lively formal and informal market activities. - Highly crowded streets occupied by market activities. - Many haphazard additions and inappropriate uses of buildings, particularly for arcade buildings. | - Managing the formal and informal market activities. - Managing and controlling the use behaviors of public spaces and arcade buildings. | - Creating a comprehensive “zoning” plan of market activities (involving the types, forms, location, scales, duration, etc.) across the whole quarter of Yingping. - Managing and supervising the use of public spaces (particularly about roadside business) and arcade buildings. - Providing technical and financial support for mobilizing the rearrangement of stores’ exterior and interior spaces. |
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Xie, S. Learning from Italian Typology- and Morphology-Led Planning Techniques: A Planning Framework for Yingping, Xiamen. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11071842
Xie S. Learning from Italian Typology- and Morphology-Led Planning Techniques: A Planning Framework for Yingping, Xiamen. Sustainability. 2019; 11(7):1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11071842
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Shuyi. 2019. "Learning from Italian Typology- and Morphology-Led Planning Techniques: A Planning Framework for Yingping, Xiamen" Sustainability 11, no. 7: 1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11071842