Perceived Sustainable Urbanization Based on Geographically Hierarchical Data Structures in Nanjing, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Evaluation on Sustainable Urbanization
3. Methodology
3.1. Method
3.2. Data and Variables
4. Estimation Results
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable Names | Percentage (%) | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|---|
Perceived sustainable urbanization | 3.017 | 0.493 | |
Perceived traffic air pollution | 3.621 | 0.591 | |
Perceived noise pollution | 2.463 | 0.405 | |
Perceived landfill pollution | 2.892 | 0.437 | |
Self-rated health | 2.281 | 0.392 | |
Age_20–29 | 57.43 | ||
Age_30–39 | 20.12 | ||
Age_40–49 | 13.51 | ||
Age_50–59 | 4.25 | ||
Age_60+ | 4.69 | ||
Female | 32.59 | ||
Monthly income_below 3999 (RMB) | 29.81 | ||
Monthly income_4000–5999 (RMB) | 42.97 | ||
Monthly income_6000–9999 (RMB) | 18.52 | ||
Monthly income_10,000–14,999 (RMB) | 5.23 | ||
Monthly income_15,000+ (RMB) | 3.47 | ||
Low education | 10.77 | ||
Secondary education | 25.96 | ||
Tertiary education | 63.27 | ||
Log of distance to the nearest subway station | 7.32 | 11.473 | |
Log of distance to the nearest green park | 7.86 | 12.065 | |
Log of distance to the nearest hospital | 6.58 | 9.371 | |
Population density (1000 persons/km2) | 27.19 | ||
Urban infrastructure and facilities | 0.41 | ||
Crime percentage | 3.64 | ||
Median educational level | 32.51 |
DIC | PD | Log-Likelihood | |
---|---|---|---|
Single-level regression | 10,371.29 | 45.09 | −5932.91 |
MLM | 10,293.27 | 127.81 | −5548.36 |
Spatial MLM | 10,098.76 | 169.47 | −5498.79 |
Posterior Median | 2.50% | 97.50% | |
---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 4.138 * | 3.992 | 4.527 |
Perceived traffic air pollution | −0.801 * | 0.698 | 0.884 |
Perceived noise pollution | −0.743 * | 0.798 | 0.876 |
Perceived landfill pollution | −0.873 * | 0.801 | 0.912 |
Self-rated health | 0.799 | 0.765 | 0.874 |
Age_20–29 | −0.217 | 0.176 | 0.323 |
Age_30–39 | −0.231 | 0.137 | 0.398 |
Age_40–49 | 0.203 | 0.156 | 0.412 |
Age_50–59 | 0.166 * | 0.099 | 0.197 |
Age_60+ | 0.751 * | 0.671 | 0.865 |
Female | 0.034 | 0.078 | 0.107 |
Monthly income_below 3999 | −0.058 | 0.047 | 0.109 |
Monthly income_4000–5999 | −0.085 | 0.057 | 0.121 |
Monthly income_6000–9999 | 0.107 | 0.096 | 0.164 |
Monthly income_10,000–14,999 | 0.134 * | 0.097 | 0.176 |
Monthly income_15,000+ | 0.189* | 0.165 | 0.274 |
Low education | 0.047 | 0.035 | 0.087 |
Secondary education | −0.008 * | 0.003 | 0.081 |
Tertiary education | 0.046 * | 0.032 | 0.125 |
Log of distance to the nearest subway station | 0.031 * | 0.015 | 0.066 |
Log of distance to the nearest green park | 0.027* | 0.021 | 0.064 |
Log of distance to the nearest hospital | −0.012 | 0.09 | 0.039 |
Population density | 0.005 | 0 | 0.012 |
Urban infrastructure and facilities | −0.947 | 0.801 | 1.202 |
Crime percentage | 0.017 | 0.011 | 0.054 |
Median educational level | 0.035 | 0.013 | 0.069 |
Urban infrastructure and facilities * Perceived traffic air pollution | 0.226 * | 0.098 | 0.312 |
Median educational level * Perceived traffic air pollution | 0.215 * | 0.071 | 0.403 |
Urban infrastructure and facilities*self-rated health | 0.135 * | 0.096 | 0.339 |
Median educational level*self-rated health | 0.107 * | 0.091 | 0.209 |
Individual level variance | |||
0.265 | 0.232 | 0.306 | |
District level variance | |||
Variance (intercept) | 0.067 | 0.042 | 0.103 |
0.712 | 0.321 | 0.879 |
Priors | M/SD | Perceived Traffic Air Pollution | Perceived Noise Pollution | Perceived Landfill Pollution | Self-Rated Health | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
logitbeata (1,1) | 0.592 | 0.076 | 0.057 | 0.103 | 0.141 | |
0.188 | 0.043 | 0.039 | 0.026 | 0.033 | ||
logitbeata (2,2) a | 0.574 | 0.076 | 0.057 | 0.103 | 0.141 | |
0.169 | 0.043 | 0.038 | 0.026 | 0.033 | ||
logitbeata (4,2) | 0.603 | 0.076 | 0.057 | 0.103 | 0.141 | |
0.197 | 0.043 | 0.039 | 0.026 | 0.033 | ||
logitbeata (0.5,0.5) | 0.606 | 0.076 | 0.057 | 0.103 | 0.141 | |
0.199 | 0.043 | 0.039 | 0.026 | 0.033 | ||
District-level variance (intercept) | Loggamma (1,0.1) | 0.074 | 0.076 | 0.057 | 0.103 | 0.141 |
0.019 | 0.043 | 0.039 | 0.026 | 0.033 | ||
Loggamma (1,0.01) | 0.063 | 0.076 | 0.057 | 0.104 | 0.141 | |
0.012 | 0.043 | 0.038 | 0.026 | 0.033 | ||
Loggamma (1,0.001) | 0.067 | 0.076 | 0.057 | 0.103 | 0.143 | |
0.015 | 0.043 | 0.039 | 0.026 | 0.033 | ||
Loggamma (1,5 × 10 −5) a | 0.064 | 0.076 | 0.057 | 0.103 | 0.141 | |
0.013 | 0.043 | 0.039 | 0.026 | 0.033 | ||
District-level variance (Perceived noise pollution) | Loggamma (1,0.1) | 0.039 | 0.076 | 0.057 | 0.103 | 0.141 |
0.008 | 0.043 | 0.039 | 0.026 | 0.033 | ||
Loggamma (1,0.01) | 0.037 | 0.076 | 0.057 | 0.103 | 0.141 | |
0.006 | 0.043 | 0.038 | 0.026 | 0.033 | ||
Loggamma (1,0.001) | 0.021 | 0.076 | 0.057 | 0.104 | 0.143 | |
0.004 | 0.043 | 0.039 | 0.026 | 0.033 | ||
Loggamma (1,5 × 10 −5) a | 0.018 | 0.076 | 0.057 | 0.103 | 0.141 | |
0.003 | 0.043 | 0.039 | 0.026 | 0.033 |
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Zhai, K.; Gao, X.; Zhang, Y.; Wu, M. Perceived Sustainable Urbanization Based on Geographically Hierarchical Data Structures in Nanjing, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2289. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082289
Zhai K, Gao X, Zhang Y, Wu M. Perceived Sustainable Urbanization Based on Geographically Hierarchical Data Structures in Nanjing, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11(8):2289. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082289
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhai, Keyu, Xing Gao, Yuerong Zhang, and Meiling Wu. 2019. "Perceived Sustainable Urbanization Based on Geographically Hierarchical Data Structures in Nanjing, China" Sustainability 11, no. 8: 2289. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082289