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Article

Toxic Income as a Trigger of Climate Change

1
Departamento de Desarrollo, Ambiente y Territorio, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO), La Pradera E7-174 y Diego de Almagro, Quito 170518, Ecuador
2
Universidad Nacional de Educación (UNAE), Parroquia Javier Loyola Azogues, Cañar 030154, Ecuador
3
Departamento de Economía Cuantitativa, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Quito 170517, Ecuador
4
Grupo de Población y Ambiente, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Vía Muyuna-Atacapi, Km. 7, Tena 150102, Ecuador
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2019, 11(8), 2448; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082448
Submission received: 1 March 2019 / Revised: 12 April 2019 / Accepted: 14 April 2019 / Published: 25 April 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Global Economic Cost of the Paris Climate Agreement)

Abstract

The rate of CO2 emissions concentration in the atmosphere increases the likelihood of significant impacts on humankind and ecosystems. The assumption that permissible levels of greenhouse gas emissions cannot exceed the global average temperature increase of 2 °C in relation to pre-industrial levels remains uncertain. Despite this uncertainty, the direct implication is that enormous quantities of fossil fuels have, thus far, wrongly been counted as assets by hydrocarbon firms as they cannot be exploited if we want to keep climate under certain control. These are the so-called “toxic assets”. Due to the relationship among CO2 emissions, GDP, energy consumption, and energy efficiency, the concept of toxic assets can be transferred to toxic income, which is the income level that would generate levels of CO2 emissions incompatible with keeping climate change under control. This research, using a simulation model based on country-based econometric models, estimated a threshold for income per capita above which the temperature limit of 2 °C would be surpassed. Under the business as usual scenario, average per capita income would be $14,208 (in constant 2010 USD) in 2033; and under the intervention scenario, which reflects the commitments of the COP21 meeting held in Paris in December 2015, the toxic revenue would be $13,433 (in constant 2010 USD) in 2036.
Keywords: climate change; CO2 emissions; toxic income; contraction and convergence; Paris agreement; intended nationally determined contributions (INDC) climate change; CO2 emissions; toxic income; contraction and convergence; Paris agreement; intended nationally determined contributions (INDC)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Falconí, F.; Burbano, R.; Ramos-Martin, J.; Cango, P. Toxic Income as a Trigger of Climate Change. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2448. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082448

AMA Style

Falconí F, Burbano R, Ramos-Martin J, Cango P. Toxic Income as a Trigger of Climate Change. Sustainability. 2019; 11(8):2448. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082448

Chicago/Turabian Style

Falconí, Fander, Rafael Burbano, Jesus Ramos-Martin, and Pedro Cango. 2019. "Toxic Income as a Trigger of Climate Change" Sustainability 11, no. 8: 2448. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082448

APA Style

Falconí, F., Burbano, R., Ramos-Martin, J., & Cango, P. (2019). Toxic Income as a Trigger of Climate Change. Sustainability, 11(8), 2448. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082448

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