Towards Identifying the Soft Skills Needed in Curricula: Finnish and Italian Students’ Self-Evaluations Indicate Differences between Groups
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soft Skill | Description |
---|---|
Assertiveness | ‘Social ability that allows us to express our opinions, ideas, needs and feelings in a conscious, honest and sincere way without harming others’ [33]. It includes the ability to convince others, persevering in supporting one’s position. |
Action Orientation | ‘A bipolar dimension: the orientation to action favors the transformation of intention into action. On the contrary, the orientation towards the state is characterized by having thoughts related to the attainment of a goal in the mind.’ [34] |
Team orientation | ‘To actively create a pleasant human environment for work, show empathy, accountability, humility, friendliness, unselfishness.’ [35]. |
Sensitivity | ‘Ability to understand people’s thoughts, conduct, feelings and concerns. To perceive if the behavior is the appropriate dependent of the social situation.’ [36]. |
Work under pressure | ‘The image of themselves on the ability to perform their functions in adverse circumstances, maintaining a constant level of efficiency.’ [37]. |
Social Desirability | This variable refers to one’s impression about the effect of social interactions and has a direct relation with important dimensions like the motivation and the ethical point of view. Grimm, [38] Social desirability bias. |
Sex | N | Mean | Sd | p | t | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Action Orientation | Female | 131 | 4.58 | 1.15 | 0.201 | 1.319 |
Male | 29 | 4.27 | 0.95 | |||
Sensitivity | Female | 131 | 5.07 | 2.05 | 0.001 | 3.333 |
Male | 29 | 3.75 | 1.18 | |||
Team Orientation | Female | 131 | 5.85 | 1.44 | 0.674 | −0.275 |
Male | 29 | 5.93 | 0.75 | |||
Assertiveness | Female | 131 | 5.48 | 1.58 | 0.154 | 1.168 |
Male | 29 | 5.13 | 0.63 | |||
Work under pressure | Female | 131 | 5.38 | 1.35 | 0.989 | 0.38 |
Male | 29 | 5.37 | 0.82 | |||
Social Desirability | Female | 131 | 4.09 | 1.20 | 0.099 | 1.802 |
Male | 29 | 3.62 | 1.63 |
Nacionality | N | Mean | Std. Deviation | p | t | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Action Orientation | Italian | 80 | 4.600 | 1.062 | 0.385 | 0.841 |
Finnish | 80 | 4.450 | 1.189 | |||
Sensitivity | Italian | 80 | 6.112 | 1.935 | 0.000 | 10.572 |
Finnish | 80 | 3.562 | 0.952 | |||
Team Orientation | Italian | 80 | 6.050 | 1.668 | 0.086 | 1.719 |
Finnish | 80 | 5.687 | 0.880 | |||
Assertiveness | Italian | 80 | 5.750 | 1.919 | 0.001 | 2.870 |
Finnish | 80 | 5.100 | 0.648 | |||
Work under pressure | Italian | 80 | 5.525 | 1.645 | 0.073 | 1.369 |
Finnish | 80 | 5.250 | 0.720 | |||
Social desirability | Italian | 80 | 4.237 | 1.265 | 0.026 | 2.211 |
Finnish | 80 | 3.787 | 1.309 |
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Caggiano, V.; Schleutker, K.; Petrone, L.; González-Bernal, J. Towards Identifying the Soft Skills Needed in Curricula: Finnish and Italian Students’ Self-Evaluations Indicate Differences between Groups. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4031. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104031
Caggiano V, Schleutker K, Petrone L, González-Bernal J. Towards Identifying the Soft Skills Needed in Curricula: Finnish and Italian Students’ Self-Evaluations Indicate Differences between Groups. Sustainability. 2020; 12(10):4031. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104031
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaggiano, Valeria, Kai Schleutker, Loredana Petrone, and Jerónimo González-Bernal. 2020. "Towards Identifying the Soft Skills Needed in Curricula: Finnish and Italian Students’ Self-Evaluations Indicate Differences between Groups" Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4031. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104031