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Volume 12
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10.3390/su12104242
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Article

Environmental and Economic Constraints on the Use of Lubricant Oils for Wind and Hydropower Generation: The Case of NATURGY

by
Gabriel A. González-Reyes
1,†,
Susana Bayo-Besteiro
2,*,†,
Jordi Vich Llobet
3,† and
Juan A. Añel
2,†
1
Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
2
EPhysLab & CIM, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
3
Naturgy, 28033 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Sustainability 2020, 12(10), 4242; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104242
Submission received: 24 March 2020 / Revised: 29 April 2020 / Accepted: 17 May 2020 / Published: 21 May 2020
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Abstract

Lubricant oil is an essential element in wind and hydropower generation. We present a lifecycle assessment (LCA) of the lubricant oils (mineral, synthetic and biodegradable) used in hydropower and wind power generation. The results are given in terms of energy used, associated emissions and costs. We find that, for the oil turbines and regulation systems considered here, biodegradable oil is a better option in terms of energy and CO2 equivalent emissions than mineral or synthetic oils, from production and recycling through to handling. However, synthetic and mineral oils are better options due to the potential risks associated with the use of biodegradable oil, generally when it comes into contact with water. There are also significant savings to be made in the operation of wind turbines when using an improved type of synthetic oil.
Keywords: lubrication; oil; hydropower; wind turbine; LCA; CO2 emissions; cost lubrication; oil; hydropower; wind turbine; LCA; CO2 emissions; cost

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MDPI and ACS Style

González-Reyes, G.A.; Bayo-Besteiro, S.; Vich Llobet, J.; Añel, J.A. Environmental and Economic Constraints on the Use of Lubricant Oils for Wind and Hydropower Generation: The Case of NATURGY. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4242. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104242

AMA Style

González-Reyes GA, Bayo-Besteiro S, Vich Llobet J, Añel JA. Environmental and Economic Constraints on the Use of Lubricant Oils for Wind and Hydropower Generation: The Case of NATURGY. Sustainability. 2020; 12(10):4242. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104242

Chicago/Turabian Style

González-Reyes, Gabriel A., Susana Bayo-Besteiro, Jordi Vich Llobet, and Juan A. Añel. 2020. "Environmental and Economic Constraints on the Use of Lubricant Oils for Wind and Hydropower Generation: The Case of NATURGY" Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4242. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104242

APA Style

González-Reyes, G. A., Bayo-Besteiro, S., Vich Llobet, J., & Añel, J. A. (2020). Environmental and Economic Constraints on the Use of Lubricant Oils for Wind and Hydropower Generation: The Case of NATURGY. Sustainability, 12(10), 4242. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104242

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