Evaluation of the Effects of Grouping High Capacity Students in Academic Achievement and Creativity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Reliability
3.2. Effect of Clustering on Academic Achievement
3.3. Creativity and Academic Achievement
3.4. Effects in Narrative Creativity of the Ability Grouping
3.5. Effects in Graphic Creativity of the Ability Grouping
3.6. Correlations among Grades and Creativity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Years of Stay | Gender | ||
---|---|---|---|
Female | Male | Total | |
Primary School | |||
2 | 12 | 10 | 22 |
High School | |||
1 | 5 | 6 | 11 |
2 | 8 | 24 | 32 |
3 | 4 | 18 | 22 |
Total | 29 | 58 | 87 |
Variables | Years of Stay | Initial Average | Current Average | N | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
Grade point average | Year 1 | 9.75 | 0.175 | 9.68 | 0.227 | 11 |
Year 2 | 9.43 | 0.474 | 9.51 | 0.382 | 54 | |
Year 3 | 9.13 | 0.527 | 9.40 | 0.466 | 22 | |
Language | Year 1 | 9.773 | 0.3259 | 10.345 | 2.6216 | 11 |
Year 2 | 9.050 | 0.8474 | 9.337 | 0.6095 | 54 | |
Year 3 | 8.673 | 0.9280 | 9.227 | 0.7516 | 22 | |
Mathematics | Year 1 | 9.782 | 0.3816 | 9.573 | 0.6544 | 11 |
Year 2 | 9.437 | 0.5564 | 9.489 | 0.5797 | 54 | |
Year 3 | 9.105 | 0.6579 | 9.386 | 0.7549 | 22 |
Years of Stay | Statistic | df | p | Statistic | df | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grade Point Average Pre-Test | Grade Point Average Post-Test | |||||
1 | 0.915 | 11 | 0.283 | 0.944 | 11 | 0.567 |
2 | 0.179 | 54 | 0.000 | 0.144 | 54 | 0.007 |
3 | 0.955 | 22 | 0.399 | 0.917 | 22 | 0.065 |
Spanish pre | Spanish post | |||||
1 | 0.664 | 11 | 0.000 | 0.557 | 11 | 0.000 |
2 | 0.164 | 54 | 0.001 | 0.179 | 54 | 0.000 |
3 | 0.955 | 22 | 0.398 | 0.796 | 22 | 0.000 |
Mathematics pre | Mathematics post | |||||
1 | 0.620 | 11 | 0.000 | 0.726 | 11 | 0.001 |
2 | 0.156 | 54 | 0.002 | 0.189 | 54 | 0.000 |
3 | 0.929 | 22 | 0.115 | 0.754 | 22 | 0.000 |
Grade | Time | Levene’s Test | df1 | df2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grade point average | Pre-test | 5.331 | 2 | 84 | 0.007 |
Post-test | 2.322 | 2 | 84 | 0.104 | |
Spanish | Pre-test | 4.664 | 2 | 84 | 0.012 |
Post-test | 5.359 | 2 | 84 | 0.006 | |
Mathematics | Pre-test | 1373 | 2 | 84 | 0.259 |
Post-test | 2.760 | 2 | 84 | 0.069 |
Sums of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p | Partial η2 | Power | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grade point average | |||||||
Pre–post | 0.276 | 1 | 0.276 | 6.717 | 0.011 | 0.74 | 0.726 |
Interaction | 0.476 | 2 | 0.238 | 5.791 | 0.004 | 0.121 | 0.858 |
Error | 3.452 | 84 | 0.326 | ||||
Years of stay | 3.106 | 2 | 1.553 | 4.767 | 0.011 | 0.102 | 0.780 |
Error | 27.369 | 84 | 0.326 | ||||
Spanish | |||||||
Pre–post | 6.457 | 1 | 6.457 | 10.244 | 0.002 | 0.109 | 0.726 |
Interaction | 0.476 | 2 | 0.238 | 0.609 | 0.546 | 0.014 | 0.858 |
Error | 3.452 | 84 | 0.041 | ||||
Years of stay | 3.106 | 2 | 1.553 | 7.511 | 0.001 | 0.152 | 0.936 |
Error | 27.369 | 84 | 0.326 | ||||
Mathematics | |||||||
Pre–post | 0.050 | 1 | 0.050 | 0.273 | 0.603 | 0.003 | 0.081 |
Interaction | 0.929 | 2 | 0.464 | 2.530 | 0.086 | 0.057 | 0.494 |
Error | 15.418 | 84 | 0.184 | ||||
Years of stay | 2.957 | 2 | 1.478 | 2.723 | 0.071 | 0.061 | 0.525 |
Error | 45.595 | 84 | 0.543 |
Brown–Forsythe | df1 | df2 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Grade point average (pre) | 9376 | 2 | 45.210 | 0.001 |
Spanish (pre) | 8.801 | 2 | 46.290 | 0.001 |
Sums of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p | Partial η2 | Power | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 year of stay | |||||||
Pre–post | 0.022 | 1 | 0.022 | 0.918 | 0.361 | 0.084 | 0.140 |
Error | 0.243 | 10 | 0.024 | ||||
2 years of stay | |||||||
Pre–post | 0.188 | 1 | 0.188 | 4.502 | 0.039 | 0.078 | 0.549 |
Error | 2.207 | 53 | 0.042 | ||||
3 years of stay | |||||||
Pre–post | 0.818 | 1 | 0.818 | 17.151 | 0.001 | 0.450 | 0.976 |
Error | 9.382 | 21 | 0.447 |
Years of Stay at CEPAC | Mean Difference (I-J) | Error Dev. | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Grade point average | ||||
Tukey’s HDS | 1–2 | 0.24 | 0.134 | 0.171 |
1–3 | 0.45 | 0.149 | 0.009 | |
2–3 | 0.21 | 0.102 | 0.110 | |
Spanish | ||||
Tukey’s HDS | 1–2 | 0.866 | 0.2609 | 0.004 |
1–3 | 1.109 | 0.2913 | 0.001 | |
2–3 | 0.244 | 0.1995 | 0.444 |
Variables | Years of Stay | Pre-Test | Post-Test | N | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | TD | M | TD | |||
Fluency | Year 1 | 53.55 | 20.921 | 66.18 | 20.483 | 11 |
Year 2 | 43.93 | 19.732 | 67.46 | 30.115 | 54 | |
Year 3 | 56.82 | 25.926 | 79.64 | 28.098 | 22 | |
Flexibility | Year 1 | 26.00 | 7.50 | 30.18 | 6.49.3 | 11 |
Year 2 | 22.89 | 7.610 | 28.69 | 0.097 | 54 | |
Year 3 | 24.77 | 7.715 | 35.55 | 9.059 | 22 | |
Narrative originality | Year 1 | 29.73 | 22.970 | 34.64 | 15.667 | 11 |
Year 2 | 22.61 | 14.786 | 40.13 | 20.791 | 54 | |
Year 3 | 32.00 | 19.635 | 45.77 | 22.878 | 22 |
Years of Stay | Statistic | df | p | Statistic | df | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fluency Pre | Fluency Post | |||||
1 | 0.969 | 11 | 0.876 | 0.969 | 11 | 0.879 |
2 | 0.141 | 54 | 0.009 | 0.115 | 54 | 0.072 |
3 | 0.949 | 22 | 0.298 | 0.925 | 22 | 0.095 |
Flexibility pre | Flexibility post | |||||
1 | 0.938 | 11 | 0.502 | 0.966 | 11 | 0.839 |
2 | 0.121 | 54 | 0.049 | 0.069 | 54 | 0.200 |
3 | 0.962 | 22 | 0.525 | 0.915 | 22 | 0.059 |
Narrative originality pre | Narrative originality post | |||||
1 | 0.891 | 11 | 0.144 | 0.971 | 11 | 0.893 |
2 | 0.117 | 54 | 0.061 | 0.149 | 54 | 0.004 |
3 | 0.955 | 22 | 0.392 | 0.928 | 22 | 0.112 |
Narrative Creativity | Time | Levene’s Test | df1 | df2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fluency | Pre | 1.755 | 2 | 84 | 0.179 |
Post | 1.722 | 2 | 84 | 0.185 | |
flexibility | Pre | 0.080 | 2 | 84 | 0.923 |
Post | 1.359 | 2 | 84 | 0.263 | |
narrative originality | Pre | 1.606 | 2 | 84 | 0.207 |
Post | 1.127 | 2 | 84 | 0.329 |
Sums of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p | Partial η2 | Power | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fluency | |||||||
Pre–post | 11,234.370 | 1 | 11,234.370 | 26.421 | 0.000 | 0.239 | 0.999 |
Interaction | 553.355 | 2 | 276.677 | 0.651 | 0.524 | 0.015 | 0.156 |
Error | 35,717.622 | 84 | 425.210 | ||||
Years of stay | 4916.190 | 2 | 2458.095 | 2.858 | 0.063 | 0.064 | 0.546 |
Error | 72,252.235 | 84 | 860.146 | ||||
Flexibility | |||||||
Pre–post | 1390.081 | 1 | 139.081 | 10.244 | 0.002 | 0.109 | 10.000 |
Interaction | 238.399 | 2 | 119.200 | 0.609 | 0.546 | 0.014 | 0.518 |
Error | 3740.130 | 84 | 44.525 | ||||
Years of stay | 618.309 | 2 | 309.554 | 7.511 | 0.001 | 0.152 | 0.619 |
Error | 7741.806 | 84 | 92.164 | ||||
Narrative originality | |||||||
Pre–post | 117496.301 | 1 | 117496.301 | 133.612 | 0.000 | 0.614 | 10.000 |
Interaction | 4714.734 | 2 | 2357.367 | 2.681 | 0.074 | 0.060 | 0.518 |
Error | 73,868.485 | 84 | 879.387 | ||||
Years of stay | 7160.512 | 2 | 3580.256 | 2.451 | 0.092 | 0.055 | 0.480 |
Error | 13,532.864 | 84 | 161.106 |
Years of Stay at CEPAC | Mean Difference (I-J) | Error Dev. | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tukey’s HDS | 1–21–3 | 2.30 | 2.246 | 0.563 |
−2.07 | 2.507 | 0.689 | ||
2–3 | −4.37 | 1.717 | 0.034 |
Variables | Years of Stay | Pretest | Posttest | N | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | |||
Graphic originality | Year 1 | 6.45 | 2.115 | 5.45 | 2.841 | 11 |
Year 2 | 6.22 | 3.106 | 6.56 | 2.361 | 54 | |
Year 3 | 8.27 | 2.374 | 5.86 | 1.885 | 22 | |
Elaboration | Year 1 | 3.09 | 1.758 | 4.73 | 2.005 | 11 |
Year 2 | 3.17 | 1.881 | 2.89 | 2.186 | 54 | |
Year 3 | 2.36 | 1.706 | 3.23 | 2.487 | 22 | |
Title | Year 1 | 4.27 | 2.611 | 3.36 | 2.203 | 11 |
Year 2 | 2.35 | 1.684 | 2.57 | 2.194 | 54 | |
Year 3 | 3.59 | 1.869 | 3.00 | 2.370 | 22 | |
Special details | Year 1 | 1.73 | 2.611 | 0.18 | 0.405 | 11 |
Year 2 | 0.57 | 1.126 | 0.17 | 0.466 | 44 | |
Year 3 | 0.64 | 1.733 | 1.09 | 1.770 | 22 |
Years of Stay | Statistic | df | p | Statistic | df | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Graphic Originality Pre | Graphic Originality Post | |||||
1 | 0.891 | 11 | 0.144 | 0.971 | 11 | 0.893 |
2 | 0.117 | 54 | 0.061 | 0.149 | 54 | 0.004 |
3 | 0.955 | 22 | 0.392 | 0.928 | 22 | 0.112 |
Elaboration pre | Elaboration post | |||||
1 | 0.915 | 11 | 0.276 | 0.966 | 11 | 0.839 |
2 | 0.140 | 54 | 0.010 | 0.909 | 22 | 0.046 |
3 | 0.909 | 22 | 0.046 | 0.902 | 22 | 0.033 |
Title pre | Title post | |||||
1 | 0.962 | 11 | 0.797 | 0.900 | 11 | 0.184 |
2 | 0.206 | 54 | 0.000 | 0.128 | 54 | 0.027 |
3 | 0.897 | 22 | 0.026 | 0.870 | 22 | 0.008 |
Special details pre | Special details post | |||||
1 | 0.725 | 11 | 0.001 | 0.486 | 11 | 0.000 |
2 | 0.399 | 54 | 0.000 | 0.510 | 54 | 0.000 |
3 | 0.412 | 22 | 0.000 | 0.673 | 22 | 0.000 |
Narrative Creativity | Time | Levene’s Test | df1 | df2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Graphic originality | Pre | 2.896 | 2 | 84 | 0.061 |
Post | 1.095 | 2 | 84 | 0.339 | |
Elaboration | Pre | 0.401 | 2 | 84 | 0.386 |
Post | 1.011 | 2 | 84 | 0.263 | |
Title | Pre | 2.480 | 2 | 84 | 0.090 |
Post | 0.638 | 2 | 84 | 0.531 | |
Special details | Pre | 5.105 | 2 | 84 | 0.008 |
Post | 20.983 | 2 | 84 | 0.001 |
Sums of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p | Partial η2 | Power | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Graphic originality | |||||||
Pre–post | 30.520 | 1 | 30.540 | 4.160 | 0.045 | 0.047 | 0.522 |
Interaction | 60.180 | 2 | 30.090 | 4.099 | 0.020 | 0.089 | 0.712 |
Error | 616.659 | 84 | 7.347 | ||||
Years of stay | 22.078 | 2 | 11.039 | 4.099 | 0.020 | 0.089 | 0.371 |
Error | 508.417 | 84 | 6.053 | ||||
Elaboration | |||||||
Pre–post | 15,942 | 1 | 15,942 | 5.699 | 0.019 | 0.064 | 0.655 |
Interaction | 22.234 | 2 | 119.200 | 11.117 | 0.022 | 0.086 | 0.698 |
Error | 234.985 | 84 | 2.797 | ||||
Years of stay | 18.980 | 2 | 9.490 | 1.704 | 0.188 | 0.039 | 0.349 |
Error | 467.894 | 84 | 5.570 | ||||
Title | |||||||
Pre–post | 5.271 | 1 | 5.271 | 1.398 | 0.240 | 0.016 | 0.215 |
Interaction | 9.024 | 2 | 4.512 | 1.196 | 0.307 | 0.028 | 0.255 |
Error | 316.780 | 84 | 3.771 | ||||
Years of stay | 45.527 | 2 | 22.763 | 4.819 | 0.010 | 0.103 | 0.785 |
Error | 396.784 | 84 | 4.724 | ||||
Special details | |||||||
Pre–post | 7.247 | 1 | 7.247 | 5.006 | 0.028 | 0.056 | 0.599 |
Interaction | 15.057 | 2 | 7.529 | 5.200 | 0.007 | 0.110 | 0.817 |
Error | 121.609 | 84 | 1.448 | ||||
Years of stay | 11.351 | 2 | 5.675 | 3.060 | 0.052 | 0.068 | 0.577 |
Error | 155.822 | 84 | 1.875 |
Sums of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p | Partial η2 | Power | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 year of stay | |||||||
Pre–post | 5.500 | 1 | 5.500 | 0.821 | 0.386 | 0.076 | 0.130 |
Error | 67.000 | 10 | 6.700 | ||||
2 years of stay | |||||||
Pre–post | 3.000 | 1 | 3.000 | 0.373 | 0.544 | 0.007 | 0.092 |
Error | 426.000 | 53 | 8.038 | ||||
3 years of stay | |||||||
Pre–post | 63.841 | 1 | 63.841 | 10.842 | 0.003 | 0.340 | 0.881 |
Error | 9.382 | 21 | 0.447 |
Sums of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p | Partial η2 | Power | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 year of stay | |||||||
Pre–post | 14.727 | 1 | 14.727 | 4.297 | 0.065 | 0.301 | 0.466 |
Error | 67.000 | 10 | 6.700 | ||||
2 years of stay | |||||||
Pre–post | 2.083 | 1 | 2.083 | 0.373 | 0.734 | 0.014 | 0.134 |
Error | 426.000 | 53 | 8.038 | ||||
3 years of stay | |||||||
Pre–post | 8.205 | 1 | 8.205 | 3.426 | 0.078 | 0.140 | 0.423 |
Error | 50.295 | 21 | 0.447 |
Sums of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p | Partial η2 | Power | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 year of stay | |||||||
Pre–post | 13.136 | 1 | 13.136 | 3.516 | 0.090 | 0.260 | 0.396 |
Error | 37.364 | 10 | 3.736 | ||||
2 years of stay | |||||||
Pre–post | 4.481 | 1 | 4.481 | 6.331 | 0.015 | 0.107 | 0.695 |
Error | 37.519 | 53 | 708 | ||||
3 years of stay | |||||||
Pre–post | 2.273 | 1 | 2.273 | 1.021 | 0.324 | 0.046 | 0.162 |
Error | 46.727 | 21 | 2.225 |
Years of Stay at CEPAC | Mean Difference (I-J) | Error Dev. | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tukey’s HDS | 1–2 | 1.36 | 0.508 | 0.025 |
1–3 | 0.52 | 0.568 | 0.629 | |
2–3 | −0.83 | 0.389 | 0.088 |
Brown–Forsythe | df1 | df2 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Special details (pre) | 2.580 | 2 | 21.112 | 0.099 |
Special details (post) | 5.440 | 2 | 25.096 | 0.011 |
Years of Stay at CEPAC | Mean Difference (I–J) | Error Dev. | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tukey’s HDS | 1–2 | 0.015 | 0.321 | 0.999 |
1–3 | −0.909 | 0.358 | 0.034 | |
2–3 | −0.924 | 0.245 | 0.001 |
Creativity Pre | Creativity Post | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
r | p | r | p | |
Grade point average pre | 0.085 | 0.435 | – | – |
Grade point average post | – | – | 0.272 | 0.011 |
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Valadez, D.; Betancourt, J.; Flores Bravo, J.F.; Rodríguez-Naveiras, E.; Borges, A. Evaluation of the Effects of Grouping High Capacity Students in Academic Achievement and Creativity. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4513. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114513
Valadez D, Betancourt J, Flores Bravo JF, Rodríguez-Naveiras E, Borges A. Evaluation of the Effects of Grouping High Capacity Students in Academic Achievement and Creativity. Sustainability. 2020; 12(11):4513. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114513
Chicago/Turabian StyleValadez, Dolores, Julián Betancourt, Juan Francisco Flores Bravo, Elena Rodríguez-Naveiras, and Africa Borges. 2020. "Evaluation of the Effects of Grouping High Capacity Students in Academic Achievement and Creativity" Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4513. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114513