Fish Consumption Behaviour and Perception of Food Security of Low-Income Households in Urban Areas of Ghana
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Conceptual Framework
2.2. Study Area and Sampling Technique
2.3. Data Analysis
2.3.1. Modified Cobb–Douglas Model Specification
2.3.2. Operationalization of Model
2.3.3. Perception Analysis
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Types of Fish Consumed
3.2. Frequency of Fish Consumption
3.3. Determinants of Household Expenditure on Fish Consumption
3.4. Perception of Fish Food Security
3.4.1. Availability
3.4.2. Accessibility
3.4.3. Utilization
3.4.4. Stability
4. Conclusions
5. Suggestions for the Future
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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City | Suburb | 1st Round (Minor Season) | 2nd Round (Lean Season) | 3rd Round (Major Season) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Accra | Nima | 35 | 34 | 32 |
Chorkor | 38 | 35 | 34 | |
Ga-Mashie | 39 | 37 | 35 | |
James Town | 34 | 33 | 32 | |
Tamale | Sagnarigu | 39 | 35 | 34 |
Kukoo | 36 | 35 | 34 | |
Sakasaka | 38 | 37 | 35 | |
Salamba | 34 | 33 | 31 | |
Total | 293 | 279 | 267 |
Variable | Categorization | Frequency | Percent | Cumulative |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marital status | Married | 645 | 76.88 | 76.88 |
Otherwise | 194 | 23.12 | 100 | |
Education | No formal education | 328 | 39.09 | 39.09 |
primary education | 68 | 8.1 | 47.2 | |
secondary education | 216 | 25.74 | 72.94 | |
polytechnic education | 188 | 22.41 | 95.35 | |
tertiary education | 39 | 4.65 | 100 | |
Household head income per month | less than 100 | 37 | 4.41 | 4.41 |
101–200 | 366 | 43.62 | 48.03 | |
201–500 | 234 | 27.89 | 75.92 | |
501–1000 | 109 | 12.99 | 88.92 | |
1001–2000 | 79 | 9.42 | 98.33 | |
more than 2000 | 14 | 1.67 | 100 | |
Religion | Christian | 363 | 43.27 | 43.27 |
Muslim | 476 | 56.73 | 100.00 | |
Occupation | Formal | 365 | 43.50 | 43.50 |
Otherwise | 474 | 56.50 | 100 | |
Proximity to local market | Local market | 559 | 66.63 | 66.63 |
Otherwise | 280 | 33.37 | 100 | |
City of residence | Accra | 418 | 49.82 | 49.82 |
Tamale | 421 | 50.18 | 100 | |
Seasonality of fish | Major season (Mj) | 293 | 34.92 | 34.92 |
Minor season (Mn) | 278 | 33.13 | 68.05 | |
Lean season (Ln) | 268 | 31.95 | 100 | |
Interaction of religion and major season | Religion*major season | 148 | 17.64 | |
Interaction of religion and minor season | Religion*minor season | 120 | 14.30 | |
Mean | Std. Dev. | Min | Max | |
Money spent on fish per week | 31.149 | 22.487 | 5 | 203 |
Age | 36.882 | 10.611 | 19 | 80 |
Household size | 11.39 | 9.39 | 1 | 55 |
Fish Species | Round 1 (%) | Round 2 (%) | Round 3 (%) | Pooled (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
November | April | July | All Year Round | |
Mackerel (Salmon) | 38.6 | 32.3 | 20.9 | 31.3 |
Sardinella | 28.0 | 33.8 | 22.9 | 28.7 |
Sea Bream | 9.3 | 9.2 | 17.1 | 11.5 |
Atlantic horse mackerel | 10.0 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 9.0 |
Barracuda | 9.7 | 6.7 | 9.4 | 8.5 |
Redfish | 7.4 | 8.4 | 6.4 | 7.5 |
Anchovy | 6.9 | 7.2 | 6.2 | 6.8 |
Tuna | 5.5 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.7 |
Tilapia | 6.2 | 3.4 | 7.7 | 5.6 |
Burrito | 4.5 | 5.7 | 3.0 | 4.5 |
Catfish | 3.6 | 2.8 | 4.9 | 3.7 |
Others | 8.7 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 8.5 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Row Labels | Marine Fresh Fish (%) | Inland Fresh Fish (%) | Smoked Fish (Inland and Marine) (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accra | Tamale | Pooled | Accra | Tamale | Pooled | Accra | Tamale | Pooled | |
6–7 days a week | 74 | 11 | 42 | 47 | 6 | 26 | 19 | 11 | 15 |
4–5 times a week | 4 | 25 | 15 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 41 | 22 |
1–3 times a week | 8 | 35 | 22 | 9 | 26 | 18 | 26 | 38 | 32 |
1–3 times per month | 7 | 11 | 9 | 16 | 29 | 22 | 11 | 10 | 10 |
Less than monthly | 6 | 11 | 8 | 26 | 22 | 24 | 31 | 1 | 16 |
Never | 1 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 12 | 6 | 9 | 1 | 5 |
Grand Total (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Variables | Coefficient | Standard Rrror | P > |t| |
---|---|---|---|
Ln Age | −0.001 | 0.065 | 0.985 |
Ln Household Size | 0.011 | 0.026 | 0.688 |
Marital status | 0.070 * | 0.041 | 0.091 |
Income | −0.086 *** | 0.015 | 0.000 |
Education | 0.005 | 0.015 | 0.724 |
Religion | 0.400 *** | 0.073 | 0.000 |
Occupation | 0.146 *** | 0.035 | 0.000 |
Proximity to local market | 0.094 ** | 0.039 | 0.015 |
City of residence | 0.357 *** | 0.059 | 0.000 |
Major season (Mj) | −0.272 *** | 0.056 | 0.000 |
Minor season (Mn) | −0.470 *** | 0.053 | 0.000 |
Religion* Mj | −0.200 ** | 0.086 | 0.020 |
Religion* Mn | −0.330 *** | 0.085 | 0.000 |
Constant | 3.269 | 0.275 | 0.000 |
Statistical Parameter | Value | ||
Observations | 839 | ||
Prob > F | 0.000 |
Perception | Availability: I Get Fish Supplied to Me When I Need It (%) | Accessibility: I Believe the Fish Prices are Generally Affordable (%) | Quality: Good Quality Fish Is Available for Me to Purchase (%) | Stability: I Get the Fish I Want Throughout the Year (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accra | Tamale | Total | Accra | Tamale | Total | Accra | Tamale | Total | Accra | Tamale | Total | |
Strongly agree | 46 | 47 | 47 | 2 | 8 | 5 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 24 | 28 |
Agree | 44 | 36 | 40 | 44 | 31 | 38 | 48 | 46 | 47 | 45 | 38 | 42 |
Neutral | 1 | 4 | 2 | 14 | 10 | 12 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 7 |
Disagree | 5 | 10 | 8 | 32 | 40 | 36 | 10 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 23 | 18 |
Strongly Disagree | 4 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
Grand Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
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Onumah, E.E.; Quaye, E.A.; Ahwireng, A.K.; Campion, B.B. Fish Consumption Behaviour and Perception of Food Security of Low-Income Households in Urban Areas of Ghana. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7932. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197932
Onumah EE, Quaye EA, Ahwireng AK, Campion BB. Fish Consumption Behaviour and Perception of Food Security of Low-Income Households in Urban Areas of Ghana. Sustainability. 2020; 12(19):7932. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197932
Chicago/Turabian StyleOnumah, Edward E., Elizabeth A. Quaye, Anderson K. Ahwireng, and Benjamin B. Campion. 2020. "Fish Consumption Behaviour and Perception of Food Security of Low-Income Households in Urban Areas of Ghana" Sustainability 12, no. 19: 7932. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197932