Spatial Econometric Analysis of the Relationship between Urban Land and Regional Economic Development in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Coordinated Development Region
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. The Study Area
3.2. The Data Source
3.3. Research Methods
4. Results
4.1. Identifying Interaction Effects and Selection of Regression Models
4.2. Decomposition Analysis of Spatial Effects
5. Discussion
5.1. Comparison with Traditional Cross-Sectional Regression
5.2. Comparison with Other Studies
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Explanatory Variable | Description | Correlation Coefficient | Moran’s I |
---|---|---|---|
GDP_ST | the GDP in secondary/tertiary sector (ten thousand yuan) | 0.94 *** | 0.07 ** |
POP | total population (number) | 0.82 *** | 0.02 |
URB | urbanization rate (%) | 0.57 *** | 0.28 *** |
Fixed_invest | fixed-asset investment (ten thousand yuan) | 0.82 *** | 0.21 *** |
Wages | average wages (yuan) | 0.76 *** | 0.55 *** |
Rode_des | highway mileage density: highway mileage per 100 square kilometers (kilometers/hundred square kilometers) | 0.22 *** | 0.00 |
For_cap | actual utilization of foreign capital (ten thousand dollars) | 0.86 *** | 0.05 ** |
Top_rel | topographic relief refers to the difference between the highest elevation and the lowest elevation within a certain range (m). | −0.10 *** | 0.73 *** |
Variable | LRM | SLM | SEM | SDM |
---|---|---|---|---|
CONSTANT | −8.487 *** (−3.257) | −6.302 ** (−2.568) | −4.433 (−1.624) | −17.669 *** (−3.982) |
lnGDP_ST | 0.349 *** (3.215) | 0.330 *** (3.228) | 0.394 *** (3.642) | 0.440 *** (4.063) |
lnPOP | 0.321 *** (3.144) | 0.385 *** (3.899) | 0.239 ** (2.397) | 0.259 ** (2.523) |
URB | 0.019 *** (6.475) | 0.021 *** (7.539) | 0.021 *** (7.550) | 0.021 *** (7.548) |
lnFixed_invest | −0.132 (−1.226) | −0.200 * (−1.935) | −0.106 (−1.033) | −0.142 (−1.389) |
lnWages | 0.716 *** (2.788) | 0.379 (1.521) | 0.361 (1.355) | 0.131 (0.460) |
lnRode_des | 0.119 (1.556) | 0.064 (0.890) | 0.058 (0.777) | 0.020 (0.270) |
lnFor_cap | 0.007 (0.514) | 0.008 (0.661) | 0.006 (0.468) | 0.006 (0.511) |
lnTop_rel | −0.355 ** (−2.059) | −0.206 (−1.242) | −0.307 (−1.430) | −0.296 (−0.824) |
ρ | 0.245 *** (3.461) | 0.278 *** (2.694) | ||
λ | 0.402 *** (4.179) | |||
W × lnGDP_ST | −0.313 (−1.617) | |||
W × lnPOP | 0.441 ** (1.986) | |||
W × URB | −0.008 (−1.200) | |||
W × lnFixed_invest | −0.144 (−0.683) | |||
W × lnWages | 1.208 *** (2.586) | |||
W × lnRode_des | 0.236 (1.586) | |||
W × lnFor_cap | 0.007 (0.258) | |||
W × lnTop_rel | 0.206 (0.449) | |||
LM (lag) | 13.221 *** | |||
Robust LM (lag) | 3.493 * | |||
LM (error) | 11.733 *** | |||
Robust LM (error) | 2.005 | |||
R2 | 0.782 | 0.784 | 0.804 | 0.810 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.771 | 0.773 | 0.795 | 0.791 |
Log-likelihood | −116.242 | −49.748 | −49.387 | −39.162 |
Explanatory Variables | Direct Effect | Space Spillover Effect | Total Effect |
---|---|---|---|
lnGDP_ST | 0.429 *** (4.104) | −0.261 (−1.048) | 0.169 (0.660) |
lnPOP | 0.286 *** (2.813) | 0.688 ** (2.452) | 0.974 *** (3.314) |
URB | 0.021 *** (7.444) | −0.003 (−0.350) | 0.018 * (1.798) |
lnFixed_invest | −0.149 (−1.455) | −0.246 (−0.868) | −0.395 (−1.286) |
lnWages | 0.199 (0.728) | 1.671 *** (2.822) | 1.870 *** (3.148) |
lnRode_des | 0.036 (0.473) | 0.319 (1.642) | 0.355 * (1.748) |
lnFor_cap | 0.006 (0.521) | 0.011 (0.323) | 0.018 (0.455) |
lnTop_rel | −0.295 (−0.845) | 0.165 (0.324) | −0.130 (−0.401) |
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Tang, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Zuo, L.; Wang, X.; Hu, S.; Zhu, Z. Spatial Econometric Analysis of the Relationship between Urban Land and Regional Economic Development in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Coordinated Development Region. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8451. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208451
Tang Z, Zhang Z, Zuo L, Wang X, Hu S, Zhu Z. Spatial Econometric Analysis of the Relationship between Urban Land and Regional Economic Development in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Coordinated Development Region. Sustainability. 2020; 12(20):8451. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208451
Chicago/Turabian StyleTang, Zhanzhong, Zengxiang Zhang, Lijun Zuo, Xiao Wang, Shunguang Hu, and Zijuan Zhu. 2020. "Spatial Econometric Analysis of the Relationship between Urban Land and Regional Economic Development in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Coordinated Development Region" Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8451. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208451