High-Performance Sustainable Asphalt Mixtures for High-Volume Traffic Roads in Severe Climates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Materials
2.2. Testing Plan
3. Analysis of the Results
3.1. Laboratory Study
3.2. Reproducibility of Mixtures in a Real Plant
3.3. Trial Section
4. Conclusions
- The laboratory study of the crumb rubber-modified bitumen and the mixture manufactured with it at 30 °C lower than the hot conventional mixtures revealed a mechanical performance comparable to that recorded for traditional high-performance asphalt binders and hot mixtures in terms of elasticity, thermal susceptibility, workability, indirect tensile strength, water sensitivity, plastic deformations, and stiffness.
- High-performance sustainable mixtures manufactured with crumb rubber-modified asphalt binders at 30 °C lower than the hot conventional mixtures can be produced in conventional asphalt plants and spread and compacted with conventional equipment, achieving a material with a similar mechanical response to that of the reference hot mixtures (even higher in terms of resistance to fatigue and thermal cracking, particle loss, and permanent deformations) and a similar cost (the cost overrun associated with the use of additives can be partially compensated by the reduced energy consumption in-plant).
- High-performance sustainable mixtures manufactured with crumb rubber-modified asphalt binders at 30 °C lower than the hot conventional mixtures can be transported long distances (one hour transport) without having workability or compaction problems.
- Taken together, these findings suggest that sustainable high-performance mixtures presented in this paper could offer an interesting alternative to conventional hot mixtures for improving the durability of road pavements while reducing the environmental impacts associated with their construction/rehabilitation.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Coarse Aggregate (4/12 mm) | Fine Aggregate (0/6 mm) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Ophite | Limestone | ||
Particle granulometry, (UNE-EN 933-1) | Sieve | % of material passing | % of material passing |
11.2 | 96.5 | 100 | |
8 | 47.5 | 100 | |
4 | 7.5 | 82.2 | |
2 | 0.4 | 73.9 | |
0.5 | 0.3 | 31.9 | |
0.063 | 0.3 | 2.5 | |
Sand equivalent, (UNE-EN 933-8) | - | 81 | |
Percent of fractured face (UNE-EN 933-5) | 100% | - | |
Flakiness index, (UNE-EN 933-3) | 20 | - | |
Resistance to fragmentation (UNE-EN1097-2) | 14 | - | |
Resistance to polishing (UNE 146130 annex D) | 0.51 | - | |
Cleaning of coarse aggregate (UNE 146130 annex C) | 0.02% | - | |
Relative density and absorption (EN 1097-6) | Apparent relative density | 2.85 g/cm3 | 2.80 g/cm3 |
Absorption coefficient | 1.57 % | 0.77 % |
Characteristics | CRMB | PMB |
---|---|---|
Penetration at 25 °C (dmm), EN 1426 [16] | 45–80 | 45–80 |
Softening point (°C), EN 1427 [17] | >60 | >60 |
Elastic Recovery at 25 °C (%), EN 13398 [18] | >70 | >70 |
Characteristics | PMB-HMA | CRMB-HMA | CRMB-WMA |
---|---|---|---|
Bulk density (Mg/m3), EN 12697-6 | 2.146 | 2.134 | 2.137 |
Air voids (%), EN 12697-8 | 16.5 | 18.0 | 17.9 |
Indirect tensile strength at 15 °C (kPa), EN 12697-23 | 1287 | 1161 | 1182 |
ITSR (%), EN 12697-12 | 91.9 | 90.7 | 94.0 |
WTS at 60 °C (mm/103 ciclos), EN 12697-22 | 0.056 | 0.054 | 0.068 |
Characteristics | CRMB-HMA | CRMB-WMA |
---|---|---|
Aggregates temperature (°C) | 172–178 | 146–148 |
Flame of the drum dryer (%) | 72–81 | 37–59 |
Fuel consumption (kg/tn) | 6.8–7.2 | 5.4–5.9 |
Characteristics | PMB-HMA | RMB-HMA | RMB-WMA |
Indirect tensile strength at 15 °C (kPa), EN 12697-23 | 1111 | 1040 | 1108 |
ITSR (%), EN 12697-12 | 90.5 | 90.9 | 90.1 |
WTS at 60 °C (mm/103 ciclos), EN 12697-22 | 0.048 | 0.066 | 0.056 |
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Moreno-Navarro, F.; Sierra, F.J.; Sol-Sánchez, M.; Rubio-Gámez, M.C.; Castillo, M.; Estévez, E. High-Performance Sustainable Asphalt Mixtures for High-Volume Traffic Roads in Severe Climates. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8765. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218765
Moreno-Navarro F, Sierra FJ, Sol-Sánchez M, Rubio-Gámez MC, Castillo M, Estévez E. High-Performance Sustainable Asphalt Mixtures for High-Volume Traffic Roads in Severe Climates. Sustainability. 2020; 12(21):8765. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218765
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoreno-Navarro, Fernando, Francisco Javier Sierra, Miguel Sol-Sánchez, M. Carmen Rubio-Gámez, Manuel Castillo, and Eugenio Estévez. 2020. "High-Performance Sustainable Asphalt Mixtures for High-Volume Traffic Roads in Severe Climates" Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8765. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218765