Economic Consequences of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on Fisheries in the Eastern Mediterranean (Cyprus)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Questionnaire Survey
2.2. Input-Output Analysis
2.2.1. Demand-Driven Input-Output Model
2.2.2. Mixed Endogenous-Exogenous Input-Output Model
2.2.3. Data and Application
3. Results
3.1. Questionnaire Survey Results
3.2. Demand-Driven Input-Output Multiplier Analysis
3.3. Supply-Driven Input-Output Multiplier Analysis
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
n/n | Sector | Description NACE | GVA Share (%) | Employment Share (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Agriculture | A01 | 2.2 | 3.7 |
2 | Forestry | A02 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
3 | Fisheries | A03 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
4 | Mining | B | 0.1 | 0.1 |
5 | Food manufacturing | C10-C12 | 1.8 | 3.2 |
6 | Textile | C13, C15 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
7 | Wood and paper | C16, C17, C18 | 0.5 | 0.9 |
8 | Chemical and plastic products | C19, C20, C21, C22 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
9 | Metal and non-metal products | C23, C24, C25 | 1.1 | 1.5 |
10 | Machinery and equipment | C26-C33 | 0.8 | 1.3 |
11 | Electricity, gas and water | D, E36, E37-39 | 2.5 | 1.2 |
12 | Construction | F | 4.6 | 6.8 |
13 | Trade | G45, G46, G47 | 10.6 | 16.7 |
14 | Accommodation and Food services | I | 7.1 | 11.4 |
15 | Land transport | H49 | 1.1 | 1.3 |
16 | Water transport | H50 | 3.1 | 0.1 |
17 | Air transport | H51 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
18 | Warehousing, postal and courier activities | H52-H53 | 3.2 | 2.6 |
19 | Banking-Financing | K64-K65-K66 | 11.3 | 5.1 |
20 | Real Estate | L68 | 9.5 | 0.6 |
21 | Public administration | O | 8.9 | 8.8 |
22 | Education | P | 6.2 | 7.2 |
23 | Health | Q | 3.9 | 4.7 |
24 | Other services | J58, J59, J60, J61, J62–63, M69–70, M71, M72, M73, M74-75, N, R, S, T, U | 20.2 | 21.4 |
Sum of Squares | DF | Mean Square | F | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fishermen’s age | 342 | 2 | 170.9 | 1.029 | 0.372 |
Years in profession | 1464 | 2 | 731.8 | 2.164 | 0.136 |
Annual gross margin | 6,576,022 | 2 | 3,288,011 | 0.192 | 0.827 |
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n/n | Economic Sectors | Demand-Driven Output Multipliers |
---|---|---|
1 | Water transport | 2.47 |
2 | Warehousing, postal and courier activities | 2.20 |
3 | Construction | 2.19 |
4 | Mining | 1.80 |
5 | Accommodation and Food services | 1.74 |
6 | Banking-Financing | 1.73 |
7 | Electricity, gas and water | 1.71 |
8 | Land transport | 1.70 |
9 | Food manufacturing | 1.68 |
10 | Trade | 1.65 |
11 | Fisheries | 1.63 |
12 | Agriculture | 1.62 |
13 | Metal and non-metal products | 1.59 |
14 | Other services | 1.58 |
15 | Wood and paper | 1.56 |
16 | Health | 1.51 |
17 | Real Estate | 1.35 |
18 | Public administration | 1.28 |
19 | Education | 1.27 |
20 | Chemical and plastic products | 1.13 |
21 | Air transport | 1.12 |
22 | Forestry | 1.12 |
23 | Machinery and equipment | 1.08 |
24 | Textile | 1.07 |
n/n | Economic Sectors | Supply-Driven Output Multipliers |
---|---|---|
1 | Construction | 0.1466 |
2 | Banking-Financing | 0.0659 |
3 | Metal and non-metal products | 0.0648 |
4 | Chemical and plastic products | 0.0638 |
5 | Trade | 0.0509 |
6 | Electricity, gas and water | 0.0508 |
7 | Other services | 0.0496 |
8 | Wood and paper | 0.0473 |
9 | Machinery and equipment | 0.0212 |
10 | Land transport | 0.0109 |
11 | Real Estate | 0.0084 |
12 | Warehousing, postal and courier activities | 0.0068 |
13 | Food manufacturing | 0.0033 |
14 | Mining | 0.0023 |
15 | Accommodation and Food services | 0.0020 |
16 | Air transport | 0.0016 |
17 | Agriculture | 0.0007 |
18 | Textile | 0.0006 |
19 | Education | 0.0004 |
20 | Water transport | 0.0004 |
21 | Public administration | 0.0003 |
22 | Health | 0.0000 |
23 | Forestry | 0.0000 |
Total | 0.5985 |
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Giannakis, E.; Hadjioannou, L.; Jimenez, C.; Papageorgiou, M.; Karonias, A.; Petrou, A. Economic Consequences of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on Fisheries in the Eastern Mediterranean (Cyprus). Sustainability 2020, 12, 9406. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229406
Giannakis E, Hadjioannou L, Jimenez C, Papageorgiou M, Karonias A, Petrou A. Economic Consequences of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on Fisheries in the Eastern Mediterranean (Cyprus). Sustainability. 2020; 12(22):9406. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229406
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiannakis, Elias, Louis Hadjioannou, Carlos Jimenez, Marios Papageorgiou, Anastasis Karonias, and Antonis Petrou. 2020. "Economic Consequences of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on Fisheries in the Eastern Mediterranean (Cyprus)" Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9406. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229406