The Path of Petrila Mining Area towards Future Industrial Heritage Tourism Seen through the Lenses of Past and Present
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Study Area
3.2. Optimal Algorithm
3.3. Objective of the Algorithm
3.4. Constraints
3.5. Solution Approach
3.5.1. Initialization
3.5.2. Evaluation Process
3.5.3. Validate Solution
4. Valorization of the Petrila’s Post-Industrial Heritage
4.1. Preliminary Studies
4.1.1. Technical-Economic Study Regarding the Choice of Possible Destinations of the Buildings that Will Be Part of the Theme Park
4.1.2. Residents’ Attitude towards IHT Development
- there is availability to support measures for the development of tourism activities in the area, the attitude of the inhabitants towards the development of tourism being a positive one, most of the answers, 78%, being placed in the “agree” area;
- the idea of integrating the theme park in a tourist circuit generated positive feedback, the greatest openness to the idea being registered at the level of age ranges 28–37 years with 91% and 48–57 years with 89%, their answers being placed in the “total agree” area;
- regarding the positive effects to be generated by the development of tourism activities in the area, most of the respondents are of the opinion that they will not be late to appear, and place the answers in the area “total agree”—“agree” (82% regarding positive economic effects, 75% regarding positive social effects and 71% regarding positive environmental protection effects);
- the negative effects are not expected to appear according to the opinion of the majority of the surveyed population who place the most responses in the “disagree” area (82% regarding negative economic effects and 78% regarding negative social effects and 77% regarding negative environmental protection effects);
- regarding the positive feedback on the development of a theme park in the former Petrila Mine perimeter, most of the answers are placed in the “total agree” area; the respondents who are the most open-minded about this idea are in the 28–37 years age range with 83% and 48–57 years with 89%;
- the destinations of the buildings from the heritage list (in accordance with the technical solutions of consolidation and restoration) based on the preferences of the locals are presented in Table 6.
4.2. Petrila’s Industrial Heritage Case Study
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions, Limitations and Further Research Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1855 | The first geological explorations in Jiu Valley | |
1859 | Petrila is officially the first mining perimeter in the Jiu Valley and the deepest coal mine in Europe | |
The extensive industrialization process of the second half of the communist period has led to significant flows of migration to the mining cities of the Jiu Valley, with an obvious impact on the population growth | ||
1989 | 60,679 employees in the extractive industry | |
The massive restructuring followed by the mine closure; negatively affected both the number of inhabitants and the number of employees in the extractive industry | ||
2017 | 3767 employees in the extractive industry | |
2030 | Scenarios | |
I. inaction scenario | III. development of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in the period 2020–2030 | |
II. modernization of one of the mines and the gradual closure of four others by 2030 |
Name | Data Type | Dimension | Description |
---|---|---|---|
n | Integer/Input | Scalar | Number of buildings |
m | Integer/Input | Scalar | Number of possible destinations for the buildings |
CD | Integer (bool)/Input | n × m | Matrix of correspondences between buildings and destinations |
UG | Real/Input and Computed | nUG × (3 + nCrit) | Matrix of multicriteria selection |
nUG | Integer/Computed | Scalar | Number of lines in UG |
CD_UG | Real/Computed | n × m | Support matrix |
Coef | Real/Input | nCrit | Importance coefficients for each criterium |
Crit | Integer (bool)/Input | nCrit | Criterium type |
nCrit | Integer/Input | Scalar | Number of criteria |
nCon | Integer/Input | Scalar | Number of constraints for solution |
P | Real/Output | n × (2 + nCon) | Solution matrix |
Existing Buildings | Symbol | Destination | Symbol | Required Works | Outgoing (Euro) | Area (m2) | Unit Costs (Euro/m2) | Time (Days) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dispensary | B1 | Exhibition/presentation space | D1 | consolidation | 21,000 | 51 | 411.76 | 5 |
redevelopment | 60,000 | 210 | 285.71 | 20 | ||||
Cafeteria | D2 | consolidation | 21,000 | 51 | 411.76 | 5 | ||
redevelopment | 75,000 | 210 | 357.14 | 30 | ||||
Shop | D3 | consolidation | 21,000 | 51 | 411.76 | 5 | ||
redevelopment | 55,000 | 210 | 261.9 | 12 | ||||
Main building (current administrative space) | B2 | Entertainment space | D4 | consolidation | 85,000 | 180 | 472.22 | 10 |
redevelopment | 510,000 | 2000 | 255 | 48 | ||||
Shop/store | D3 | consolidation | 85,000 | 180 | 472.22 | 10 | ||
redevelopment | 770,000 | 2000 | 385 | 28 | ||||
Restaurant | D5 | consolidation | 85,000 | 180 | 472.22 | 10 | ||
redevelopment | 874,000 | 2000 | 437 | 25 | ||||
Cinema | D6 | consolidation | 85,000 | 180 | 472.22 | 10 | ||
redevelopment | 850,000 | 2000 | 425 | 23 | ||||
Museum | D7 | consolidation | 45,000 | 180 | 250 | 10 | ||
redevelopment | 650,000 | 2000 | 325 | 26 | ||||
Building near the school mine | B3 | Conference room | D8 | consolidation | 20,000 | 105 | 190.48 | 9 |
redevelopment | 65,000 | 600 | 108.33 | 14 | ||||
Education space | D9 | consolidation | 20,000 | 105 | 190.48 | 9 | ||
redevelopment | 75,000 | 600 | 125 | 14 | ||||
School Mine | B4 | Mine museum | D10 | redevelopment | 42,000 | 450 | 93.33 | 7 |
Education space | D9 | redevelopment | 44,000 | 450 | 97.78 | 7 | ||
Mechanical workshop | B5 | Mechanical workshop museum | D11 | consolidation | 39,000 | 560 | 69.64 | 8 |
redevelopment | 90,000 | 1400 | 64.29 | 12 | ||||
Education space | D9 | consolidation | 39,000 | 560 | 69.64 | 8 | ||
redevelopment | 110,000 | 1400 | 78.57 | 15 | ||||
Shaft with Skip | B6 | Shaft with Skip museum | D12 | consolidation | 160,000 | 157 | 1019.11 | 25 |
redevelopment | 1,500,000 | 785 | 1910.83 | 80 | ||||
Center shaft with tower | B7 | Centre Shaft museum | D13 | consolidation | 190,000 | 157 | 1210.2 | 30 |
redevelopment | 2,200,000 | 785 | 2802.55 | 90 | ||||
Centre Shaft museum + restaurant | D14 | consolidation | 190,000 | 157 | 1210.2 | 30 | ||
redevelopment | 2,600,000 | 785 | 3312.12 | 105 | ||||
Centre Shaft museum + education space | D15 | consolidation | 190,000 | 157 | 1210.2 | 30 | ||
redevelopment | 2,750,000 | 785 | 3503.19 | 110 |
Hypotheses | Relationships between Variables | Correlations | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
H1 | IBTD | < ----- > | PETD | 0.766 (**) |
H2 | IBTD | < ----- > | GSC | 0.511 (**) |
H3 | IBTD | < ----- > | NETD | −0.086 (***) |
H4 | IBTD | < ----- > | IATD | 0.769 (**) |
H5 | PETD | < ----- > | IATD | 0.866 (**) |
H6 | PETD | < ----- > | GSC | 0.646 (**) |
H7 | GSC | < ----- > | IATD | 0.857 (**) |
H8 | NETD | < ----- > | GSC | 0.031 (***) |
H9 | NETD | < ----- > | IATD | 0.229 (***) |
Hypotheses | Relationships between Variables | Confirmed/Rejected | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
H1 | IBTD | (+) | PETD | Confirmed |
H2 | IBTD | (+) | GSC | Confirmed |
H3 | IBTD | (-) | NETD | Rejected (*) |
H4 | IBTD | (-) | IATD | Rejected (*) |
H5 | PETD | (+) | IATD | Confirmed |
H6 | PETD | (+) | GSC | Confirmed |
H7 | GSC | (+) | IATD | Rejected (*) |
H8 | NETD | (-) | GSC | Rejected (*) |
H9 | NETD | (+) | IATD | Rejected (**) |
Building | Destination | Symbol | Preferences | Positive Effects | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Economic | Social | Environment Protection | ||||
Dispensary (Medical Office) | Exhibition/presentation space | D1 | 423 (31%) | 4.13 | 4.02 | 3.89 |
Cafeteria | D2 | 567 (40%) | 4.21 | 4.10 | 4 | |
Store | D3 | 414 (29%) | 4.13 | 3.91 | 3.93 | |
Main building (Current administrative building) | Entertainment space | D4 | 261 (19%) | 4.28 | 4.24 | 3.97 |
Store | D3 | 360 (26%) | 4.13 | 4 | 4.03 | |
Restaurant | D5 | 306 (22%) | 4.21 | 3.94 | 3.97 | |
Cinema | D6 | 288 (20%) | 4.13 | 4.06 | 3.84 | |
Museum | D7 | 189 (13%) | 4.10 | 3.90 | 4 | |
Building near the school mine | Conference room | D8 | 729 (52%) | 4.10 | 4.04 | 3.91 |
Education space | D9 | 675 (48%) | 4.24 | 4.04 | 4 | |
The school mine | Mine museum | D10 | 954 (68%) | 4.14 | 4.03 | 4 |
Education space | D9 | 450 (32%) | 4.20 | 4.04 | 3.88 | |
Mechanical workshop | Mechanical workshop museum | D11 | 585 (42%) | 4.08 | 4.06 | 3.88 |
Education space | D9 | 828 (58%) | 4.23 | 4.01 | 4.03 | |
Shaft with skip | Shaft with Skip museum | D12 | 1404 (100%) | 4.18 | 4.07 | 3.96 |
Centre shaft with tower | Centre Shaft museum | D13 | 513 (36%) | 4.18 | 4.02 | 4.02 |
Centre Shaft museum + restaurant | D14 | 522 (38%) | 4.10 | 4 | 3.64 | |
Centre Shaft museum + education space | D15 | 369 (26%) | 4.20 | 4.15 | 4.12 |
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Ionica, A.; Samuil, I.; Leba, M.; Toderas, M. The Path of Petrila Mining Area towards Future Industrial Heritage Tourism Seen through the Lenses of Past and Present. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9922. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239922
Ionica A, Samuil I, Leba M, Toderas M. The Path of Petrila Mining Area towards Future Industrial Heritage Tourism Seen through the Lenses of Past and Present. Sustainability. 2020; 12(23):9922. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239922
Chicago/Turabian StyleIonica, Andreea, Ionela Samuil, Monica Leba, and Mihaela Toderas. 2020. "The Path of Petrila Mining Area towards Future Industrial Heritage Tourism Seen through the Lenses of Past and Present" Sustainability 12, no. 23: 9922. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239922
APA StyleIonica, A., Samuil, I., Leba, M., & Toderas, M. (2020). The Path of Petrila Mining Area towards Future Industrial Heritage Tourism Seen through the Lenses of Past and Present. Sustainability, 12(23), 9922. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239922