TRIZ-Based Guidelines for Eco-Improvement
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. State of the Art
3. Proposal
3.1. Guidelines Background
3.1.1. Switch to Super System
3.1.2. Trimming
3.1.3. Dematerialization/Ideality
3.1.4. Merging
3.1.5. Redesign the Internal Structure by Porosity
3.1.6. Change the State of Aggregation
3.1.7. Local Quality
3.1.8. Substitute
3.1.9. Segmentation of the Parts/Components
3.1.10. Design for Assembly
3.1.11. Dynamics
3.1.12. The Other Way Around
3.1.13. Taking out
3.1.14. Increase Control
3.1.15. Recycle/Reuse
3.1.16. Optimize
3.2. Guidelines Structure
3.3. Guidelines Organization
4. Guidelines Presentation
4.1. M_RM_AMt-Reduce Mass Auxiliary Materials (Swith to Supersystem)
- Make the manufacturing process more robust for tolerating the deterioration of the performances of the auxiliaries.
- Treat exhaust auxiliary materials by reinvigorate them (e.g., cleaning and filtration for oil, sharpening for tools).
4.2. U_E_P-Eliminate Packaging (Trimming)
- Modify the product surface by reporting on it advertising or information (e.g., nutritional value).
- Eliminate part of the packaging by directly showing the contained product.
- Make minor improvements to the secondary packaging by making it suitable to contain the product (e.g., by making it waterproof for storing liquids).
4.3. PM_E_RMt-Eliminate Raw Materials (Dematerialization/Ideality)
4.4. M_E_Ma-Eliminate Machineries (Merging)
- Reduce the movements of the semi-finished among the two machineries by ideally bringing them to zero if the two operations can be carried out by fixing the piece in the same position.
- Share the hardware, i.e., tools, consumables, sensors and their management/handling systems (e.g., lubricant pump), for both the operations.
- Merge the operations themselves by optimizing the sequence of operations to be performed according to the logic of the work center: e.g., the combination of cutting and punching for laser-punching machines.
4.5. PM_RM_RMt-Reduce Mass Raw Materials (Re-design Internal Structure)
- List of structural resources.
4.6. PM_RM_RMt-Reduce Mass Raw Materials (Change the State of Aggregation)
4.7. U_RM_AMt-Reduce Mass Auxiliary Materials (Local Quality)
- Reduce the thickness of the film of lubricant (especially where it is not needed).
- Confine the presence of lubricant or cooling only in the most critical zones (e.g., where the temperatures or the frictions are higher).
- Combine lubricants or fuels with different qualities: use the better one only when the product is working with the full performances.
4.8. M_SO_IL-Select Other Internal Logistic (Substitute)
4.9. PM_RV_EL-Reduce Volume External Logistic (Segmentation of the Parts/Components)
4.10. M_RQ_En-Reduce Quantity of Energy (Design for Assembly)
- Redesign the geometry my making it more accessible for automatic interventions: eliminate undercuts and reduce displacements of robots’ arms and auxiliary materials.
- Use asymmetrical parts for facilitating the correct orientation and position of the piece during assembly in order to reduce its displacements.
- Introduce quick joints and standard parts for reducing the number of assembly tools substitutions.
4.11. M_RQ_En-Reduce Quantity of Energy (Dynamics)
- Move them from continuous to discontinuous operation (start and stop).
- Optimize their speed rate (i.e., reduce when possible) by planning through a dedicated software.
- Optimize their processed and carried load.
4.12. PM_RV_EL-Reduce Volume External Logistic (The Other Way Around)
- Move in two- or three-dimensional space (e.g., Tetris game).
- Use a multi-story arrangement of objects instead of a single-story arrangement.
- Tilt or re-orient the object, lay it on its side (upside down).
- Use “another side” of a given area.
- Exploit all empty spaces (i.e., Matryoshka) or less conventional directions (moving out from horizontal/vertical plane towards diagonal directions) or using 3D placement.
4.13. EoL_E_C-Eliminate Components (Taking out)
- Try to exploit:
- Fields and forces from the environment (e.g., gravity, geodetic share of water).
- Heating coming from sun or subsoil (e.g., drying).
- Physical effect requiring small energy to be exploited (e.g., fluid pression, centrifugal force, vibrations).
- List of fields and forces; list of physical effects.
4.14. U_RM_AMt-Reduce Mass Auxiliary Materials (Increase Control)
- List of Fields and Forces.
4.15. EoL_E_C-Eliminate Components (Recycle/Reuse)
- Rethink the use of the product by tolerating a decreasing in the performances.
- Repair/regenerate the product by making it able to perform the same functionalities through design for repairability and design for update.
- Do not dispose the product only to the realization of those functionalities have not been compromised by the wear of time.
4.16. M_E_Ma-Eliminate Machineries (Optimize)
5. Exemplary Case Study
5.1. M_RM_AMt-Reduce Mass Auxiliary Materials (Swith to supersystem)
5.2. U_E_P-Eliminate Packaging (Trimming)
5.3. PM_E_RMt-Eliminate Raw Materials (Dematerialization, Ideality)
5.4. M_E_Ma-Eliminate Machineries (Merging)
5.5. PM_RM_RMt-Reduce Mass Raw Materials (Re-design Internal Structure)
5.6. PM_RM_RMt-Reduce Mass Packaging (Change the State of Aggregation)
5.7. U_RM_AMt-Reduce Mass Auxiliary Materials (Local Quality)
5.8. M_SO_IL-Select Other Internal Logistic (Substitute)
5.9. PM_RV_EL-Reduce Volume External Logistic (Segmentation of the Parts/Components)
5.10. M_RQ_En-Reduce Quantity of Energy (Design for Assembly)
5.11. M_RQ_En-Reduce Quantity of Energy (Dynamics)
5.12. PM_RV_EL-Reduce Volume External Logistic (The Other Way Around)
5.13. EoL_E_C-Eliminate Components (Taking out)
5.14. U_RM_AMt-Reduce Mass Auxiliary Materials (Increase Control)
5.15. EoL_E_C-Eliminate Components (Recycle/Reuse)
5.16. M_E_Ma-Eliminate Machineries (Optimize)
6. Guidelines Validation
6.1. Cases Studies
6.2. Test Participants: Background and Expertise
6.3. Test Execution: Available Time, Materials and Proposed Outputs
6.4. Evaluation Criteria
6.5. Results and Discussion
6.5.1. Testing HP.1 Does the Method Lead the Users to Propose Better Solutions?
6.5.2. Testing HP.2 Are the Guidelines Understandable and Useful?
6.6. Further Testing Developments
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1. Switch to super system 2. Trimming 3. Dematerialization/ideality 4. Merging 5. Redesign the internal structure | 6. Change the state of aggregation 7. Local quality 8. Substitute 9. Segmentation of the parts/components 10. Design for Assembly | 11. Dynamics 12 The Other Way Around 13. Taking out 14. Increase control 15. Recycle/Reuse 16. Optimize |
PPI Group | PLM Group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test Group | Control Group | Test Group | Control Group | ||
Case study 1 | Participants | 10 | 10 | 8 | 8 |
Numerosity | 4.3 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 1.5 | |
Quality | 3.9 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 0.6 | |
Quality/Numerosity | 91% | 72% | 83% | 40% | |
Case study 2 | Participants | 10 | 10 | 8 | 8 |
Numerosity | 3.9 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 1.6 | |
Quality | 3.6 | 2 | 2.3 | 0.9 | |
Quality/Numerosity | 92% | 77% | 70% | 56% |
PPI Group 20 Students from Test Group | PLM Group 16 Students from Test Group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Comprehen-sibility | Usefulness | Comprehen-sibility | Usefulness | |
WHEN | 100% | 100% | 100% | 88% |
WHAT | 100% | 100% | 100% | 88% |
HOW-Generic suggestions | 80% | 70% | 63% | 75% |
HOW-Ressources list | 80% | 60% | 75% | 75% |
Overall average | 90% | 83% | 85% | 82% |
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Russo, D.; Spreafico, C. TRIZ-Based Guidelines for Eco-Improvement. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3412. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083412
Russo D, Spreafico C. TRIZ-Based Guidelines for Eco-Improvement. Sustainability. 2020; 12(8):3412. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083412
Chicago/Turabian StyleRusso, Davide, and Christian Spreafico. 2020. "TRIZ-Based Guidelines for Eco-Improvement" Sustainability 12, no. 8: 3412. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083412