Novice Physical Education Teachers in Israel: Facilitators and Barriers to Persistence in the Profession
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.1.1. First Stage
2.1.2. Second Stage
2.1.3. Third Stage
2.2. Data Analysis
2.3. Trustworthiness
3. Results
3.1. First Stage: Initial Telephone Survey
3.2. Second Stage: Semi-Structured Telephone Interviews
3.2.1. Background Information
3.2.2. Reasons for Persistence in or Dropout from the Teaching Profession
I love the children, I know that what I teach is important for the kids’ development, and I enjoy the love I get back from them. I am here to stay and to influence.
3.2.3. Support from Senior Staff Members
I must say that I felt left alone. The senior teacher gave me nothing, I felt as if she was afraid that I might steal the crown… instead of being my role model and working with me, she worked parallel to me and showed no interest whenever I tried to get closer. Disappointed, I gave up.
She was terrific. She created a wonderful atmosphere; whenever I needed her, she was there for me, especially with advice, but also with lesson illustrations and assistance with school projects.
3.2.4. Positive Experiences That Increased Their Desire to Continue Teaching
The Three Generations Project that I initiated for the third grade classes was a great success. The principal flattered me in person, and publicly. Since then, I felt that the principal’s appreciation toward me increased. I was encouraged and my self-confidence and enthusiasm was high in the sky.
3.2.5. Negative Experiences Which May Discourage Persistence in the Teaching Profession
One of the moments that left me speechless was when the vice-principal approached me in the teachers’ room, touched my back and asked me in a friendly manner to upgrade Arielle’s grade from a C to an A since all her grades are A+, and "let’s try to help her feel good, and not spoil her fine report card"…she did not listen to my voice…the student was more important than my professional considerations!
3.2.6. Satisfaction from Teaching
The satisfaction from teaching arrived after several months, when I saw that my classes have good habits of arriving and leaving the lesson, when they know their warm-up routine, when they succeed even in practices that were new to them, such as skills in gymnastics, or navigating, or hip-hop. The most exciting feeling was when they stayed during the break and continued practicing the long jump.
3.2.7. Preparation for the Teaching Profession
When we enter school as student teachers we do not really know what is happening in the school. We are aware only of what is happening in the lesson of the class that we teach. I think that teacher preparation should include some preparation for the whole school as an organization.
3.2.8. Reasons for Dropping out of the Teaching Profession
One of the moments in which I realized that I am not considered important to anyone was during Parents’ Day. Parents approached all the teachers to discuss their children. I was the only teacher whom not even one parent approached. I felt like I was "left home alone"…and thought to myself – nobody really cares about this subject in school, why should I stay here?
3.3. Third Stage: In-Depth Interviews
3.3.1. Technical Components
- The number of hours and the teaching schedule proved important for the students’ level of satisfaction and future professional intentions. Two were pleased with what they expressed as a ’convenient schedule’, referring to an appropriate number of teaching hours, which allowed them time to invest in their studies. As one novice teacher reported,I really like the fact that I have free time in the afternoon; the holidays are really good.
The principal spoke with me about a 10-hour schedule, and suddenly I received a schedule with 22 hours, not including private hours and stay-at-school hours—from 22 it became 27.
They traumatized me. Even when they spoke with me about a one-third time position, the damage had already been done and I didn’t want to hear about it...
I think the main conclusion is that the scope of the position should be limited in the initial year of teaching, especially if we are still studying.
- 2.
- Teaching conditions, mainly facilities and equipment, was another important aspect mentioned by the interviewees. Novice teachers reported that schools in high socio-economic areas enjoyed good conditions, which positively affected their level of satisfaction with teaching and their intention to remain in the profession. One novice teacher was teaching at a school in an affluent neighborhood, and reported,The facilities are really good; there’s new equipment…there’s a new sports hall, three fields, a jumping pit… There are no cancellations because of the weather.
There are no facilities whatsoever—no storage room, no sports hall, no volleyball net, or elastic bands …there’s an unshaded soccer field. You stand a lot of hours out in the sun.
I decided not to give up, and instead of whining, to initiate and build my own equipment with the kids. Our storeroom became a place of recycling invented equipment: Empty bottles turned to colored weights, newspapers were turned into cylinders and rolls, cans were turned into shooting targets and balance-walking-crutches, square cutting-boards with wheels were used as scooters.
Many new buildings are under construction, there’s lots of noise, and you work outside under the sun in an unshaded asphalt field. It’s very difficult to concentrate as a teacher, and more so as pupils. Not only I but also the children suffer, having to cope with bulldozers being around, and with the burning sun.
- 3.
- Low salary. An important aspect that has a compelling influence on the novice teachers’ intention to persist in or drop out of the profession is the extremely low salary they receive. All the novice teachers, without exception, reported that they were unable to sustain their living on a teachers’ salary. They were required to take a second employment in order to meet their living expenses. As one novice teacher reported feeling after receiving his first paycheck,I ran around like crazy, and all that work for 2,000 shekels?Another student reported,…I didn’t know what salary to expect. At the end of the month I was shocked; it’s really embarrassing. There’s no way people can make a living from this kind of salary.
3.3.2. Emotional Components
- (1)
- A supportive school environment had a prominent positive influence on the teachers’ satisfaction and increased their intention to continue the following year. For example, one novice teacher reported:The teaching staff was very supportive. I’m happy to enter the teachers’ room; most are young, really nice people.Novice teachers also reported receiving support from the subject coordinator as well as from an attentive principal.
- (2)
- Positive relations formed with the children:The children are ’crazy about me’, I walk in school like a beauty queen. Children hug me, I have special ’high-fives’ with the girls in 5th grade…, they shower me with love…
- (3)
- Feedback from parents: One of the novice teachers reported that,There were parents waiting for me outside the school to tell me that their children talk about me at home, that they enjoy the lessons.
- (4)
- Feedback from colleagues:My colleagues approved my initiative and praised me during the staff committee. I felt that it was one of my biggest achievements this year.
…they don’t prepare you properly for being out in the field. I understand why they split classes, but teaching only 10 children does not prepare you for the reality in the field. Dealing with 35 pupils, dealing with teaching all day long without breaks...It’s like coming to a math test and finding questions on nuclear physics.
I’m trying to learn the system and how to deal with surprises. This week I had a situation that happens every once in a while: Suppose I have a 6th grade of boys and girls who need to be separated—the boys played soccer and the girls something else. Then 2nd grade pupils are working on preparations for a ceremony at the other end of the field. The theater teacher was absent so they brought a circus teacher who did juggling for them at the other end of the field!
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions and Implications
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Questionnaire (Stage 1)
- I was approached by the principal
- Recommendation by a teacher on the school staff
- I was referred by the supervisor
- A family's or friend's contact
- Independent search among schools?
- Social aspects (e.g., hostile attitude from the staff; discomfort in teachers' room)
- Emotional aspects (e.g., frustration with working with children; lack of satisfaction)
- not at all
- a little bit
- neutral
- a lot
- very much
- not at all
- a little bit
- neutral
- a lot
- very much
- not at all
- a little
- neutral
- somewhat
- a great deal
- nothing
- I am planning to consult with colleagues
- I am planning to take in-services courses/workshops/training days
- I am currently taking an in-services course
Appendix B. Follow-Up Telephone Interview (Stage 2)
- What happened?
- Who was involved (child/parent/staff/etc.)?
- In what way did the event/incident affect you and the others involved?
- How did you respond?
- In what way did it increase your desire to continue teaching?
- If it recurs, would you respond in a similar way?
- What happened?
- Who was involved (child/parent/staff/etc.)?
- In what way did the event/incident affect you and the others involved?
- How did you respond?
- In what way did it decrease your desire to continue teaching?
- If it recurs, how would you respond differently?
- Were there any specific events or incidents that led to this decision?
- Did anyone in the school staff play a role in this decision?
- Did anything in the school climate or environment play a role in this decision?
- Did any factors in your college training play a role in this decision?
- Were there any others involved? Please explain.
- Were there any specific events or incidents that led to this decision?
- Did anyone in the school staff play a role in this decision?
- Did anything in the school climate or environment play a role in this decision?
- Did any factors in your college training play a role in this decision?
- Were there any others involved? Please explain.
Appendix C. In-Depth Interview (Stage 3)
Are you satisfied with the allocation of hours and the subjects you are teaching? If you are teaching subjects other than physical education, what do you think of teaching them?
Explain in what way you were referred to the school where you are teaching. Describe the interview process. What issues were raised? What issues were not raised and in retrospect should have been raised? What were you promised? Were these promises kept?
Explain your working conditions at the school (facilities, assistance, program)
Please explain why. Have you had any particular positive or negative experiences with a particular age group?
Can you recognize the children's development in the subject? To what extent do you think you have an influence for the interest or motivation in the subject? Do you feel you are educating them beyond physical education?
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Female | Male | |
---|---|---|
School level of teaching positions | Elementary school (35%) | Elementary school (25%) |
Junior + high school (24%) | Junior + high school (17%) | |
Only high school (12%) | Only high school (42%) |
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Zach, S.; Dunsky, A.; Stein, H.; Litvin, O.; Hellerstein, D. Novice Physical Education Teachers in Israel: Facilitators and Barriers to Persistence in the Profession. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3830. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093830
Zach S, Dunsky A, Stein H, Litvin O, Hellerstein D. Novice Physical Education Teachers in Israel: Facilitators and Barriers to Persistence in the Profession. Sustainability. 2020; 12(9):3830. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093830
Chicago/Turabian StyleZach, Sima, Ayelet Dunsky, Hanan Stein, Olga Litvin, and Devora Hellerstein. 2020. "Novice Physical Education Teachers in Israel: Facilitators and Barriers to Persistence in the Profession" Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3830. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093830