The Influence of the Textural Characteristics of the Hierarchical Porous Carbons on the Removal of Lead and Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
Hierchcalcl Porous Carbons Synthesis
3. HPCs Characterization
4. Heavy Metals Removal Experiment
Chemicals and Instrumentation
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Heavy Metal Removal Results
5.2. Statistical Analysis and Response Surface Modelling
Fitted Models in Terms of Coded Factors
6. Effect of the Factors on the Removal of Cd2+ and Pb2+
7. Adsorption Isotherm
8. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factor | Coded Level | Values of Coded Levels | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Initial Conc. (mg/L) (A) | X1 | 10 | 55 | 100 |
Adsorbent Dosage (g/L) (B) | X2 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
pH (C) | X3 | 3 | 5 | 7 |
BET Surface Area [m2 g−1] | t-Plot Micropore [m2 g−1] | Mesopore Surface Area [m2 g−1] | Total Pore Volume [cm3 g−1] | Mesopore Volume [cm3 g−1] | Micropore Volume [cm3 g−1] | Average Mesopore Size [nm] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HPC412 | 747 | 100 | 647 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.05 | 6 |
HPC411 | 947 | 59 | 888 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 0.02 | 7 |
HPC1211 | 628 | 112 | 516 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.05 | 12 |
HPC1221 | 907 | 112 | 795 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 0.05 | 12 |
HPC2011 | 884 | 176 | 708 | 2 | 1.9 | 0.08 | 17 |
HPC2021 | 1037 | 72 | 965 | 3 | 2.9 | 0.03 | 17 |
Response Transformation | Std Devember | Mean | C.V% | R2 | Adj. R2 | Predicted R2 | Adequate Precision | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cd2+ | Natural Log | 0.0336 | 1.76 | 1.90 | 0.9989 | 0.9971 | 0.8721 | 24.0034 |
Pb2+ | Natural Log | 0.0525 | 2.68 | 1.96 | 0.9983 | 0.9955 | 0.7482 | 17.0026 |
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Baroud, T.N. The Influence of the Textural Characteristics of the Hierarchical Porous Carbons on the Removal of Lead and Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5790. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115790
Baroud TN. The Influence of the Textural Characteristics of the Hierarchical Porous Carbons on the Removal of Lead and Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution. Sustainability. 2021; 13(11):5790. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115790
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaroud, Turki N. 2021. "The Influence of the Textural Characteristics of the Hierarchical Porous Carbons on the Removal of Lead and Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution" Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5790. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115790