Fisheries: A Missing Link in Greenhouse Gas Emission Policies in South Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Bioeconomic Model: Surplus Production Model
2.2. Derivation of Maximum Economic Yield (MEY)
2.3. Data Sources
3. Results
3.1. Parameter Estimation
3.2. Yield and Fishing Effort at MEY, MSY, and OA
3.3. Emission Level and Emission Costs at MEY, MSY, and OA
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fishery | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Offshore Jigging | 221,175 | 223,756 | 199,844 | 206,680 | 222,175 | 210,922 | 249,063 |
Large Purse Seine | 239,876 | 222,328 | 224,998 | 226,142 | 229,785 | 229,089 | 232,883 |
Pair Trawl | 158,625 | 161,294 | 154,967 | 143,372 | 161,712 | 158,718 | 176,901 |
Offshore Trap | 124,873 | 125,136 | 124,076 | 129,318 | 137,557 | 144,895 | 158,559 |
Anchovy Tow Net | 131,686 | 149,992 | 143,519 | 138,560 | 149,202 | 137,061 | 152,108 |
Offshore Longline | 119,276 | 118,017 | 114,368 | 107,159 | 107,684 | 110,159 | 114,548 |
Large Trawl | 127,459 | 126,519 | 102,837 | 85,593 | 93,282 | 84,744 | 115,471 |
Data | Description | Source |
---|---|---|
Anchovy production | Total annual catch of ATNF and LPSF (2002–2018) | Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of Korea (Fisheries Info. Portal) |
Anchovy production revenue | Total annual production revenue (2016–2018) | Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of Korea (Fisheries Info. Portal) |
Fishing effort | Total annual horsepower (HP) of fishing vessels of ATNF and LPSF (2002–2018) | Department of Statistics of Korea (KOSIS) |
Emissions by ATNF and LPSF | Emission estimated by NIFS (2013–2015) | National Institute of Fisheries Science |
Fishing cost of ATNF and LPSF | Total annual fishing costs of ATNF (2016–2018) | National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives |
Emission permit price | Emission permit price in the Korean ETS (2018) | Korean Exchange (KRX) |
Parameter | Coefficient (ATNF) | Coefficient (LPSF) |
---|---|---|
a | 1.8627 (3.026) | 1.0962 (3.96) |
b | −6.345 × 10−6 (−1.99) | −2.449 × 10−6 (−1.90) |
c | 369.36 | 269.07 |
p | 1880.04 | 1395.80 |
E0 (2018) | EMEY | EMSY | EOA | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Y (MT) | 108,563 | 135,198 | 136,719 | 51,594 |
E (HP) | 209,119 | 131,308 | 146,789 | 262,616 |
Rent () (KRW 1000) | 126,862,470 | 205,679,125 | 202,820,004 | 0 |
Effort ratio (E/E0) | 1 | 0.62 | 0.70 | 1.25 |
Rent ratio () | 1 | 1.62 | 1.59 | 0 |
E0 (2018) | EMEY | EMSY | EOA | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Y (MT) | 120,067 | 118,894 | 122,687 | 71,122 |
E (HP) | 199,828 | 184,472 | 223,832 | 368,944 |
Rent () (KRW 1000) | 99,246,103 | 116,316,367 | 111,020,999 | 0 |
Effort ratio (E/E0) | 1 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 1.68 |
Rent ratio () | 1 | 1.17 | 1.11 | 0 |
Year | Total Emission (MT CO2 eq.) | Total Fishing Effort (HP) | Emission per Fishing Effort (MT CO2 eq./HP) |
---|---|---|---|
2013 | 149,202 | 193,064 | 0.77 |
2014 | 137,061 | 199,822 | 0.69 |
2015 | 152,108 | 199,822 | 0.78 |
Average | 146,124 | 195,755 | 0.75 |
Permit Price per MT CO2 eq. (KRW 1000/MT CO2 eq.) | |||
25.11 |
Year | Total Emission (MT CO2 eq.) | Total Fishing Effort (HP) | Emission per Fishing Effort (MT CO2 eq./HP) |
---|---|---|---|
2013 | 229,785 | 198,771 | 1.16 |
2014 | 229,089 | 197,688 | 1.16 |
2015 | 232,883 | 203,783 | 1.14 |
Average | 230,586 | 200,081 | 1.15 |
Permit Price per MT CO2 eq. (KRW 1000/MT CO2 eq.) | |||
25.11 |
E0 (2018) | EMEY | EMSY | EOA | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Emissions (MT CO2 eq.) | 156,839 | 98,481 | 110,092 | 196,962 |
Emission cost (KRW 1000) | 3,938,234 | 2,472,858 | 2,764,404 | 4,945,716 |
Emission savings (MT CO2 eq.) | - | 58,358 | 46,748 | −40,123 |
Emission cost savings (KRW 1000) | - | 1,465,376 | 1,173,830 | −1,007,482 |
E0 (2018) | EMEY | EMSY | EOA | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Emissions (MT CO2 eq.) | 229,802 | 212,143 | 257,407 | 424,286 |
Emission cost (KRW 1000) | 5,770,333 | 5,326,906 | 6,463,485 | 10,653,811 |
Emission savings (MT CO2 eq.) | - | 17,659 | −27,605 | −194,483 |
Emission cost savings (KRW 1000) | - | 443,428 | −693,152 | −4,883,478 |
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Kim, K.; Kim, D.-H.; Kim, Y. Fisheries: A Missing Link in Greenhouse Gas Emission Policies in South Korea. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5858. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115858
Kim K, Kim D-H, Kim Y. Fisheries: A Missing Link in Greenhouse Gas Emission Policies in South Korea. Sustainability. 2021; 13(11):5858. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115858
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Kyumin, Do-Hoon Kim, and Yeonghye Kim. 2021. "Fisheries: A Missing Link in Greenhouse Gas Emission Policies in South Korea" Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5858. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115858