Preliminary Assumptions for Identification of the Common Hamster (Cricetus cricetus) as a Service Provider in the Agricultural Ecosystem
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Identification of specific services provided by the common hamster in the agricultural ecosystem and the determination of their correlations with human welfare;
- Review of the methods that can be applied to the service valuation;
- Identification of the areas of knowledge in the field of hamster biology, which requires updating the current research to enable a detailed estimation of service values using available methods.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Classification of Services Provided by the Common Hamster
2.2. Literature Review
3. Results
3.1. Services Provided by the Common Hamster in the Agricultural Ecosystem
3.1.1. Provisioning Services
- Hamsters as a source of food for humans
- Skin trading
3.1.2. Supporting Services
- Biomass and population productivity
- Participation in organic matter production and improvement of physical and chemical properties of the arable layer in soil
- Participation in organic matter production
- 2.
- Improvement of physical and chemical properties of the arable layer in soil
- Importance for biodiversity
3.1.3. Regulating Services
- Weed control
- Reducing the density of animal species considered pests
3.1.4. Cultural Services
3.1.5. Ecosystem Dysfunction in Economic Terms
3.2. Review of the Methods Suggested for Valuation of Services Provided by the Common Hamster
3.3. A Need for Supplementing or Updating the Research on the Common Hamster
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Average Value of Parameter | Tunnel | Chamber of Summer Burrow | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Adult Male | Breeding Burrow | Young Hamster | ||
Diameter (d) | 7 cm | - | - | - |
Lenghts (l) | 390 cm | 27 | 38 | 23 |
Widths (w) | - | 23 | 21 | 17 |
Height (h) | - | 15 | 15 | 15 |
Volume equation | ||||
RESULT | 0.015 m3 | 0.009 m3 | 0.024 m3 | 0.005 m3 |
Kind of Service | Method | Value of Service | Description of Evaluated Object | Conditions Enabling the Service Valuation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Source of food and skin trading (1) | 1 | Price of product | Data on the historical value of skin or meat or on the value derived from the countries in which the hamster is still legally captured | |
Biomass (2) | 1 | Energy price | Energy taken by conversion of biomass into calorific values of tissue or on energy production volume in the population | |
2 | Price of fertilizers | Data on the volume of fertilizers, which are an alternative energy source necessary to ensure crop growth | r (CH) | |
Organic matter production (2) | 3 | Price that the consumer is ready to pay for arable crops | Data on the volume of arable crops from farmers involved in “hamster-friendly” management. Such agricultural practices favor both the maintenance of proper content of organic matter in the soil and the presence of hamsters | p (F), e (F) p (C), e (C) |
Improvement of physical and chemical properties of the arable layer in the soil (2) | 2 | Price of agrotechnical treatments | Data on the value of treatments necessary for soil aeration and scarifying (e.g., tillage or subsoiling). The service value provided by the hamster is increased by the fact that the service is realized at a deeper level than subsoiling can be performed | r (CH) |
3 | Price that the consumer is ready to pay for arable crops | Data on arable crops from the farmers involved in “hamster-friendly” management. Such agricultural practices favor reduced soil degradation and promote the occurrence of hamsters | p (F), e (F)) p (C), e (C) | |
Importance for biodiversity (2) | 4 | The amount of spared public funds | The common hamster is an umbrella or key species. The method requires the identification of protected species benefiting from the protection of the hamster, and then, the determination of the cost of actions aimed at the protection of each such species is compared to the cost of hamster protection | |
The costs of restoration of habitat or species | The value of service may be the cost of restoration of biodiversity or the cost of restoration of the hamster population in the natural environment, including the necessary habitat components | |||
5 | Price that the consumer is ready to pay for different variants of arable crops | Consumers can be asked for preferences concerning the products originating from the areas of various levels of biodiversity, ranking different variants by value, and specification of the amount they would be willing to pay for each scenario | p (C), e (C)) p (F) | |
6 | Price that the consumer is ready to pay for arable crops | The question may be asked on the price the consumers would be willing to pay for the products offered by the producers implementing sustainable development principles in their production process | p (C), e (C)) p (F) | |
Weed control and reducing the density of pests (3) | 1 | Prices of arable products not lost during the production process | Feeding hamsters with alternative food, i.e., weeds and crop pests, results in decreased losses by means of elimination of organisms negatively affecting the crops and by intake of substitute food instead of arable crops. Thus, revenue from agricultural production will be higher | r (CH)) r (F) |
2 | Prices of plant protection products | Knowing the impact rate of the hamster on populations of weeds and pests, an attempt to estimate the amount of rodenticides and herbicides necessary to eliminate the same quantity of organisms causing production losses may be made | r (CH) | |
5 | Price that the consumer is ready to pay for different variants of arable crops | A price that consumers are willing to pay for agricultural products originating from farms using plant protection products compared to farms that use lower quantities of the products or none at all (and in which the hamster is present) | p (C), e (C) | |
All cultural services (4) | 1 | Prices of products and services | Value of trips and necessary infrastructure (accommodation, catering), gadgets, and agricultural products from producer groups associated with the emblem of the hamster can be used | p (C)) p (F) |
4 | The amount of spared public funds | When creating the opportunity to establish private refuges for hamster protection, it may be estimated how much their functioning relieves public funds from investment in a national species protection program. The costs of the work of volunteers enrolling for hamster monitoring should be counted | p (F), e (F)) p (C), e (C) | |
7 | Price of travel costs | The price that service recipients are willing to pay for access to a specific site or how far they will travel to see a specific site (for example, the ecological site in Jaworzno or the locations of hamster monuments in the city) | p (C), e (C) | |
8 | Prices of construction plots | The prices for a construction plot in a landscape where the hamster occurs compared with the prices of plots of a similar standard and distance from a large city at which the hamster is not present and where intensive plant production is conducted | p (C)) p (F) |
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Hędrzak, M.J.; Badach, E.; Kornaś, S.A. Preliminary Assumptions for Identification of the Common Hamster (Cricetus cricetus) as a Service Provider in the Agricultural Ecosystem. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6793. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126793
Hędrzak MJ, Badach E, Kornaś SA. Preliminary Assumptions for Identification of the Common Hamster (Cricetus cricetus) as a Service Provider in the Agricultural Ecosystem. Sustainability. 2021; 13(12):6793. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126793
Chicago/Turabian StyleHędrzak, Magdalena Joanna, Elżbieta Badach, and Sławomir Adam Kornaś. 2021. "Preliminary Assumptions for Identification of the Common Hamster (Cricetus cricetus) as a Service Provider in the Agricultural Ecosystem" Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6793. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126793