Formulation and Prioritization of Sustainable New Product Design in Smart Glasses Development
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. New Product Development and Project Portfolio Management
2.2. Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approaches
2.3. Summary of the Literature Review
3. Methodology
3.1. Stage One: Project Portfolio Formulation
3.2. Stage Two: Project Portfolio Selection
4. Case Study
4.1. Overview of the Smart Glasses Market
4.2. Implementation and Data Collection of the Proposed Methodology for AR Smart Glassess
5. Results
5.1. Feature Ranking and Project Formulation of AR Smart Glasses
- Navigation (F1): This provides routing directions in real time by obtaining position data. Smart glasses allow digital objects, such as traffic signals, to be augmented on the glasses.
- Phone Calling (F2): This allows users to contact someone via a telephone network.
- Social Media and Messaging (F3): This refers to social media websites and applications, such as Facebook, Instagram, and MeWe. These allow users to widely share their opinions and engage with the public. Messaging services, such as Whatsapp, Wechat, and Line, allow users to send texts or other formats of content with friends/relatives anywhere and anytime.
- Live Streaming (F4): This refers to online streaming applications that record and broadcast simultaneously in real time, such as Twitch and Instagram, such that an audience can be reached online.
- Real-time Translation (F5): Multilingual technology allows users to record audio or typed texts for translation into other languages to establish an efficient way of communicating with foreign-language speakers.
- Prescription Lenses (F6): These are developed for users who have varying degrees of short-sightedness, long-sightedness, and astigmatism. Customization services for users with prescription lenses are provided for smart glasses by optical professionals.
- Gesture Control (F7): Hand-tracking sensors are embedded to capture the user’s hand gestures and control the devices.
- Voice Commands (F8): This allows users to control the smart glasses using voice only, which is a hands-free mode. With the help of built-in virtual assistants, such as Alexa and Siri, voice commands can be given to order smart glasses to perform specific tasks.
- Image, video, and audio recordings (F9): Each smart glass component has an embedded camera, which allows users to capture images and videos, as well as to record audio for entertainment.
- 3D Visualization (F10): Smart glasses are equipped to visualize three-dimensional (3D) objects such that users can watch and modify 3D objects smoothly in the smart glasses’ environment.
5.2. NPD Project Portfolio Selection of AR Smart Glasses
6. Discussion
6.1. Discussion on Smart Product Innovation
6.2. Research and Industrial Implications
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Attribute | Description |
---|---|
Name | NPD 1 |
Weight | Headset: ~88 g; computing unit: ~140 g; detachable controller: ~20 g |
Camera | 5MP RGB camera SLAM camera |
Optics | Birdbath |
CPU | Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 |
Display resolution | 1980 × 1020 |
Storage | 128 GB |
Video Playback | 1080 |
OS | Android OS |
RAM | 8 GB |
Battery Capacity | 7100 mAh |
Audio | Dual speakers Dual microphones |
Field of View | 52 degrees |
Degrees of Freedom (DoF) | Headset: 6DoF Controller: 3DoF |
Connectivity | USB Type-C |
Sensor | IMU 9-axis (accelerometer/gyroscope) Ambient light sensor Proximity sensor |
Attribute | Description |
---|---|
Name | NPD 2 |
Weight | ~98 g |
Camera | 5MP RGB camera 5MP IR detector camera |
Optics | LCoS optical engine |
Display resolution | 1280 × 720 with dual see-through display |
Video Playback | 1080 |
Audio | Built-in stereo speaker Built-in microphone |
Field of View (FOV) | 45 degrees |
Connectivity | USB-C (DisplayPort) |
Sensor | 3-axis gyroscope 3-axis accelerometer 3-axis magnetometer |
Attribute | Description |
---|---|
Name | NPD 3 |
Weight | ~80 g |
Camera | 8MP RGB camera |
Optics | Waveguide |
CPU | Qualcomm Snapdragon 870 |
Display resolution | 1920 × 1080 |
Storage | 128 GB |
Video Playback | 1080 |
OS | iOS and Android |
RAM | 8 GB |
Battery Capacity | 8000 mAh |
Audio | Microphones |
Field of View | 90 degrees |
Degrees of Freedom (DoF) | 6DoF |
Connectivity | USB Type-C |
Sensor | IMU 9-axis (accelerometer/magnetometer/gyroscope) Ambient light sensor Proximity sensor |
Attribute | Description |
---|---|
Name | NPD 4 |
Weight | ~500 g |
Camera | 8MP camera and eye tracking |
Optics | Waveguide |
CPU | Qualcomm Snapdragon 850 |
Display resolution | 2048 × 1080; 3D visualization |
Storage | 64 GB |
OS | Android |
Battery | 3 h of active use |
Audio | Microphones |
Field of View | 90 degrees |
Degrees of Freedom (DoF) | 6DoF |
Connectivity | WIFI, Bluetooth |
Sensor | Accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer Head tracking with cameras |
Attribute | Description |
---|---|
Name | NPD 5 |
Weight | ~40 g |
Camera | / |
Optics | Anti-blue light lenses |
CPU | / |
Display resolution | / |
Storage | / |
OS | iOS/Android |
Battery | 3 h of active use |
Audio | Whisper Audio with multi-microphones |
Field of View | / |
Degrees of Freedom (DoF) | / |
Connectivity | Bluetooth 5.0 BLE |
Sensor | 9-axis full motion sensors |
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Dimension | Description | Metrics to Be Considered |
---|---|---|
Reliability | The degree of yielding consistent supply chain performance to satisfy the market demand. |
|
Responsiveness | The degree of responding purposefully to requests and changes in the market. |
|
Agility | The degree of adjusting supply chain tactics and operations to address demand volatility. |
|
Cost | The degree of capital resources used in investment, transportation, procurement, production, and inventory. |
|
Assets | The degree of asset utilization in supply chain activities and asset liquidity for companies. |
|
Sustainability | The degree of environmental, social, and economic impacts throughout the whole product lifecycle. |
|
Linguistic Terms (Label) | Triangular Fuzzy Number |
---|---|
Very Low (VL) | (1, 1, 3) |
Low (L) | (1, 3, 5) |
Average (A) | (3, 5, 7) |
High (H) | (5, 7, 9) |
Very High (H) | (7, 9, 9) |
# | Gender | Age | Post Title | Work Duration in the Case Company (Years) |
---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | Male | 36–45 | Operation Director | 6 |
D2 | Male | 36–45 | Product Development Engineer | 2 |
D3 | Female | 36–45 | Project Manager | 0.2 |
D4 | Male | 36–45 | Electric Engineering Manager | 3 |
D5 | Male | 36–45 | Software Engineer | 4 |
D6 | Male | 36–45 | Product Development Engineer | 4 |
D7 | Female | 26–35 | Project Manager | 0.5 |
D8 | Male | 36–45 | Supply Chain Specialist | 1.5 |
D9 | Male | 26–35 | Product Structural Engineer | 2 |
Brand | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Features | A | B | C | D | E | F |
Navigation (F1) | O | O | O | √ | √ | O |
Phone Calling (F2) | O | O | O | √ | O | |
Social Media and Messaging (F3) | O | O | O | √ | √ | O |
Live Streaming (F4) | O | O | O | |||
Real-time Translation (F5) | O | √ | O | |||
Prescription Lenses (F6) | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ |
Gesture Control (F7) | O | O | ||||
Voice Commands (F8) | O | O | O | √ | √ | O |
Image, video and audio recordings (F9) | O | √ | √ | √ | O | |
3D Visualization (F10) | O | O | O |
Features | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | F7 | F8 | F9 | ||
Best-to-Others | D1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
D2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
D3 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 6 | |
D4 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 1 | |
D5 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 7 | |
D6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
D7 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
D8 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 7 | |
D9 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 2 | |
Others-to-Worst | D1 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 7 |
D2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 2 | |
D3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
D4 | 1 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | |
D5 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 2 | |
D6 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 9 | |
D7 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |
D8 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 7 | |
D9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
Dimensions in the SustainableSCOR Model | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | |
D1 | (7, 9, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (7, 9, 9) | (3, 5, 7) | (5, 7, 9) |
D2 | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (3, 5, 7) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) |
D3 | (7, 9, 9) | (7, 9, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (7, 9, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (7, 9, 9) |
D4 | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (3, 5, 7) | (3, 5, 7) | (3, 5, 7) | (3, 5, 7) |
D5 | (5, 7, 9) | (7, 9, 9) | (7, 9, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) |
D6 | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (3, 5, 7) | (3, 5, 7) | (5, 7, 9) |
D7 | (5, 7, 9) | (3, 5, 7) | (3, 5, 7) | (5, 7, 9) | (7, 9, 9) | (7, 9, 9) |
D8 | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) |
D9 | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (3, 5, 7) | (3, 5, 7) | (5, 7, 9) |
Average | (5, 7.4, 9) | (3, 7.2, 9) | (3, 6.8, 9) | (3, 6.6, 9) | (3, 6.3, 9) | (3, 7.2, 9) |
Dimensions in the SustainableSCOR Model | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | |
NPD 1 | (3, 6.78, 9) | (3, 6.78, 9) | (3, 6.56, 9) | (3, 6.56, 9) | (3, 6.56, 9) | (3, 6.78, 9) |
NPD 2 | (3, 7.22, 9) | (3, 7.22, 9) | (3, 7, 9) | (3, 6.78, 9) | (3, 7, 9) | (3, 7.44, 9) |
NPD 3 | (3, 7.22, 9) | (3, 6.78, 9) | (3, 7, 9) | (3, 6.78, 9) | (3, 6.56, 9) | (3, 7.22, 9) |
NPD 4 | (3, 7, 9) | (3, 7, 9) | (3, 7, 9) | (3, 6.33, 9) | (3, 6.78, 9) | (3, 7.22, 9) |
NPD 5 | (1, 5.89, 9) | (1, 6.11, 9) | (1, 6.33, 9) | (1, 6.33, 9) | (1, 6.11, 9) | (1, 6.56, 9) |
Rank | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
NPD 1 | 2.36 | 2.49 | 0.5134 | 4 |
NPD 2 | 1.16 | 3.16 | 0.7315 | 1 |
NPD 3 | 1.66 | 2.83 | 0.6303 | 3 |
NPD 4 | 1.55 | 2.93 | 0.6540 | 2 |
NPD 5 | 3.14 | 1.16 | 0.2698 | 5 |
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Lee, C.-K.-M.; Lui, L.; Tsang, Y.-P. Formulation and Prioritization of Sustainable New Product Design in Smart Glasses Development. Sustainability 2021, 13, 10323. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810323
Lee C-K-M, Lui L, Tsang Y-P. Formulation and Prioritization of Sustainable New Product Design in Smart Glasses Development. Sustainability. 2021; 13(18):10323. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810323
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Carman-Ka-Man, Lucas Lui, and Yung-Po Tsang. 2021. "Formulation and Prioritization of Sustainable New Product Design in Smart Glasses Development" Sustainability 13, no. 18: 10323. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810323