Aging Characteristics of Asphalt Binder under Strong Ultraviolet Irradiation in Northwest China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Materials
2.1.1. Base Asphalt
2.1.2. SBS Modified Asphalt
2.2. Indoor Accelerated UV Aging Test System
2.2.1. Light Source
2.2.2. Test Temperature
2.2.3. UV Irradiance
2.2.4. Test Time
2.2.5. Sample Preparation
2.3. Experimental Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Physical Properties
3.1.1. Penetration
3.1.2. Ductility
3.1.3. Softening Point
3.2. Rheological Properties
3.2.1. Dynamic Shear Rheological Test
3.2.2. Bending Beam Rheological Test
3.3. Full-Section Fracture Energy Test
3.4. Establishment of Asphalt UV Aging Evaluation System in Strong Radiation Area
3.4.1. Formulation of the Test Method
3.4.2. Determination of Technical Indicators and Technical Requirements
Establishment of the Dynamic Equation of Asphalt UV Aging
Proposal of Penetration
Proposal of Ductility
Full-Section Fracture Energy
Determination of Technical Indicators and Required Values
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The indoor accelerated UV aging test applied in this study was shown to be able to accurately simulate the aging evolution process of asphalt under UV light irradiation.
- (2)
- Long-term UV aging has more adverse effects on asphalt physical properties, rheological properties, and crack resistance than RTFOT and PAV aging, having the most significant impact on the low-temperature crack resistance of asphalt.
- (3)
- The 60/80 pen grade base asphalt was found to be unsuitable for asphalt pavement construction in northwest China. When the cumulative received UV radiation of the asphalt was 52,773 KJ/m2, the residual penetration, penetration attenuation rate at 25 °C, and the residual ductility of 80/100 pen grade base asphalt and SBS I-C modified asphalt were used as technical indicators.
- (4)
- The full-section fracture energy method was used as a supplementary evaluation method. When the conventional indicators meet the standard and the difference is small, an asphalt material with a large fracture energy density is preferred.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Technical Indicators | 90-1 | 90-2 | Requirements | 70-1 | Requirements | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Penetration (25 °C, 100 g, 5 s)/ (0.1 mm) | 88.4 | 80.2 | 80–100 | 70.1 | 60–80 | |
Ductility (5 cm/min, 10 °C)/cm | >100 | >100 | ≥30 | 56.9 | ≥25 | |
Softening point/°C | 46 | 51.1 | ≥44 | 46.9 | ≥45 | |
Density (25 °C)/(g/cm3) | 0.998 | 1.006 | — | 1.018 | — | |
Rotating film oven test (163 °C, 85 min) | Mass loss/% | −0.23 | 0.31 | ±0.8 | 0.26 | ±0.8 |
Residual penetration ratio/% | 77 | 70 | ≥57 | 70 | ≥61 | |
Residual ductility (10 °C)/cm | 32 | 22 | ≥8 | 11.8 | ≥6 |
Technical Indicators | SBS-1 | SBS-2 | Requirements | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Penetration (25 °C, 100 g, 5 s)/(0.1 mm) | 75 | 73.3 | 60–80 | |
Ductility (5 cm/min,10 °C)/cm | 65.5 | 66.7 | 55 | |
Softening point/°C | 59 | 37.1 | ≥30 | |
Density (25 °C)/(g/cm3) | 1.018 | 1.101 | — | |
Rotating film oven test (163 °C, 85 min) | Mass loss/% | −0.14 | 0.06 | ≤1 |
Residual penetration ratio/% | 79 | 72 | ≥60 | |
Residual ductility (10 °C)/cm | 37 | 26 | ≥20 |
Power/KW | Tube Length/mm | Electrode Spacing/mm | Tube Diameter/mm | Voltage/V |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 300 | 200 | 28 | 220 |
Outdoor Time/Month | Outdoor UV Irradiation Time/h | Indoor UV Irradiation Time/h |
---|---|---|
2 | 480 | 32 |
4 | 960 | 64 |
6 | 1440 | 96 |
8 | 1920 | 128 |
10 | 2400 | 160 |
12 | 2880 | 192 |
Asphalt Type | UV96h Penetration Attenuation Rate/% | Penetration/(0.1 mm) | |
---|---|---|---|
UV96h | UV192h | ||
90-1 | 48.3 | 45.7 | 36.1 |
90-2 | 55.5 | 35.7 | 28.3 |
70-1 | 62.6 | 26.2 | 19 |
SBS-1 | 37.7 | 46.7 | 41.1 |
SBS-2 | 43.2 | 41.6 | 34.2 |
Asphalt Type | Evaluation Index | m | n | Dynamic Aging Equation | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
90-1 | Penetration (25 °C, 0.1 mm) | 0.3038 | 0.0052 | Y(t) = 26.9/(1 − 0.6962 × 10−0.0053t) | 0.9987 |
Ductility (10 °C, cm) | −0.1135 | −0.0072 | Y(t) = −5.0/(1 − 1.1135 × 100.00727t) | 0.9989 | |
90-2 | Penetration (25 °C, 0.1 mm) | 0.2432 | 0.0049 | Y(t) = 19.5/(1 − 0.97568 × 10−0.004951t) | 0.9883 |
Ductility (10 °C, cm) | −0.0779 | −0.0069 | Y(t) = −8.0/(1 − 1.07794 × 101.07794t) | 0.9988 | |
70-1 | Penetration (25 °C, 0.1 mm) | 0.0663 | 0.0012 | Y(t) = 4.7/(1 − 0.9987 × 10−0.00122t) | 0.9963 |
Ductility (10 °C, cm) | — | — | — | — | |
SBS-1 | Penetration (25 °C, 0.1 mm) | 0.4821 | 0.0079 | Y(t) = 36.2/(1 − 0.992 × 10−0.00799t) | 0.9983 |
Ductility (5 °C, cm) | −0.0170 | −0.0002 | Y(t) = −1.0/(1 − 100.00024t) | 0.9959 | |
SBS-2 | Penetration (25 °C, 0.1 mm) | 0.4086 | 0.0078 | Y(t) = 30.0/(1 − 0.992 × 10−0.00783t) | 0.9997 |
Ductility (5 °C, cm) | 0.0277 | 0.0006 | Y(t) = 1.0/(1 − 0.9994 × 10−0.00064t) | 0.9959 |
Asphalt Type | Penetration Attenuation Rate/% | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
UV32h | UV64h | UV96h | UV192h | |
90-1 | 27.15 | 38.24 | 48.30 | 56.79 |
90-2 | 26.93 | 49.88 | 55.49 | 62.09 |
70-1 | 32.38 | 52.92 | 62.62 | 71.33 |
SBS-1 | 18.53 | 30.13 | 37.73 | 43.73 |
SBS-2 | 24.97 | 35.74 | 43.25 | 50.61 |
Technical Indicators | Requirements | Test Method |
---|---|---|
After RTFOT test | T0610 | |
Mass loss/% | ≤±0.8 | |
Residual penetration (25 °C)/(0.1 mm) | ≥57 | T0604 |
Residual ductility (10 °C)/cm | ≥8 | T0605 |
After accelerated indoor UV aging test | Section 2.2 | |
Mass loss/% | ≤±0.8 | |
Penetration attenuation index (25 °C)/% | ≥50 | T0604 |
Residual penetration (25 °C)/(0.1 mm) | ≥45 | |
Residual ductility (10 °C)/cm | ≥8 | T0605 |
Technical Indicators | Requirements | Test Method |
---|---|---|
After RTFOT test | T0610 | |
Mass loss/% | ≤±1 | |
Residual penetration (25 °C)/(0.1 mm) | ≥60 | T0604 |
Residual ductility (5 °C)/cm | ≥20 | T0605 |
After accelerated indoor UV aging test | Section 2.2 | |
Mass loss/% | ≤±1 | |
Penetration attenuation index (25 °C)/% | ≥50 | T0604 |
Residual penetration (25 °C)/(0.1 mm) | ≥40 | |
Residual ductility (5 °C)/cm | ≥20 | T0605 |
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Zou, L.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, B. Aging Characteristics of Asphalt Binder under Strong Ultraviolet Irradiation in Northwest China. Sustainability 2021, 13, 10753. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910753
Zou L, Zhang Y, Liu B. Aging Characteristics of Asphalt Binder under Strong Ultraviolet Irradiation in Northwest China. Sustainability. 2021; 13(19):10753. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910753
Chicago/Turabian StyleZou, Ling, Yan Zhang, and Bangyi Liu. 2021. "Aging Characteristics of Asphalt Binder under Strong Ultraviolet Irradiation in Northwest China" Sustainability 13, no. 19: 10753. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910753