Higher Physical Activity of School Personnel Is Related to More Positive Attitudes towards Children’s Physical Activity at School
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedures
2.3. Physical Activity Measurements
2.4. Questionnaire
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Physical Activity
4.2. Perceptions about Students’ PA
4.3. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Ethics Statement
References
- World Health Organization. Physical Activity. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity (accessed on 8 June 2021).
- Rezende, L.F.M.; Lopes, M.R.; Rey-López, J.P.; Matsudo, V.K.R.; Luiz, O.C. Sedentary behavior and health outcomes: An overview of systematic reviews. PLoS ONE 2014, 9, e105620. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, Y.S.; Park, Y.S.; Allegrante, J.P.; Marks, R.; Ok, H.; Cho, K.O.; Garber, C.E. Relationship between physical activity and general mental health. Prev. Med. 2012, 55, 458–463. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- World Health Organization. Who Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour: At a Glance; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2020; Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. [Google Scholar]
- Prince, S.A.; Elliot, C.G.; Scott, K.; Visintini, S.; Reed, J.L. Device-measured physical activity, sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic health and fitness across occupational groups: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2019, 16, 30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Akinbode, R.; Lam, K.B.H.; Ayres, J.G.; Sadhra, S. Voice disorders in Nigerian primary school teachers. Occup. Med. 2014, 64, 382–386. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Assuncao, A.Á.; Bassi, I.B.; Medeiros, A.M.; Rodrigues, C.S.; Gama, A.C.C. Occupational and individual risk factors for dysphonia in teachers. Occup. Med. 2012, 62, 553–559. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Delfino, L.D.; Tebar, W.R.; Tebar, F.C.S.; DE Souza, J.M.; Romanzini, M.; Fernandes, R.A.; Christofaro, D.G.D. Association between sedentary behavior, obesity and hypertension in public school teachers. Ind. Health 2020, 58, 345–353. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Moreno-Abril, O.; Luna-del-Castillo, J.D.; Fernández-Molina, C.; Jurado, D.; Gurpegui, M.; Lardelli-Claret, P.; Gálvez-Vargas, R. Factors associated with psychiatric morbidity in Spanish schoolteachers. Occup. Med. 2007, 57, 194–202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Yang, X.; Ge, C.; Hu, B.; Chi, T.; Wang, L. Relationship between quality of life and occupational stress among teachers. Public Health 2009, 123, 750–755. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Daneshmandi, H.; Choobineh, A.; Ghaem, H.; Karimi, M. Adverse effects of prolonged sitting behavior on the general health of office workers. J. Lifestyle Med. 2017, 7, 69–75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sheuch, K.; Haufe, E.; Seibt, R. Teacher’s health. Dtsch. Arztebl. Int. 2015, 112, 347–356. [Google Scholar]
- Baeriswyl, S.; Bratoljic, C.; Krause, A. How homeroom teachers cope with high demands: Effect of prolonging working hours on emotional exhaustion. J. Sch. Psychol. 2021, 85, 125–139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Brito, W.F.; dos Santos, C.L.; Marcolongo, A.A.; Campos, M.D.; Bocalini, D.S.; Antonio, E.L.; Silva Junior, J.A.; Tucci, P.J.F.; Serra, A.J. Physical activity levels in public school teachers. Rev. Saude Publica 2012, 46, 104–109. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Dias, D.F.; Loch, M.R.; Gonzalez, A.D.; de Andrade, S.M.; Mesas, A.E. Insufficient free-time physical activity and occupational factors in Brazilian public school teachers. Rev. Saude Publica 2017, 51, 68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Santos, M.C.S.; de Andrade, S.M.; Gonzalez, A.D.; Dias, D.F.; Mesas, A.E. Association between chronic pain and leisure time physical activity and sedentary behavior in schoolteachers. Behav. Med. 2018, 44, 335–343. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bogaert, I.; De Martelaer, K.; Deforche, B.; Clarys, P.; Zinzen, E. Associations between different types of physical activity and teacher’s perceived mental, physical and work-related health. BMC Public Health 2014, 14, 534. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Cheung, P.P.; Chow, B.C.; Parfitt, G. Using environmental stimuli in physical activity intervention for school teachers: A pilot study. Int Electron. J. Health Educ. 2008, 11, 47–56. [Google Scholar]
- Cheung, P.P.; Chow, B.C. Association of school teachers’ occupational and daily physical activity level in Hong Kong. Int. J. Sport Health Sci. 2012, 10, 23–29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carson, R.L.; Baumgartner, J.J.; Matthews, R.A.; Tsouloupas, C.N. Emotional exhaustion, absenteeism, and turnover intentions in childcare teachers. Examining the impact of physical activity behaviors. J. Health Psychol. 2010, 15, 905–914. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cooper, K.; Barton, G.C. An exploration of physical activity and wellbeing in university employees. Perspect. Public Health 2016, 136, 152–160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Mooses, K.; Vihalemm, T.; Uibu, M.; Mägi, K.; Korp, L.; Kalma, M.; Mäestu, E.; Kull, M. Developing a comprehensive school-based physical activity program with flexible design—from pilot to national program. BMC Public Health. 2021, 21, 92. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cole, K.; Waldrop, J.; D’Auria, J.; Garner, H. An integrative research review: Effective school-based childhood overweight interventions. J. Spec. Pediatr. Nurs. 2006, 11, 166–177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Eather, N.; Morgan, P.J.; Lubans, D.R. Social support from teachers mediates physical activity behavior change in children participating in the Fit-4-Fun intervention. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2013, 10, 68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Baranowski, T.; Perry, C.L.; Parcel, G.S. How individuals, environments, and health behavior interact. In Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice, 3rd ed.; Glanz, K., Rimer, B.K., Lewis, F.M., Eds.; Josset-Bass: San Francisco, CA, USA, 2002; pp. 165–184. [Google Scholar]
- Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium. Õpetajad ja Koolijuht. Töösuhted. Available online: https://www.hm.ee/et/tegevused/opetaja-ja-koolijuht/toosuhted (accessed on 8 June 2021). [Republic of Estonia Ministry of Education and Research. Teachers and School Leaders.].
- Haridussilm. Õpetajad. Available online: https://www.haridussilm.ee/ee/tasemeharidus/haridustootajad/opetajad (accessed on 8 June 2021). [The Estonian Portal for Education Statistics Portal Haridussilm].
- World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA 2013, 310, 2191–2194. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kantomaa, M.T.; Tikanmäki, M.; Kankaanpää, A.; Vääräsmäki, M.; Sipola-Leppänen, M.; Ekelund, U.; Hakonen, H.; Järvelin, M.R.; Kajantie, E.; Tammelin, T.H. Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time differ according to education level in young adults. PLoS ONE 2016, 11, e0158902. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Migueles, J.H.; Cadenas-Sanchez, C.; Rowlands, A.V.; Henriksson, P.; Shiroma, E.J.; Acosta, F.M.; Rodriguez-Ayllon, M.; Esteban-Cornejo, I.; Plaza-Florido, A.; Gil-Cosano, J.J.; et al. Comparability of accelerometer signal aggregation metrics across placements and dominant wrist cut points for the assessment of physical activity in adults. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 18235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peters, T.M.; Moore, S.C.; Xiang, Y.B.; Yang, G.; Shu, X.O.; Ekelund, U.; Ji, B.T.; Tan, Y.T.; Liu, D.K.; Schatzkin, A.; et al. Accelerometer-measured physical activity in Chinese adults. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2010, 38, 583–591. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Migueles, J.H.; Cadenas-Sanchez, C.; Ekelund, U.; Nyström, C.D.; Mora-Gonzalez, J.; Löf, M.; Labayen, I.; Ruiz, J.R.; Ortega, F.B. Accelerometer data collection and processing criteria to assess physical activity and other outcomes: A systematic review and practical considerations. Sports Med. 2017, 47, 1821–1845. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sõritsa, D.; Mäestu, E.; Nuut, M.; Mäestu, J.; Migueles, J.H.; Läänelaid, S.; Ehrenberg, A.; Sekavin, A.; Sõritsa, A.; Salumets, A.; et al. Maternal physical activity and sedentary behaviour before and during in vitro fertilization treatment: A longitudinal study exploring the associations with controlled ovarian stimulation and pregnancy outcomes. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2020, 37, 1869–1881. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Freedson, P.S.; Melanson, E.; Sirard, J. Calibration of the computer science and applications, Inc accelerometer. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1998, 30, 777–781. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kettner, S.; Kobel, S.; Fischbach, N.; Drenowatz, C.; Dreyhaupt, J.; Wirt, T.; Koch, B.; Steinacker, J.M. Objectively determined physical activity levels of primary school children in south-west Germany. BMC Public Health 2013, 13, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Clemes, S.A.; O’Connell, S.E.; Edwardson, C.L. Office workers’ objectively measured sedentary behavior and physical activity during and outside working hours. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 2014, 56, 298–303. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Keown, M.K.; Skeaff, C.M.; Perry, T.L.; Haszard, J.J.; Peddie, M.C. Device-measured sedentary behavior patterns in office-based university employees. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 2018, 60, 1150–1157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Reile, R.; Tekkel, M.; Veideman, T. Eesti Täiskasvanud Rahvastiku Tervisekäitumise Uuring 2018 (Health Behaviour Among Estonian Adult Population 2018); National Institute for Health Development: Tallin, Estionia, 2019.
- European Commission. Special Eurobarometer 472: Sport and Physical Activity Report; TNS Opinion & Aocial at the Request of the European Commission: Brussels, Belgium, 2017. [Google Scholar]
- Norwegian National Surveillance 2; 2014–2015 (Sedentary Time Assessed by IPAQ). Available online: https://new.globalphysicalactivityobservatory.com/New%20Country%20cards/Norway.pdf (accessed on 28 September 2021).
- Jefferis, B.J.; Sartini, C.; Ash, S.; Lennon, L.T.; Wannamethee, S.G.; Whincup, P.H. Validity of questionnaire-based assessment of sedentary behaviour and physical activity in a population-based cohort of older men; comparison with objectively measured physical activity data. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2016, 13, 14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Oviedo-Cavo, M.A.; Bueno-Antequera, J.; Munguia-Izquierdo, D. Measuring sedentary behavior during pregnancy: Comparison between self-reported and objectively measured. Matern. Child. Health J. 2018, 22, 968–977. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Brustio, P.R.; Moise, P.; Marasso, D.; Miglio, F.; Rainoldi, A.; Boccia, G. Feasibility of implementing an outdoor walking break in Italian middle schools. PLoS ONE 2018, 13, e0202091. [Google Scholar]
- Maykel, C.; Bray, M.; Rogers, H.J. A classroom-based physical activity intervention for elementary student on-task behavior. J. Appl. Sch. Psychol. 2018, 4, 259–274. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mavildi, M.F.; Drew, R.; Morgan, P.J.; Lubans, D.R.; Schmidt, M.; Riley, N. Effects of different types of classroom physical activity breaks on children’s on-task behaviour, academic achievement and cognition. Acta Pædiatrica 2020, 109, 158–165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
Female (n = 912) | Male (n = 118) | Total (n = 1030) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 45.6 (12.6) | 41.9 (12.6) * | 45.2 (12.7) |
Height (cm) | 167.2 (6.0) | 181.0 (6.7) * | 168.8 (7.5) |
Weight (kg) | 71.1 (14.0) | 86.7 (14.3) * | 72.9 (14.9) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 (4.8) | 26.5 (4.0) * | 25.5 (4.7) |
Variables | Teachers | Administration | Support Staff | Office Staff |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sedentary behaviour (min/day) | 591.8 (2.0) | 602.8 (5.6) | 582.9 (5.5) * | 589.6 (9.6) |
Light PA (min/day) | 215.0 (1.7) * | 202.4 (4.6) | 223.8 (4.6) * | 217.7 (7.9) |
Moderate PA (min/day) | 46.6 (0.8) | 48.7 (2.2) | 47.0 (2.2) | 46.8 (3.7) |
Vigorous PA (min/day) | 3.1 (0.2) | 2.5 (0.6) | 2.9 (0.6) | 2.3 (1.0) |
MVPA (min/day) | 49.7 (0.8) | 52.3 (2.4) | 49.8 (2.3) | 49.2 (4.1) |
Total PA (counts/min) | 361.9 (4.9) | 358.8 (13.6) | 369.4 (13.3) | 357.8 (23.2) |
Steps (day) | 8342 (99) | 8355 (274) | 8406 (273) | 8358 (472) |
Accelerometer wear time (min/day) | 857.7 (81.1) | 856.2 (71.6) | 845.4 (83.7) | 828.4 (69.2) † |
Variables | Teachers | Administration | Support Staff | Office Staff |
---|---|---|---|---|
Doing at least moderate intensity physical exercises for at least 30 min in leisure time | ||||
At least 4 times a week (%) | 18.7 | 17.3 | 16.0 | 14.7 |
2–3 times a week (%) | 36.4 | 37.8 | 35.8 | 35.3 |
Once a week (%) | 18.8 | 18.4 | 20.8 | 29.4 |
A few times a month or less (%) | 22.6 | 24.5 | 24.5 | 17.6 |
Cannot exercise due to injury or illness (%) | 3.5 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 2.9 |
How do you usually go to work? | ||||
Car (%) | 62.5 | 64.6 | 58.1 | 51.4 |
Public transport (%) | 11.7 | 6.3 | 12.4 | 14.3 |
Bicycle, scooter, skateboard (%) | 3.7 | 6.3 | 2.9 | 2.9 |
On foot (%) | 22.1 | 22.9 | 26.7 | 31.4 |
How do you usually go back home? | ||||
Car (%) | 59.6 | 61.1 | 54.0 | 54.3 |
Public transport (%) | 11.7 | 7.4 | 13.0 | 17.1 |
Bicycle, scooter, skateboard (%) | 4.1 | 5.3 | 3.0 | 2.9 |
On foot (%) | 24.6 | 26.3 | 30.0 | 25.7 |
Self-assessment of general health | ||||
Good/rather good (%) | 82.7 | 78.4 * | 86.7 | 61.8 *,† |
Cannot evaluate (%) | 0.7 | 4.1 * | 1.0 | 2.9 |
Bad/rather bad (%) | 16.6 | 17.5 | 12.4 | 35.3 *,† |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Lemberg, G.M.; Kull, M.; Mägi, K.; Tilga, H.; Mooses, K.; Mäestu, E. Higher Physical Activity of School Personnel Is Related to More Positive Attitudes towards Children’s Physical Activity at School. Sustainability 2021, 13, 10909. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910909
Lemberg GM, Kull M, Mägi K, Tilga H, Mooses K, Mäestu E. Higher Physical Activity of School Personnel Is Related to More Positive Attitudes towards Children’s Physical Activity at School. Sustainability. 2021; 13(19):10909. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910909
Chicago/Turabian StyleLemberg, Getter Marie, Merike Kull, Katrin Mägi, Henri Tilga, Kerli Mooses, and Evelin Mäestu. 2021. "Higher Physical Activity of School Personnel Is Related to More Positive Attitudes towards Children’s Physical Activity at School" Sustainability 13, no. 19: 10909. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910909
APA StyleLemberg, G. M., Kull, M., Mägi, K., Tilga, H., Mooses, K., & Mäestu, E. (2021). Higher Physical Activity of School Personnel Is Related to More Positive Attitudes towards Children’s Physical Activity at School. Sustainability, 13(19), 10909. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910909