4.1. Effectiveness Analysis of the Construction of Waste Classification Facilities
The questionnaire investigated the input of the subdistrict office, neighborhood committee and property company in waste classification in the residential area. The input data include infrastructure input, consumable input, publicity input, labor input and so on. The results show that in the annual increase in the total cost of waste classification, the subdistrict office bears the most, the neighborhood committee bears the least, and the property company bears the middle amount.
Among the new costs of waste classification, subsidies for community volunteers account for the highest proportion, and the second highest is the labor cost of residential properties. Publicity, facilities, subsidies for secondary classification, inspectors’ salaries, the purchase of green account services, trash cans, community supplies, subsidies for wet waste treatment equipment, and waste classification incentives all account for a relatively small proportion of the overall cost.
From
Table 1 and
Table 2, we can see that the integration of the urban sanitation system and the renewable resources system has basically achieved full coverage. The communities with integration points accounted for 97.1% of the total. The allocation of waste classification facilities in residential areas is the key point. In the investigated area, on average, 1.41 dustbin rooms have been built, 1.24 rebuilt, 2.05 fixed time placement sites have been built, 18.35 monitoring points for waste classification have been built, 1.85 wash basins have been built, 0.91 waste trucks have been added, and 22.65 new 240 L trash bins have been added, 3.47 new 120 L trash bins are added, and 5.88% of the communities had facilities for on-site wet waste disposal. It can be seen that at present, the construction of waste classification facilities in S city has basically been completed, which can guarantee the orderly operation of the waste classification system.
To sum up, hypothesis one passed the test. Waste classification input in S city promotes the construction of infrastructure.
4.2. Environmental Effectiveness Analysis
According to the current situation of waste classification in S city, this paper uses the amount of wet waste to evaluate the environmental effect. An important purpose of waste classification is the separation of dry and wet waste. The dry and wet separated waste can be screened and filtered at the transfer station, and then transported to the waste incineration plant for incineration. The separation of wet waste not only reduces the transport weight, but also ensures higher combustion efficiency in later incineration. This can improve the efficiency of the incineration landfill plant, and reduce the burden on the environment.
According to
Table 3, there is a significant positive correlation between the input of subdistrict offices and property companies and the amount of generated wet waste. It shows that the additional input of the subdistrict office and property companies due to waste classification has a significant positive impact on the separation of wet waste in residential areas. The increase in waste sorting input has promoted the separation of wet waste and improved the effectiveness of waste sorting in residential areas. Among them, the input of the subdistrict office, the number of households in the community and the type of housing in the community are significantly positively correlated with the amount of wet waste; in the input of the neighborhood committee and the input in other aspects are significantly positively related to the amount of wet waste; and the input of the property company, total property input, consumables input, labor input, waste sorting rewards, residential housing types, number of households, etc. are all significantly positively correlated with the amount of wet waste.
Therefore, from the perspective of the environmental effectiveness of waste classification, the newly added input in waste classification has a significant effect on the separation of wet waste. At present, the input in waste classification by subdistrict office, neighborhood committees and property companies are very effective. Therefore, hypothesis two passed the test.
4.3. Analysis of Social Acceptability
According to the survey, 76.47% of the property companies said that the management cost of the community increased due to waste classification, which means that the property company actively responded to the requirements of the “S City Waste Classification Management Regulations” and invested manpower and material resources in the classification of domestic waste in residential areas. An important link has been constructed in the waste classification system.
Judging from the results of the survey on waste classification by residents, the residents’ awareness rate concerning waste classification was 96.2%, the participation rate was 90.5%, and the rate of correct responses was 84.6%. This shows that the current waste classification system in S city has a high degree of residents’ participation, and the residents, as important participants, have promoted the realization of waste classification.
It can be seen from the survey results that S city has established a waste classification pattern led by the government and actively participated in by society, having been recognized and accepted by the residents. Therefore, hypothesis three passed the test.
4.4. Operation Sustainability Analysis
From
Figure 1, it can be obtained that the wages of inspection staff accounted for the highest proportion of costs, and other inputs due to waste classification, input in trash bins, waste classification incentives, publicity and training costs, and consumables accounted for a large proportion.
A stepwise regression analysis of the total input in the community property company and the waste classification input is as follows:
Total property input = −0.516 + 0.266 consumables input + 1.07 labor input + 0.687 publicity input + 2.025 incentives + 0.004 number of households in the community − 7.451 × 10−5 wet waste volume − 1.168 × 10−7 dry waste volume (linear regression R2 = 0.963).
According to
Table 4, after the ANOVA test, the equation is significant; thus, it can be seen that labor input and number of households in the community have an impact on property company inputs.
The correlation analysis between the residential area’s waste classification assessment score, the amount of wet waste, the amount of dry waste and the amount of recyclable waste and each type of input of the property company was then carried out. As
Table 5 and
Table 6 show, the results are as follows: the score is only positively correlated with the input of the property company in the trash room, while there is no correlation between other input and the score. The amount of wet waste is positively related to the input in monitoring, deodorizing hand sanitizer, electricity, water, waste classification publicity, waste classification training and other inputs.
From the perspective of the scoring system of the City Appearance and Environment Bureau, the score is only positively correlated with the input in the property company’s trash bin room. From the perspective of the environmental effectiveness of waste classification, the amount of wet waste is significantly positively correlated with many inputs of the property.
By stepwise regression analysis between the amount of wet waste and various inputs of the property, we can obtain:
Amount of wet waste = 886.808 + 0.012 Increase in cleaners’ salaries due to waste classification + 0.185 Input of hand sanitizer, deodorant and other consumables (linear regression R2 = 0.281)
According to
Table 7, by the ANOVA test, the equation is significant. There is a linear correlation between the amount of wet waste and the increase in cleaners’ salaries due to waste classification and the input of hand sanitizer, deodorant and consumables. Increasing the number of cleaners and ensuring the input of consumables such as hand sanitizer and deodorant can effectively increase the amount of wet waste generated in residential areas.
From the above analysis of the effectiveness of the property company’s investment, it can be seen that on the one hand, the marginal benefit of the current input on the improvement of the waste classification assessment score shows a decreasing trend; on the other hand, the property input has a significant role in promoting the separation of wet waste. Although the existing evaluation indicators focusing on facilities promote waste classification for a period of time, they have shown a marginal declining trend, and the promotion potential is limited. The targeted input of the property in the residential area is conducive to the separation of wet waste in the community and improves the effectiveness of waste classification. At present, only infrastructure and human input cannot promote the sustainable development of waste sorting. Under the condition of complete infrastructure and personnel support, the improvement of the waste classification effect in the future cannot only rely on government investment, but needs to be corrected by improving the autonomy of residents. Promoting the multiagent participation of property companies and residents can further improve the classification effect.
Therefore, for hypothesis four, we see that the marginal performance of the government’s input in the construction of classified facilities system decreases, but the input of property companies supported by residents is effective, which brings economies of scale. Therefore, the transformation of the government’s input pattern and the continuous support of the residents are the key factors for the sustainability of this pattern.