Options to Support Sustainable Trajectories in a Rural Landscape: Drivers, Rural Processes, and Local Perceptions in a Colombian Coffee-Growing Region
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.1.1. Description of the Study Area
2.1.2. A Brief History of Coffee Production in the Region
2.2. Data Collection and Analysis
2.2.1. Dynamics of Rural Processes and Their Drivers
2.2.2. Land Use and Coffee Farming in Guayabal de Síquima
2.2.3. Rural Processes and Local Options
3. Results
3.1. Rural Processes and Drivers
3.2. Land Use in Guayabal de Síquima
3.3. Coffee Farming in Guayabal de Síquima: Agricultural Census Data
3.4. Coffee Farming in Guayabal de Síquima: Interviews with Farmers
3.5. Current Rural Processes: Perceptions and Opportunities for Local Actors
4. Discussion
4.1. Dynamics of Rural Processes
4.2. Main Dynamics of Small-Scale Coffee Farmers
4.3. Potential Options to Improve Current Trajectories
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Village | Reported Area * | Share of Tot. Area ** | Agric. Area *** | Farms | Agric. Farms *** | Farms < 2 ha | Chicken Farms | Cattle Herd | Cattle Density |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | No. | % | % | No. | No. | No./ha GRASSLAND | |
Centro | 100 | 2 | 79 | 178 | 56 | 90 | 2 | 28 | 0.91 |
Chiniata | 89 | 10 | 99 | 199 | 93 | 55 | 1 | 294 | 1.78 |
El Trigo | 73 | 14 | 98 | 236 | 94 | 50 | 0 | 666 | 2.14 |
Manoa | 76 | 15 | 80 | 154 | 75 | 39 | 4 | 99 | 0.76 |
Mesitas | 77 | 4 | 79 | 297 | 49 | 83 | 11 | 172 | 3.64 |
Pajonal | 87 | 11 | 98 | 183 | 93 | 48 | 1 | 308 | 2.63 |
Picacho | 95 | 7 | 94 | 110 | 75 | 62 | 0 | 281 | 2.36 |
Pueblo Viejo | 94 | 16 | 90 | 340 | 70 | 64 | 6 | 195 | 0.80 |
Resguardo | 97 | 2 | 83 | 112 | 63 | 83 | 0 | 9 | 0.50 |
Robledal | 86 | 2 | 93 | 138 | 67 | 84 | 2 | 116 | 2.18 |
Torres | 88 | 11 | 96 | 133 | 91 | 59 | 1 | 6 | 0.12 |
Trinidad | 43 | 4 | 93 | 98 | 83 | 69 | 5 | 69 | 1.44 |
Total | 81 | 98 | 91 | 2178 | 75 | 63 | 33 | 2243 | 1.68 |
Village | Coffee Farmers | Farmers > 60 yrs * | Farms < 2 ha | Fam Labour > 50% | Coffee > 75% Area | Coffee Associated | Chickens | Pork and Cattle | Drought Problems |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
Centro | 32 | 58 | 88 | 53 | 63 | 72 | 13 | 16 | 13 |
Chiniata | 56 | 19 | 63 | 46 | 80 | 93 | 5 | 20 | 36 |
El Trigo | 12 | 67 | 42 | 50 | 75 | 100 | 42 | 42 | 17 |
Manoa | 34 | 57 | 44 | 15 | 91 | 91 | 18 | 18 | 35 |
Mesitas | 72 | 46 | 89 | 65 | 76 | 58 | 14 | 17 | 28 |
Pajonal | 57 | 34 | 39 | 44 | 61 | 68 | 18 | 32 | 40 |
Picacho | 29 | 64 | 76 | 45 | 83 | 76 | 14 | 28 | 38 |
Pueblo Viejo | 113 | 46 | 66 | 42 | 81 | 76 | 19 | 14 | 48 |
Resguardo | 37 | 44 | 78 | 51 | 89 | 81 | 5 | 11 | 43 |
Robledal | 37 | 67 | 86 | 62 | 78 | 73 | 8 | 5 | 35 |
Torres | 14 | 14 | 57 | 7 | 50 | 93 | 14 | 0 | 14 |
Trinidad | 26 | 64 | 73 | 62 | 73 | 96 | 31 | 35 | 38 |
Total | 519 | 47 | 68 | 47 | 77 | 77 | 15 | 18 | 36 |
Variable | Unit | Categories | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Local Coffee Farmers | Migrant Coffee Farmers | Former Coffee Farmers | ||
Interviewees | No. | 11 | 6 | 6 |
More than 60 years old | % | 55 | 50 | 33 |
Household members | people | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 1.5 | 2.7 ± 1.2 |
Farm size | ha | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 3.5 ± 1.8 | 4.4 ± 2.7 * |
With off-farm income | % | 46 | 100 | 83 |
Amount of food produced on farm | % | 40 | 24 | 36 * |
Purchasing goods in city | % | 90 | 100 | n.a. |
Poultry production | % | 55 | 83 | 83 |
Technical support | % | 27 | 17 | n.a. |
Member of the FNCC | % | 73 | 33 | n.a. |
Coffee area | % area | 64 ± 28 | 49 ± 22 | 50 ± 28 |
Coffee income | % income | 37 ± 30 | 18 ± 10 | n.a. |
Organic production | % | 18 | 50 | n.a. |
Improved varieties | % | 90 | 67 | n.a. |
Shaded coffee | % area | 79 ± 34 | 58 ± 49 | n.a. |
Direct coffee selling | % | 45 | 50 | n.a. |
Part unprocessed selling | % | 36 | 33 | n.a. |
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Valbuena, D.; Chenet, J.G.; Gaitán-Cremaschi, D. Options to Support Sustainable Trajectories in a Rural Landscape: Drivers, Rural Processes, and Local Perceptions in a Colombian Coffee-Growing Region. Sustainability 2021, 13, 13026. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313026
Valbuena D, Chenet JG, Gaitán-Cremaschi D. Options to Support Sustainable Trajectories in a Rural Landscape: Drivers, Rural Processes, and Local Perceptions in a Colombian Coffee-Growing Region. Sustainability. 2021; 13(23):13026. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313026
Chicago/Turabian StyleValbuena, Diego, Julien G. Chenet, and Daniel Gaitán-Cremaschi. 2021. "Options to Support Sustainable Trajectories in a Rural Landscape: Drivers, Rural Processes, and Local Perceptions in a Colombian Coffee-Growing Region" Sustainability 13, no. 23: 13026. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313026