Spatial Differentiation of Non-Grain Production on Cultivated Land and Its Driving Factors in Coastal China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Concept Definition and Research Framework
2.1.1. Concept Definitions
2.1.2. Research Framework
2.2. The Study Area, Variable Selection and Data Processing
2.2.1. The Study Area
2.2.2. Selection of Variables
2.2.3. Data Source
2.3. Research Method
2.3.1. Spatial Auto-Correlation Analysis Method
2.3.2. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Linear Regression Analysis
2.3.3. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR)
3. Results
3.1. Overall Pattern of NGP in Coastal China
3.2. Spatial Distribution of NGP in Coastal China and Its Differentiation Characteristics
3.3. Main Driving Factors of NGP in Coastal China and Regional Differentiation
3.3.1. Main Driving Factors of NGP in Coastal China
3.3.2. Spatial Heterogeneity of the Driving Factors of NGP in Coastal China
4. Discussion
4.1. Analysis of the Causes of NGP and Regional Differentiation in Coastal China
4.2. The Potential Impact of NGP on China’s Food Security
4.3. How to Effectively Control NGP in Coastal China
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Indexes | Factors | Unit | Label | Indexes | Factors | Unit | Label |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Economic indexes | Per capita GDP | CNY | x1 | Social indexes | Agricultural machinery power | 104 kW | x8 |
Actual use foreign investment | 106 $ | x2 | Urban population | per | x9 | ||
Urban-to-rural disposable income ratio | / | x3 | Rural population | per | x10 | ||
Resource endowment | >10 °C accumulated temperature | °C | x4 | Rural labor force | per | x11 | |
Slope | % | x5 | Urbanization rate | % | x12 | ||
Grain-sowing area | hm2 | x6 | Policy indexes | Land transfer area | hm2 | x13 | |
Cultivated area per rural labor | hm2/per | x7 | Agricultural cooperatives number | Number | x14 |
Explanatory Variable | Coefficient | Standard Error | t | Sig. F | Collinearity Statistics | Importance-Based Rank | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tolerance | VIF | Contribution Degree | Ranking | |||||
Interception | 6.786 | 2.114 | 3.210 | 0.002 ** | ||||
x1 | 0.239 | 0.089 | 3.293 | 0.001 *** | 0.326 | 1.767 | 0.182 | 2 |
x2 | 0.248 | 0.492 | 1.569 | 0.077 * | 0.189 | 5.295 | 0.069 | 6 |
x3 | 0.373 | 0.092 | 4.643 | 0.000 *** | 0.221 | 2.532 | 0.301 | 1 |
x8 | 0.284 | 0.176 | 1.781 | 0.072 * | 0.171 | 3.29 | 0.076 | 5 |
x11 | 0.129 | 0.175 | 3.215 | 0.001 *** | 0.302 | 3.267 | 0.172 | 3 |
x12 | −1.134 | 0.538 | −2.107 | 0.035 ** | 0.414 | 2.255 | 0.028 | 7 |
x13 | 0.356 | 0.368 | 1.987 | 0.059 * | 0.218 | 2.412 | 0.109 | 4 |
OLS diagnosis | Joint F-value | 0.0000 *** | ||||||
Joint Chi-square value | 212.4581, 0.0000 *** |
Model | AICc | Goodness of Fit (R2) | Adjusted Goodness of Fit (R2) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
OLS | 222.326 | 0.714 | 0.704 | 0 |
GWR | 138.266 | 0.905 | 0.872 | 0 |
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Sun, Y.; Chang, Y.; Liu, J.; Ge, X.; Liu, G.-J.; Chen, F. Spatial Differentiation of Non-Grain Production on Cultivated Land and Its Driving Factors in Coastal China. Sustainability 2021, 13, 13064. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313064
Sun Y, Chang Y, Liu J, Ge X, Liu G-J, Chen F. Spatial Differentiation of Non-Grain Production on Cultivated Land and Its Driving Factors in Coastal China. Sustainability. 2021; 13(23):13064. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313064
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Yan, Yuanyuan Chang, Junna Liu, Xiaoping Ge, Gang-Jun Liu, and Fu Chen. 2021. "Spatial Differentiation of Non-Grain Production on Cultivated Land and Its Driving Factors in Coastal China" Sustainability 13, no. 23: 13064. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313064