A Vertical Joint Spacing Calculation Method for UDEC Modeling of Large-Scale Strata and Its Influence on Mining-Induced Surface Subsidence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. General Description
2.2. Determining VJS Based on the Key Stratum Theory
2.3. VJS Setting Based on the “Three-Zones” Theory
3. Engineering Background and UDEC Models
3.1. Modeling Prototype and Field Subsidence Observation
3.2. UDEC Models and Setup
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Influence of VJS on Maximum Surface Subsidence
4.2. Influence of the Proposed Method on MSS
4.3. Influence of “Three-Zones” Theory on MSS
5. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Lithology | Thickness (m) | No. | Lithology | Thickness (m) | No. | Lithology | Thickness (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Quaternary | 97.9 | 15 | Mudstone | 34.4 | 29 | Sandy Mudstone | 34.4 |
2 | Fine Sandstone | 33.9 | 16 | Siltstone | 9.6 | 30 | Siltstone | 9.6 |
3 | M-G Sandstone | 40.9 | 17 | Sandy Mudstone | 10.4 | 31 | Fine Sandstone | 10.4 |
4 | Fine Sandstone | 22.2 | 18 | Siltstone | 12.0 | 32 | Siltstone | 12.0 |
5 | C-G Sandstone | 40.6 | 19 | M-G Sandstone | 13.6 | 33 | Fine Sandstone | 13.6 |
6 | M-G Sandstone | 36.7 | 20 | Siltstone | 18.3 | 34 | M-G Sandstone | 18.3 |
7 | Fine Sandstone | 18.2 | 21 | Siltstone | 11.0 | 35 | C-G Sandstone | 11.0 |
8 | C-G Sandstone | 21.0 | 22 | Sandy Mudstone | 8.9 | 36 | Mudstone | 8.9 |
9 | Fine Sandstone | 11.0 | 23 | Fine Sandstone | 13.9 | 37 | Sandy Mudstone | 13.9 |
10 | Fine Sandstone | 27.4 | 24 | C-G Sandstone | 5.2 | 38 | Siltstone | 5.2 |
11 | M-G Sandstone | 36.4 | 25 | Sandy Mudstone | 6.9 | 39 | Coal | 6.9 |
12 | C-G Sandstone | 13.7 | 26 | Sandy Mudstone | 40.0 | 40 | Floor | 40.0 |
13 | Mudstone | 5.2 | 27 | Siltstone | 34.4 | |||
14 | Sandy Mudstone | 13.0 | 28 | M-G Sandstone | 9.6 |
No. | Lithology | Thickness (m) | No. | Lithology | Thickness (m) | No. | Lithology | Thickness (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Quaternary | 95.7 | 13 | Fine Sandstone | 5.2 | 25 | Fine Sandstone | 9.4 |
2 | Fine Sandstone | 54.0 | 14 | Sandy Mudstone | 9.6 | 26 | Sandy Mudstone | 36.9 |
3 | M-G Sandstone | 17.5 | 15 | Fine Sandstone | 8.2 | 27 | Sandy Mudstone | 23.8 |
4 | Fine Sandstone | 40.6 | 16 | Siltstone | 21.1 | 28 | Fine Sandstone | 9.8 |
5 | Siltstone | 13.4 | 17 | Sandy Mudstone | 8.7 | 29 | Siltstone | 26.6 |
6 | Fine Sandstone | 32.2 | 18 | Fine Sandstone | 10.0 | 30 | Sandy Mudstone | 7.5 |
7 | M-G Sandstone | 27.7 | 19 | M-G Sandstone | 5.0 | 31 | M-G Sandstone | 19.4 |
8 | Siltstone | 12.4 | 20 | Sandy Mudstone | 12.1 | 32 | Siltstone | 14.9 |
9 | Fine Sandstone | 64.3 | 21 | Sandy Mudstone | 7.7 | 33 | Coal | 6.1 |
10 | M-G Sandstone | 20.1 | 22 | Sandy Mudstone | 11.5 | 34 | Floor | 44.1 |
11 | Fine Sandstone | 42.0 | 23 | M-G Sandstone | 9.9 | |||
12 | Sandy Mudstone | 8.8 | 24 | Sandy Mudstone | 10.1 |
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Gong, Y.; Guo, G.; Zhang, G.; Guo, K.; Du, Q.; Wang, L. A Vertical Joint Spacing Calculation Method for UDEC Modeling of Large-Scale Strata and Its Influence on Mining-Induced Surface Subsidence. Sustainability 2021, 13, 13313. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313313
Gong Y, Guo G, Zhang G, Guo K, Du Q, Wang L. A Vertical Joint Spacing Calculation Method for UDEC Modeling of Large-Scale Strata and Its Influence on Mining-Induced Surface Subsidence. Sustainability. 2021; 13(23):13313. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313313
Chicago/Turabian StyleGong, Yaqiang, Guangli Guo, Guojian Zhang, Kaikai Guo, Qiu Du, and Liping Wang. 2021. "A Vertical Joint Spacing Calculation Method for UDEC Modeling of Large-Scale Strata and Its Influence on Mining-Induced Surface Subsidence" Sustainability 13, no. 23: 13313. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313313