DAHP–TOPSIS-Based Channel Decision Model for Co-Operative CR-Enabled Internet on Vehicle (CR-IoV)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Vehicular Communication Standards Currently in Use
1.2. Dedicated Short-Range Communication
1.3. CR-VANET
2. Related Works
2.1. Existing DSRC-Based VANET
2.1.1. Different Vehicular Communication Scenarios Using OpenFlow SDN Controller
2.1.2. Mathematical Model for Physical Layer OFDM
3. Spectrum Management for CR-VANET Using MCDM
3.1. Co-Operative Spectrum Management in CR-VANET
3.2. Channel Decision Based on Channel Ranking
Algorithm 1: TOPSIS algorithm |
C—Evaluation criteria, C = {c1, c2,…cm} M—No. of criteria’s involved n—No. of alternatives Vij—Ai value with respective channel Cj Wm—weight’s derived of ‘m’ criteria’s, 0 ≤ Wm ≤ 1 Dmat—decision matrix quanitative Ψ—matrix for normalized decision Dmat, 0 ≤ Vij ≤ 1 Ω—Weighted decision matrix Dmat, 0 ≤ Vij ≤ 1 —TOPSIS alternative weights |
Stage-1: |
i. Data matrix for quantitative normalization |
Let, DataMatrix = [Vij]m×n |
Ψ = |
if (C’s objective is benefit) |
Or (C’s cost objective) |
End ii. Calculation of weighted |
Stage-2: |
iii. Positive Ideal Solutions |
PIS(j*) = Max(Ωij*), where i = 1,2, …n, j = 1,2, …m,
|
Negative Ideal Solutions
NIS(j*) = Min(Ωij*), where i = 1,2,3,…n, j = 1,2,3,…m,
|
iv. Positive Ideal matrix
|
Negative Ideal matrix
|
v. Calculating weight of alternatives
—rowSum of Positive idle matrix as in Equation (11) —rowSum of Negative idle matrix as in Equation (12) |
3.2.1. DAHP Data Services Implementation Procedure
3.2.2. Qualitative Analysis for AHP
- Matrix Z for Comp_Rating;
- Z2 for Square matric calculation;
- Search SumR (Sum of Row) (normalized).
Algorithm 2: DAHP algorithm |
n: Channels required for sensing |
m: No. of deciding factors |
m!: Total possible order of deciding factors |
k: filtered deciding factors |
q: rounds required for training |
Where, q—restricted based on sensing vehicle limitation || ranges between 1 to (m!-k) |
Stage I. Fix_Factors_weight |
If: CR-vehicle data services (video/audio/text) |
PR_activity: poisson_rnd( ) |
{ Min: 0.2 to max: 0.6 } |
Train_rounds DAHP: (T = 1, T < q, T++) { |
Intialize { |
Saaty_levels (F): 1 to 9; |
req_factors(m);} |
Build matrix ‘Z’ from m: x: m; |
Assign performance_factors_for_Rating (1 to m); { |
Comp (Fmx, Fmx+1), 1 ≤ x < m; |
Z[i][j] = (Fmx/Fmx+1); } |
Calculate_sumof_row: ; |
Until(values(small)(Norm(rSumR(i))) { |
Normalized sumof_row: ; } |
End |
Consistency checking: |
Order_priority(performance_factors):max→ min(Normal(SumR(i)); |
Ratio of consistency: CR = CI/RI; //decision for validation |
If CR is less than 0.10: Decision towards Consistent |
Else: Decision towards In-Consistent |
, (RI)((2:10) m → from 0 till 1.51) |
γmax = . Normal_SumC[j]T |
End |
II. Finding Priority order of parameters: |
channel_wgt → Row_Sum(SumR); //Decision model for channel |
TOPSIS-I for CCRN fit model |
Best outcomes Initialization: |
Let, BestComp(n) → n channels for Best Computation time |
WFRatio(n) → n channels for Worst fault ratio |
BestRelativeSD(n) → n samples for Best relative standard deviation |
BAT(n) → n channels for best throughput |
If (BestComp(n) > comp_time(t)) |
BestComp(n) = comp_time(t); |
3.2.3. Calculation of Normalized Row Sum
3.3. TOPSIS Channel Ranking
TOPSIS with DAHP for Providing Qualitative Data Service
4. Performance Evaluation of DAHP–TOPSIS
4.1. Performance Analysis by Calculating Computation Time
4.2. Handoff Analysis in the Proposed DAHP–TOPSIS
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rating for Parameter | Easy/Same | Normal | Moderate | Maximum | Extra Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comparison | 1 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 |
Video | rmax > BW > Snoise > CDF > PLR > Psig |
Text | PLR > Snoise > Psig > CDF > BW > rmax |
Voice | Snoise > Psig > BW > PLR > CDF > rmax |
CDF | BW | PLR | Psig | Snoise | rmax | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CDF | 5/5 | 5/3 | 5/9 | 5/6 | 5/7 | 5/2 |
BW | 3/5 | 3/3 | 3/9 | 3/6 | 3/7 | 3/2 |
PLR | 9/5 | 9/3 | 9/9 | 9/6 | 9/7 | 9/2 |
Psig | 6/5 | 6/3 | 6/9 | 6/6 | 6/7 | 6/2 |
Snoise | 7/5 | 7/3 | 7/9 | 7/6 | 7/7 | 7/2 |
rmax | 2/5 | 2/3 | 2/9 | 2/6 | 2/7 | 2/2 |
6.00 | 10.00 | 3.33 | 5.00 | 4.29 | 15.00 |
3.60 | 6.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 2.57 | 9.00 |
10.80 | 18.00 | 6.00 | 9.00 | 7.71 | 27.00 |
7.20 | 12.00 | 4.00 | 6.00 | 5.14 | 18.00 |
8.40 | 14.00 | 4.67 | 7.00 | 6.00 | 21.00 |
2.40 | 4.00 | 1.33 | 2.00 | 1.71 | 6.00 |
43.62 |
26.17 |
78.51 |
52.34 |
61.07 |
17.45 |
Channel Deciding Factor (%) | 0.15625 |
Bandwidth in MHz | 0.09375 |
Packet loss ratio in % | 0.28125 |
Signal power in dBm | 0.1875 |
Signal-to-noise ratio in dB | 0.21875 |
Maximum rate in bits per sec | 0.0625 |
Service | Text | Audio | Video |
---|---|---|---|
Consistency Index (CI) | (0.008333333) | −1.15944 | 0.008333333 |
CRAT | (0.006944444) | −0.9662 | 0.006944444 |
Text | Audio | Video | |
---|---|---|---|
CDF | 0.15625 | 0.0960975 | 0.15625 |
BW | 0.09375 | 0.1870143 | 0.21875 |
PLR | 0.28125 | 0.1558453 | 0.09375 |
Psig | 0.1875 | 0.2181834 | 0.0625 |
Snoise | 0.21875 | 0.2805215 | 0.1875 |
rmax | 0.0625 | 0.0623381 | 0.28125 |
CH | CDF | BW | PLR | Psig | Snoise | rmax |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.3 | 40 | 13 | −129 | 14 | 114 |
2 | 0.4 | 40 | 17 | −129 | 11 | 118 |
3 | 0.4 | 40 | 6 | −128 | 31 | 123 |
4 | 0.41 | 40 | 20 | −128 | 35 | 130 |
5 | 0.45 | 20 | 26 | −128 | 22 | 133 |
6 | 0.45 | 20 | 28 | −125 | 41 | 148 |
7 | 0.5 | 20 | 23 | −125 | 12 | 155 |
8 | 0.5 | 20 | 17 | −122 | 25 | 45 |
9 | 0.5 | 20 | 5 | −120 | 18 | 59 |
10 | 0.51 | 20 | 16 | −114 | 12 | 66 |
11 | 0.53 | 20 | 32 | −112 | 32 | 85 |
12 | 0.67 | 20 | 18 | −107 | 38 | 95 |
13 | 0.7 | 20 | 15 | −107 | 12 | 101 |
14 | 0.7 | 20 | 22 | −107 | 22 | 107 |
15 | 0.75 | 20 | 10 | −106 | 26 | 155 |
16 | 0.76 | 20 | 21 | −105 | 13 | 156 |
17 | 0.78 | 20 | 12 | −97 | 21 | 163 |
18 | 0.8 | 20 | 10 | −92 | 26 | 172 |
19 | 0.81 | 10 | 5 | −88 | 28 | 179 |
20 | 0.91 | 10 | 10 | −80 | 45 | 193 |
0.15625 | 0.09375 | 0.28125 | 0.1875 | 0.21875 | 0.0625 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CDF | BW | PLR | Psig | Snoise | rmax | |
c1 | 0.017031 | 0.033951 | 0.050789 | −0.0355 | 0.026096 | 0.012146 |
c2 | 0.022707 | 0.033951 | 0.038838 | −0.0355 | 0.020504 | 0.012572 |
c3 | 0.022707 | 0.033951 | 0.110042 | −0.03578 | 0.057784 | 0.013105 |
c4 | 0.023275 | 0.033951 | 0.033013 | −0.03578 | 0.065241 | 0.01385 |
c5 | 0.025546 | 0.016975 | 0.025394 | −0.03578 | 0.041008 | 0.01417 |
c6 | 0.025546 | 0.016975 | 0.023581 | −0.03664 | 0.076425 | 0.015768 |
c7 | 0.028384 | 0.016975 | 0.028707 | −0.03664 | 0.022368 | 0.016514 |
c8 | 0.028384 | 0.016975 | 0.038838 | −0.03754 | 0.0466 | 0.004794 |
c9 | 0.028384 | 0.016975 | 0.132051 | −0.03817 | 0.033552 | 0.006286 |
c10 | 0.028952 | 0.016975 | 0.041266 | −0.04017 | 0.022368 | 0.007032 |
c11 | 0.030087 | 0.016975 | 0.020633 | −0.04089 | 0.059649 | 0.009056 |
c12 | 0.038035 | 0.016975 | 0.036681 | −0.0428 | 0.070833 | 0.010121 |
c13 | 0.039738 | 0.016975 | 0.044017 | −0.0428 | 0.022368 | 0.010761 |
c14 | 0.039738 | 0.016975 | 0.030012 | −0.0428 | 0.041008 | 0.0114 |
c15 | 0.042576 | 0.016975 | 0.066025 | −0.04321 | 0.048464 | 0.016514 |
c16 | 0.043144 | 0.016975 | 0.031441 | −0.04362 | 0.024232 | 0.01662 |
c17 | 0.04428 | 0.016975 | 0.055021 | −0.04721 | 0.039144 | 0.017366 |
c18 | 0.045415 | 0.016975 | 0.066025 | −0.04978 | 0.048464 | 0.018325 |
c19 | 0.045983 | 0.008488 | 0.132051 | −0.05204 | 0.052192 | 0.019071 |
c20 | 0.051659 | 0.008488 | 0.066025 | −0.05725 | 0.083881 | 0.020562 |
PIS | 0.051659 | 0.033951 | 0.132051 | −0.0355 | 0.083881 | 0.020562 |
NIS | 0.017031 | 0.008488 | 0.020633 | −0.05725 | 0.020504 | 0.004794 |
CDF | BW | PLR | Psig | Snoise | rmax | S* (rSUM) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0012 | 0.0000 | 0.0066 | 0.0000 | 0.0033 | 0.0001 | 0.1059 |
0.0008 | 0.0000 | 0.0087 | 0.0000 | 0.0040 | 0.0001 | 0.1166 |
0.0008 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0000 | 0.0007 | 0.0001 | 0.0454 |
0.0008 | 0.0000 | 0.0098 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.1049 |
0.0007 | 0.0003 | 0.0114 | 0.0000 | 0.0018 | 0.0000 | 0.1193 |
0.0007 | 0.0003 | 0.0118 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.1132 |
0.0005 | 0.0003 | 0.0107 | 0.0000 | 0.0038 | 0.0000 | 0.1237 |
0.0005 | 0.0003 | 0.0087 | 0.0000 | 0.0014 | 0.0002 | 0.1056 |
0.0005 | 0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0025 | 0.0002 | 0.0598 |
0.0005 | 0.0003 | 0.0082 | 0.0000 | 0.0038 | 0.0002 | 0.1142 |
0.0005 | 0.0003 | 0.0124 | 0.0000 | 0.0006 | 0.0001 | 0.1180 |
0.0002 | 0.0003 | 0.0091 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.0001 | 0.0995 |
0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0077 | 0.0001 | 0.0038 | 0.0001 | 0.1101 |
0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0104 | 0.0001 | 0.0018 | 0.0001 | 0.1132 |
0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0044 | 0.0001 | 0.0013 | 0.0000 | 0.0778 |
0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0101 | 0.0001 | 0.0036 | 0.0000 | 0.1188 |
0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0059 | 0.0001 | 0.0020 | 0.0000 | 0.0918 |
0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0044 | 0.0002 | 0.0013 | 0.0000 | 0.0784 |
0.0000 | 0.0006 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0010 | 0.0000 | 0.0443 |
0.0000 | 0.0006 | 0.0044 | 0.0005 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0740 |
CDF | BW | PLR | Psig | Snoise | rmax | S− (rSUM) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0000 | 0.0006 | 0.0009 | 0.0005 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0460 |
0.0000 | 0.0006 | 0.0003 | 0.0005 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0393 |
0.0000 | 0.0006 | 0.0080 | 0.0005 | 0.0014 | 0.0001 | 0.1029 |
0.0000 | 0.0006 | 0.0002 | 0.0005 | 0.0020 | 0.0001 | 0.0582 |
0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0004 | 0.0001 | 0.0337 |
0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0004 | 0.0031 | 0.0001 | 0.0619 |
0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0004 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0288 |
0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0004 | 0.0007 | 0.0000 | 0.0400 |
0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0124 | 0.0004 | 0.0002 | 0.0000 | 0.1147 |
0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0004 | 0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0307 |
0.0002 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0015 | 0.0000 | 0.0454 |
0.0004 | 0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0002 | 0.0025 | 0.0000 | 0.0595 |
0.0005 | 0.0001 | 0.0005 | 0.0002 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0372 |
0.0005 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.0004 | 0.0000 | 0.0367 |
0.0007 | 0.0001 | 0.0021 | 0.0002 | 0.0008 | 0.0001 | 0.0625 |
0.0007 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0348 |
0.0007 | 0.0001 | 0.0012 | 0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0002 | 0.0510 |
0.0008 | 0.0001 | 0.0021 | 0.0001 | 0.0008 | 0.0002 | 0.0629 |
0.0008 | 0.0000 | 0.0124 | 0.0000 | 0.0010 | 0.0002 | 0.1204 |
0.0012 | 0.0000 | 0.0021 | 0.0000 | 0.0040 | 0.0002 | 0.0867 |
0.096098 | 0.187014 | 0.155845 | 0.218183 | 0.280521 | 0.062338 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CDF | BW | PLR | Psig | Snoise | rmax | |
c1 | 0.010474 | 0.067726 | 0.028143 | −0.04131 | 0.033465 | 0.012114 |
c2 | 0.013966 | 0.067726 | 0.021521 | −0.04131 | 0.026294 | 0.012539 |
c3 | 0.013966 | 0.067726 | 0.060976 | −0.04163 | 0.074102 | 0.013071 |
c4 | 0.014315 | 0.067726 | 0.018293 | −0.04163 | 0.083663 | 0.013814 |
c5 | 0.015711 | 0.033863 | 0.014071 | −0.04163 | 0.052588 | 0.014133 |
c6 | 0.015711 | 0.033863 | 0.013066 | −0.04263 | 0.098006 | 0.015727 |
c7 | 0.017457 | 0.033863 | 0.015907 | −0.04263 | 0.028685 | 0.016471 |
c8 | 0.017457 | 0.033863 | 0.021521 | −0.04368 | 0.05976 | 0.004782 |
c9 | 0.017457 | 0.033863 | 0.073172 | −0.04441 | 0.043027 | 0.00627 |
c10 | 0.017806 | 0.033863 | 0.022866 | −0.04675 | 0.028685 | 0.007013 |
c11 | 0.018504 | 0.033863 | 0.011433 | −0.04758 | 0.076492 | 0.009033 |
c12 | 0.023392 | 0.033863 | 0.020325 | −0.04981 | 0.090835 | 0.010095 |
c13 | 0.02444 | 0.033863 | 0.024391 | −0.04981 | 0.028685 | 0.010733 |
c14 | 0.02444 | 0.033863 | 0.01663 | −0.04981 | 0.052588 | 0.01137 |
c15 | 0.026186 | 0.033863 | 0.036586 | −0.05028 | 0.06215 | 0.016471 |
c16 | 0.026535 | 0.033863 | 0.017422 | −0.05075 | 0.031075 | 0.016577 |
c17 | 0.027233 | 0.033863 | 0.030488 | −0.05494 | 0.050198 | 0.017321 |
c18 | 0.027931 | 0.033863 | 0.036586 | −0.05793 | 0.06215 | 0.018278 |
c19 | 0.02828 | 0.016931 | 0.073172 | −0.06056 | 0.066931 | 0.019021 |
c20 | 0.031772 | 0.016931 | 0.036586 | −0.06662 | 0.107567 | 0.020509 |
PIS | 0.031772 | 0.067726 | 0.073172 | −0.04131 | 0.107567 | 0.020509 |
NIS | 0.010474 | 0.016931 | 0.011433 | −0.06662 | 0.026294 | 0.004782 |
CDF | BW | PLR | Psig | Snoise | rmax | S* (SUMR) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0005 | 0.0000 | 0.0020 | 0.0000 | 0.0055 | 0.0001 | 0.0897 |
0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.0027 | 0.0000 | 0.0066 | 0.0001 | 0.0983 |
0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0011 | 0.0001 | 0.0405 |
0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.0030 | 0.0000 | 0.0006 | 0.0000 | 0.0627 |
0.0003 | 0.0011 | 0.0035 | 0.0000 | 0.0030 | 0.0000 | 0.0892 |
0.0003 | 0.0011 | 0.0036 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0716 |
0.0002 | 0.0011 | 0.0033 | 0.0000 | 0.0062 | 0.0000 | 0.1043 |
0.0002 | 0.0011 | 0.0027 | 0.0000 | 0.0023 | 0.0002 | 0.0810 |
0.0002 | 0.0011 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0042 | 0.0002 | 0.0757 |
0.0002 | 0.0011 | 0.0025 | 0.0000 | 0.0062 | 0.0002 | 0.1015 |
0.0002 | 0.0011 | 0.0038 | 0.0000 | 0.0010 | 0.0001 | 0.0792 |
0.0001 | 0.0011 | 0.0028 | 0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0001 | 0.0669 |
0.0001 | 0.0011 | 0.0024 | 0.0001 | 0.0062 | 0.0001 | 0.0999 |
0.0001 | 0.0011 | 0.0032 | 0.0001 | 0.0030 | 0.0001 | 0.0870 |
0.0000 | 0.0011 | 0.0013 | 0.0001 | 0.0021 | 0.0000 | 0.0684 |
0.0000 | 0.0011 | 0.0031 | 0.0001 | 0.0059 | 0.0000 | 0.1012 |
0.0000 | 0.0011 | 0.0018 | 0.0002 | 0.0033 | 0.0000 | 0.0805 |
0.0000 | 0.0011 | 0.0013 | 0.0003 | 0.0021 | 0.0000 | 0.0696 |
0.0000 | 0.0026 | 0.0000 | 0.0004 | 0.0017 | 0.0000 | 0.0679 |
0.0000 | 0.0026 | 0.0013 | 0.0006 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0675 |
CDF | BW | PLR | Psig | Snoise | rmax | S− (SUMR) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0000 | 0.0026 | 0.0003 | 0.0006 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0600 |
0.0000 | 0.0026 | 0.0001 | 0.0006 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0583 |
0.0000 | 0.0026 | 0.0025 | 0.0006 | 0.0023 | 0.0001 | 0.0896 |
0.0000 | 0.0026 | 0.0000 | 0.0006 | 0.0033 | 0.0001 | 0.0815 |
0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.0006 | 0.0007 | 0.0001 | 0.0415 |
0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.0006 | 0.0051 | 0.0001 | 0.0784 |
0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.0006 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0328 |
0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0001 | 0.0005 | 0.0011 | 0.0000 | 0.0456 |
0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0038 | 0.0005 | 0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.0702 |
0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0001 | 0.0004 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0296 |
0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.0004 | 0.0025 | 0.0000 | 0.0570 |
0.0002 | 0.0003 | 0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0042 | 0.0000 | 0.0708 |
0.0002 | 0.0003 | 0.0002 | 0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0312 |
0.0002 | 0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0007 | 0.0000 | 0.0391 |
0.0002 | 0.0003 | 0.0006 | 0.0003 | 0.0013 | 0.0001 | 0.0534 |
0.0003 | 0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0315 |
0.0003 | 0.0003 | 0.0004 | 0.0001 | 0.0006 | 0.0002 | 0.0424 |
0.0003 | 0.0003 | 0.0006 | 0.0001 | 0.0013 | 0.0002 | 0.0526 |
0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.0038 | 0.0000 | 0.0017 | 0.0002 | 0.0776 |
0.0005 | 0.0000 | 0.0006 | 0.0000 | 0.0066 | 0.0002 | 0.0891 |
0.15625 | 0.21875 | 0.09375 | 0.0625 | 0.1875 | 0.28125 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CDF | BW | PLR | Psig | Snoise | rmax | |
c1 | 0.017031 | 0.079219 | 0.01693 | −0.01183 | 0.022368 | 0.054656 |
c2 | 0.022707 | 0.079219 | 0.012946 | −0.01183 | 0.017575 | 0.056573 |
c3 | 0.022707 | 0.079219 | 0.036681 | −0.01193 | 0.04953 | 0.05897 |
c4 | 0.023275 | 0.079219 | 0.011004 | −0.01193 | 0.05592 | 0.062326 |
c5 | 0.025546 | 0.039609 | 0.008465 | −0.01193 | 0.03515 | 0.063765 |
c6 | 0.025546 | 0.039609 | 0.00786 | −0.01221 | 0.065507 | 0.070956 |
c7 | 0.028384 | 0.039609 | 0.009569 | −0.01221 | 0.019173 | 0.074312 |
c8 | 0.028384 | 0.039609 | 0.012946 | −0.01251 | 0.039943 | 0.021575 |
c9 | 0.028384 | 0.039609 | 0.044017 | −0.01272 | 0.028759 | 0.028287 |
c10 | 0.028952 | 0.039609 | 0.013755 | −0.01339 | 0.019173 | 0.031643 |
c11 | 0.030087 | 0.039609 | 0.006878 | −0.01363 | 0.051127 | 0.040752 |
c12 | 0.038035 | 0.039609 | 0.012227 | −0.01427 | 0.060714 | 0.045546 |
c13 | 0.039738 | 0.039609 | 0.014672 | −0.01427 | 0.019173 | 0.048423 |
c14 | 0.039738 | 0.039609 | 0.010004 | −0.01427 | 0.03515 | 0.0513 |
c15 | 0.042576 | 0.039609 | 0.022008 | −0.0144 | 0.041541 | 0.074312 |
c16 | 0.043144 | 0.039609 | 0.01048 | −0.01454 | 0.02077 | 0.074792 |
c17 | 0.04428 | 0.039609 | 0.01834 | −0.01574 | 0.033552 | 0.078148 |
c18 | 0.045415 | 0.039609 | 0.022008 | −0.01659 | 0.041541 | 0.082463 |
c19 | 0.045983 | 0.019805 | 0.044017 | −0.01735 | 0.044736 | 0.085819 |
c20 | 0.051659 | 0.019805 | 0.022008 | −0.01908 | 0.071898 | 0.092531 |
PIS | 0.051659 | 0.079219 | 0.044017 | −0.01183 | 0.071898 | 0.092531 |
NIS | 0.017031 | 0.019805 | 0.006878 | −0.01908 | 0.017575 | 0.021575 |
CDF | BW | PLR | Psig | Snoise | rmax | S* (sumR) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0012 | 0.0000 | 0.0007 | 0.0000 | 0.0025 | 0.0014 | 0.0058 |
0.0008 | 0.0000 | 0.0010 | 0.0000 | 0.0030 | 0.0013 | 0.0060 |
0.0008 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0011 | 0.0025 |
0.0008 | 0.0000 | 0.0011 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0009 | 0.0031 |
0.0007 | 0.0016 | 0.0013 | 0.0000 | 0.0014 | 0.0008 | 0.0057 |
0.0007 | 0.0016 | 0.0013 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0041 |
0.0005 | 0.0016 | 0.0012 | 0.0000 | 0.0028 | 0.0003 | 0.0064 |
0.0005 | 0.0016 | 0.0010 | 0.0000 | 0.0010 | 0.0050 | 0.0091 |
0.0005 | 0.0016 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0019 | 0.0041 | 0.0081 |
0.0005 | 0.0016 | 0.0009 | 0.0000 | 0.0028 | 0.0037 | 0.0095 |
0.0005 | 0.0016 | 0.0014 | 0.0000 | 0.0004 | 0.0027 | 0.0065 |
0.0002 | 0.0016 | 0.0010 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0022 | 0.0051 |
0.0001 | 0.0016 | 0.0009 | 0.0000 | 0.0028 | 0.0019 | 0.0073 |
0.0001 | 0.0016 | 0.0012 | 0.0000 | 0.0014 | 0.0017 | 0.0059 |
0.0001 | 0.0016 | 0.0005 | 0.0000 | 0.0009 | 0.0003 | 0.0034 |
0.0001 | 0.0016 | 0.0011 | 0.0000 | 0.0026 | 0.0003 | 0.0057 |
0.0001 | 0.0016 | 0.0007 | 0.0000 | 0.0015 | 0.0002 | 0.0040 |
0.0000 | 0.0016 | 0.0005 | 0.0000 | 0.0009 | 0.0001 | 0.0031 |
0.0000 | 0.0035 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0007 | 0.0000 | 0.0044 |
0.0000 | 0.0035 | 0.0005 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0041 |
CDF | BW | PLR | Psig | Snoise | rmax | S− (sumR) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0000 | 0.0035 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0011 | 0.0048 |
0.0000 | 0.0035 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0012 | 0.0049 |
0.0000 | 0.0035 | 0.0009 | 0.0001 | 0.0010 | 0.0014 | 0.0069 |
0.0000 | 0.0035 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0015 | 0.0017 | 0.0068 |
0.0001 | 0.0004 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0018 | 0.0026 |
0.0001 | 0.0004 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0023 | 0.0024 | 0.0052 |
0.0001 | 0.0004 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0028 | 0.0034 |
0.0001 | 0.0004 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0000 | 0.0011 |
0.0001 | 0.0004 | 0.0014 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0021 |
0.0001 | 0.0004 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0007 |
0.0002 | 0.0004 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0011 | 0.0004 | 0.0021 |
0.0004 | 0.0004 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0019 | 0.0006 | 0.0033 |
0.0005 | 0.0004 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0007 | 0.0017 |
0.0005 | 0.0004 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0009 | 0.0021 |
0.0007 | 0.0004 | 0.0002 | 0.0000 | 0.0006 | 0.0028 | 0.0047 |
0.0007 | 0.0004 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0028 | 0.0040 |
0.0007 | 0.0004 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0032 | 0.0047 |
0.0008 | 0.0004 | 0.0002 | 0.0000 | 0.0006 | 0.0037 | 0.0057 |
0.0008 | 0.0000 | 0.0014 | 0.0000 | 0.0007 | 0.0041 | 0.0071 |
0.0012 | 0.0000 | 0.0002 | 0.0000 | 0.0030 | 0.0050 | 0.0094 |
Channels | S−/(S* + S−) Weights | Rank | S−/(S* + S−) Weights | Rank | S−/(S* + S−) Weights | Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Channel 1 | 0.3028 | 11 | 0.4010 | 11 | 0.4520 | 9 |
Channel 2 | 0.2521 | 15 | 0.3722 | 12 | 0.4464 | 10 |
Channel 3 | 0.6940 | 2 | 0.6886 | 1 | 0.7332 | 1 |
Channel 4 | 0.3567 | 9 | 0.5651 | 3 | 0.6884 | 3 |
Channel 5 | 0.2204 | 18 | 0.3176 | 15 | 0.3141 | 14 |
Channel 6 | 0.3533 | 10 | 0.5227 | 5 | 0.5636 | 7 |
Channel 7 | 0.1890 | 20 | 0.2391 | 17 | 0.3439 | 13 |
Channel 8 | 0.2748 | 13 | 0.3604 | 13 | 0.1076 | 19 |
Channel 9 | 0.6573 | 3 | 0.4810 | 7 | 0.2067 | 17 |
Channel 10 | 0.2117 | 19 | 0.2258 | 20 | 0.0703 | 20 |
Channel 11 | 0.2779 | 12 | 0.4186 | 10 | 0.2421 | 16 |
Channel 12 | 0.3742 | 7 | 0.5142 | 6 | 0.3942 | 12 |
Channel 13 | 0.2525 | 14 | 0.2381 | 18 | 0.1902 | 18 |
Channel 14 | 0.2449 | 16 | 0.3098 | 16 | 0.2648 | 15 |
Channel 15 | 0.4452 | 5 | 0.4387 | 8 | 0.5780 | 6 |
Channel 16 | 0.2265 | 17 | 0.2376 | 19 | 0.4092 | 11 |
Channel 17 | 0.3573 | 8 | 0.3449 | 14 | 0.5435 | 8 |
Channel 18 | 0.4452 | 6 | 0.4305 | 9 | 0.6455 | 4 |
Channel 19 | 0.7311 | 1 | 0.5331 | 4 | 0.6182 | 5 |
Channel 20 | 0.5395 | 4 | 0.5689 | 2 | 0.6983 | 2 |
No. CH | Random | DAHP–SAW | DAHP–TOPSIS | DAHP–MOORA | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Best | Worst | Avg | Best | Worst | Avg | Best | Worst | Avg | Best | Worst | Avg | |
5 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 9.9 | 11.2 | 10.2 | 35.2 | 36.2 | 35.2 | 38.0 | 38.9 | 38.2 |
10 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 11.9 | 13.7 | 12.8 | 43.6 | 44.2 | 44.0 | 49.7 | 50.5 | 50.0 |
20 | 4.4 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 16.1 | 53.9 | 55.0 | 54.8 | 65.0 | 65.4 | 65.3 |
30 | 7.8 | 9.0 | 8.6 | 19.4 | 20.8 | 19.9 | 66.6 | 68.0 | 67.3 | 85.2 | 85.8 | 85.5 |
40 | 10.2 | 10.6 | 10.3 | 24.7 | 25.5 | 25.0 | 82.4 | 83.4 | 82.9 | 106.7 | 107.6 | 106.9 |
50 | 14.3 | 15.3 | 15.0 | 30.8 | 31.4 | 31.2 | 105.8 | 106.1 | 106.1 | 132.8 | 134.0 | 133.5 |
60 | 26.2 | 28.0 | 27.1 | 38.8 | 39.8 | 38.9 | 134.8 | 136.4 | 135.7 | 166.1 | 167.7 | 167.0 |
70 | 31.4 | 33.0 | 32.0 | 48.0 | 49.3 | 48.7 | 173.1 | 174.0 | 173.6 | 208.3 | 208.7 | 208.7 |
80 | 44.3 | 45.5 | 45.2 | 60.3 | 61.9 | 60.9 | 221.2 | 222.7 | 222.1 | 266.7 | 267.9 | 267.1 |
90 | 51.6 | 55.6 | 53.6 | 75.1 | 77.1 | 76.1 | 282.3 | 286.3 | 284.3 | 339.9 | 342.9 | 341.9 |
100 | 57.0 | 68.0 | 63.0 | 89.0 | 101.0 | 95.0 | 359.1 | 370.1 | 364.1 | 432.4 | 442.4 | 437.4 |
110 | 67.6 | 76.6 | 72.6 | 114.9 | 121.9 | 118.9 | 462.8 | 466.8 | 465.8 | 559.0 | 562.0 | 560.0 |
120 | 79.0 | 84.0 | 82.0 | 147.4 | 154.4 | 148.4 | 571.3 | 581.3 | 576.3 | 639.7 | 643.7 | 641.7 |
130 | 86.5 | 96.5 | 91.5 | 179.7 | 187.7 | 185.7 | 628.9 | 635.9 | 633.9 | 717.0 | 723.0 | 718.0 |
140 | 100.2 | 102.2 | 101.2 | 229.0 | 233.0 | 232.0 | 696.2 | 699.2 | 697.2 | 839.1 | 841.1 | 840.1 |
150 | 108.7 | 126.7 | 110.7 | 284.0 | 300.0 | 290.0 | 755.1 | 778.1 | 767.1 | 974.9 | 985.9 | 982.9 |
160 | 107.1 | 125.1 | 120.1 | 353.5 | 373.5 | 362.5 | 828.7 | 856.7 | 843.7 | 1147.1 | 1152.1 | 1150.1 |
170 | 124.5 | 133.5 | 129.5 | 452.1 | 459.1 | 453.1 | 916.1 | 940.1 | 928.1 | 1342.7 | 1347.7 | 1345.7 |
180 | 124.0 | 147.0 | 139.0 | 550.4 | 572.4 | 566.4 | 1052.2 | 1070.2 | 1067.2 | 1411.9 | 1421.9 | 1412.9 |
190 | 146.6 | 153.6 | 148.6 | 691.9 | 722.9 | 707.9 | 1220.4 | 1236.4 | 1227.4 | 1473.5 | 1495.5 | 1483.5 |
200 | 154.0 | 168.0 | 158.0 | 879.9 | 899.9 | 884.9 | 1399.4 | 1426.4 | 1411.4 | 1556.8 | 1570.8 | 1557.8 |
PU Traffic | Service Type | Number of Spectrum Handoffs | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DAHP–TOPSIS | DAHP–SAW | DAHP–MOORA | Random | ||||||||||
No. of Channels | No. of Channels | No. of Channels | No. of Channels | ||||||||||
20 | 100 | 200 | 20 | 100 | 200 | 20 | 100 | 200 | 20 | 100 | 200 | ||
Low Traffic (0.2) | Text | 295 | 257 | 239 | 318 | 277 | 257 | 251 | 218 | 203 | 452 | 393 | 365 |
Audio | 339 | 295 | 274 | 365 | 317 | 295 | 288 | 250 | 233 | 519 | 451 | 419 | |
Video | 395 | 346 | 320 | 424 | 372 | 345 | 377 | 332 | 309 | 598 | 521 | 485 | |
High Traffic (0.6) | Text | 577 | 482 | 455 | 622 | 519 | 490 | 488 | 407 | 384 | 891 | 744 | 702 |
Audio | 653 | 545 | 514 | 704 | 587 | 554 | 552 | 461 | 434 | 1007 | 841 | 794 | |
Video | 865 | 725 | 684 | 929 | 780 | 736 | 825 | 692 | 652 | 1325 | 1109 | 1048 |
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Arif, M.; Kumar, V.D.; Jayakumar, L.; Ungurean, I.; Izdrui, D.; Geman, O. DAHP–TOPSIS-Based Channel Decision Model for Co-Operative CR-Enabled Internet on Vehicle (CR-IoV). Sustainability 2021, 13, 13966. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413966
Arif M, Kumar VD, Jayakumar L, Ungurean I, Izdrui D, Geman O. DAHP–TOPSIS-Based Channel Decision Model for Co-Operative CR-Enabled Internet on Vehicle (CR-IoV). Sustainability. 2021; 13(24):13966. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413966
Chicago/Turabian StyleArif, Muhammad, Venkatesan Dhilip Kumar, Loganathan Jayakumar, Ioan Ungurean, Diana Izdrui, and Oana Geman. 2021. "DAHP–TOPSIS-Based Channel Decision Model for Co-Operative CR-Enabled Internet on Vehicle (CR-IoV)" Sustainability 13, no. 24: 13966. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413966