How Can Marriage Immigrants Contribute to the Sustainability of the Host Country? Implications from the Leisure and Travel Patterns of Vietnamese Women in South Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Vietnamese Marriage Immigrant Women in South Korea
1.3. Purpose of the Study and the Scope of Sustainability
- RQ 1:
- How does the Vietnamese marriage immigrant women’s leisure contribute to the social sustainability of the host country?
- RQ 2:
- How does the Vietnamese marriage immigrant women’s hosting of their friends and relatives contribute to destination sustainability?
- RQ 3:
- How do the Vietnamese marriage immigrant women’s roles as information mediators contribute to the sustainability of the host country?
- RQ 4:
- How do the Vietnamese marriage immigrant women uniquely utilize tourism space?
1.4. Significance of the Study
2. Literature Review
2.1. Immigrants’ Leisure
2.2. Hosting Friends and Relatives and Sustainability
2.3. Immigrants as Tourism Information Mediators
2.4. Involving Immigrants in Tourism Destination Management
3. Methods
4. Findings
4.1. Social Sustainability through Immigrants’ Leisure
My husband says he would not have been to such touristic places without me. So, he has been around together with me. He said that in the past [before marriage] he watched baseball games, slept for a long time, ordered foods by himself or ate convenience foods, being addicted to the smartphone and watching TV a lot on weekends, not going out of the house or drinking with friends.
4.2. Destination Sustainability Attained through VFR
My mother came [to South Korea]. She helped me for three months when my second child was born in 2014. It was not tourism but she simply came to South Korea to help me. As she came to South Korea to help me, the only travel we conducted was to visit the Han River just once. Although she stayed for three months, we were not able to travel a long-distance because the baby was just born.
I have hosted my friend only once. A friend of mine came to South Korea to travel. She told me she was then in Yongsan District. So, I brought her to my house. And then we ate outside, had a good time, and then I took her back to Yongsan.
In fact, I want to visit many places. However, in some tourist attractions, the entrance fee is very expensive. That discourages me from visiting such places. I think it would be great if there could be price discounts for marriage immigrants.
4.3. Self-Concept about the Informants’ Roles as Information Mediators, Information Behavior, and Implications to Sustainability
I want to tell my Vietnamese friends about the life in South Korea. The life is not that glamourous like in the Korean movies. I think the reason why there are many international marriages is because of the dramas. Yes, they cause us to build too great of a positive image about the life in South Korea, and once we come here, the life is not like that. Because of that, the possibility to get divorced is high. What they see and experience is different from what they imagined in Vietnam. So, they get shocked and are likely to get divorced. So, I would like them to get prepared and talk about such things. Vietnamese people have that fantasy: Once they come to South Korea, all the husbands are rich and have a lot of money, so they can do whatever they want, and they feel like becoming a Cinderella. They tend to want things like that. So, I am talking about all the real aspects of the life in South Korea to my friends.
Life in South Korea looks good in the movies. But, I think, wherever you live, life is all the same. There are good and bad things. So, if I hear others say that they want to come to South Korea simply after watching the movies, I say, no.
They ask which place is good when they come to South Korea. They say they want to travel to South Korea. They ask about accommodation options and how much something costs in Vietnam Dong. The most frequently asked question is about must-eat places in South Korea.
Vietnamese know much about Korean singers and actors, more than me. They are that interested. Also, they are interested in Korean cosmetic products and want to visit South Korea. They do come to South Korea and buy those products a lot.
4.4. Perceived Unique Traveling Patterns and Their Implications
I had a friend of mine who came to visit South Korea [who joined a package tour], and the schedule was very tight. She visited many places in Seoul on the first day and other places on the second day, Jeju Island on the third day, Busan the next day, and back to Seoul the last day. I would have been very tired if I had followed that schedule.
My travel pattern is very different from others. I don’t go to famous places among other Vietnamese tourists. Those who come from Vietnam select famous places and visit such places only: They go to famous places such as Nami Island and Namsan Tower. For me, such places are not interesting.
5. Conclusions
5.1. Implications of the Study
5.2. Contributions of the Study
5.3. Limitations and Future Studies
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Total Cases of International Marriage | Married a South Korean Man | Married a South Korean Wife | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foreigners | Vietnamese | % | Foreigners | Vietnamese | % | ||
2000 | 11,605 | 6945 | 77 | 1.1 | 4660 | 3 | 0.1 |
2001 | 14,523 | 9684 | 134 | 1.4 | 4839 | 5 | 0.1 |
2002 | 15,202 | 10,698 | 474 | 4.4 | 4504 | 9 | 0.2 |
2003 | 24,775 | 18,750 | 1402 | 7.5 | 6025 | 12 | 0.2 |
2004 | 34,640 | 25,105 | 2461 | 9.8 | 9535 | 10 | 0.1 |
2005 | 42,356 | 30,719 | 5822 | 19.0 | 11,637 | 28 | 0.2 |
2006 | 38,759 | 29,665 | 10,128 | 34.1 | 9094 | 47 | 0.5 |
2007 | 37,560 | 28,580 | 6610 | 23.1 | 8980 | 61 | 0.7 |
2008 | 36,204 | 28,163 | 8282 | 29.4 | 8041 | 61 | 0.8 |
2009 | 33,300 | 25,142 | 7249 | 28.8 | 8158 | 49 | 0.6 |
2010 | 34,235 | 26,274 | 9623 | 36.6 | 7961 | 67 | 0.8 |
2011 | 29,762 | 22,265 | 7636 | 34.3 | 7497 | 93 | 1.2 |
2012 | 28,325 | 20,637 | 6586 | 31.9 | 7688 | 180 | 2.3 |
2013 | 25,963 | 18,307 | 5770 | 31.5 | 7656 | 279 | 3.6 |
2014 | 23,316 | 16,152 | 4743 | 29.4 | 7164 | 283 | 4.0 |
2015 | 21,274 | 14,677 | 4651 | 31.7 | 6597 | 432 | 6.5 |
2016 | 20,591 | 14,822 | 5377 | 36.3 | 5769 | 565 | 9.8 |
2017 | 20,835 | 14,869 | 5364 | 36.1 | 5966 | 586 | 9.8 |
2018 | 22,698 | 16,608 | 6338 | 38.2 | 6090 | 587 | 9.6 |
2019 | 23,643 | 17,687 | 6712 | 37.9 | 5956 | 639 | 10.7 |
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Choi, S.-h.; Jang, H. How Can Marriage Immigrants Contribute to the Sustainability of the Host Country? Implications from the Leisure and Travel Patterns of Vietnamese Women in South Korea. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031039
Choi S-h, Jang H. How Can Marriage Immigrants Contribute to the Sustainability of the Host Country? Implications from the Leisure and Travel Patterns of Vietnamese Women in South Korea. Sustainability. 2021; 13(3):1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031039
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Suh-hee, and Haeri Jang. 2021. "How Can Marriage Immigrants Contribute to the Sustainability of the Host Country? Implications from the Leisure and Travel Patterns of Vietnamese Women in South Korea" Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031039