The Impact of Ecological Knowledge on Young Consumers’ Attitudes and Behaviours towards the Food Market
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Ecological Knowledge and the Consumers’ Attitudes and Behaviours
3. The Polish Consumer as the Object of the Research in the Context of Environmental Awareness, Attitudes and Behaviours
The Scope of the Research in Terms of Object | Selected Papers |
---|---|
Ecological knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of the consumers | M. Grzybowska-Brzezińska [68,69,70], D. Kiełczewski [71], A. Dąbrowska [60], M. Burgiel, J. Zrałek [72], A. Matel [73], I. Escher, J. Petrykowska [74], L. Witek, K. Szalonka [75], W. Patrzałek [65], J. Zrałek [59], L. Witek [63,76]. |
Conditions of sustainable consumption | D. Kiełczewski D. [77,78], M. Grzybowska-Brzezińska [79], K. Wasilik [80], A. Dąbrowska, F. Bylok, M. Janoś-Kresło D. Kiełczewski, I. Ozimek [81], T. Zalega [82], B. Jaros [83], W. Łuczka [84], K. Gutkowska, J. Czarnecki [85], G. Zasuwa [86], E.M. Marek [87]. |
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Questionnaire
4.2. Data Collection
4.3. Data Analysis
- recognize the values of a particular social group and the importance of ecological norms,
- evaluate the level of knowledge of the threats resulting from the destruction of the natural environment,
- study the correlation between ecological awareness and specific behaviours of people and their plans for the future [92].
5. Results and Discussion
- the questionnaire and selection of research tools in the study were based on literature studies,
- the analysis of the collected research material conducted in the work focuses mainly on qualitative variables measured with the use of the Likert scale (seven-point),
- the theoretical construct proposed in the work was developed on the basis of literature studies, while the empirical construct was based on our own research.
- synthesis (comparing separate factors as a comprehensive cognitive approach to the studied phenomenon) and analysis (the analysis of certain wholes into component parts—theses, structures and phenomena—and considering each of them separately)
- deduction (deduction as a research process involving the transition from the general to the detailed) and induction (as a type of reduction reasoning—the process of concluding based on the premises that are individual cases)
- comparing and contrasting value features and data results
- generalization and concluding are the final process of implemented research issues
5.1. Reliability and Validity
5.2. Structural Model
- η m × 1 is the vector of endogenous hidden variables,
- ξ k × 1 is the vector of exogenous hidden variables,
- Bm × m is the matrix of regression coefficients for endogenous variables,
- Γm × k is the matrix of coefficients for exogenous variables,
- ζ m × 1 is the vector of random components.
x = Πxξ + δ
- y p × 1 is the vector of observable endogenous variables,
- x q × 1 is the vector of observable exogenous variables,
- Πy, Πx are the factor load matrices,
- ε p × 1, δq × 1 are the measurement error vectors.
- Chi-square/df = 2.021 (<3)
- p-value for the model < 0.001 (>0.05)
- Goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.902 (≥0.9)
- CFI = 0.904 (≥0.9)
- Adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) = 0.871(≥0.8)
- Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.062 (≤0.08)
5.3. Measurement Model
5.4. Hypothesis Testing
6. Conclusions
7. Limitations and Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specification | Rural Areas | Urban Areas | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amount | % of n in the Table | Amount | % of n in the Table | Total Amount | % of n in the Table | ||
Female The average net monthly income per capita in the household | below the average of the surveyed area | 52 | 19.62 | 20 | 7.55 | 72 | 27.17 |
within the average of the surveyed area (approx. PLN 1400) | 64 | 24.15 | 35 | 13.21 | 99 | 37.36 | |
above the average of the surveyed area | 20 | 7.55 | 15 | 5.66 | 35 | 13.21 | |
Male The average net monthly income per capita in the household | below the average of the surveyed area | 9 | 3.40 | 4 | 1.51 | 13 | 4.91 |
within the average of surveyed area (approx. PLN 1400) | 16 | 6.04 | 10 | 3.77 | 26 | 9.81 | |
above the average of the surveyed area | 9 | 3.40 | 11 | 4.15 | 20 | 7.55 | |
170 | 64.15 | 95 | 35.85 | 265 | 100% |
Estimate | S.E. | C.R. | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ESH | <--- | CPP | 0.183 | 0.077 | 2.395 | 0.017 |
ESH | <--- | KEI | 0.459 | 0.131 | 3.517 | *** |
IEK | <--- | ESH | 0.612 | 0.127 | 4.834 | *** |
IEK | <--- | CPP | 0.27 | 0.092 | 2.922 | 0.003 |
IEK | <--- | KEC | 0.482 | 0.149 | 3.244 | 0.001 |
KEC_4 | <--- | KEI | 1 | |||
KEC_3 | <--- | KEI | 2.092 | 0.336 | 6.221 | *** |
KEC_2 | <--- | KEI | 1.334 | 0.24 | 5.552 | *** |
KEC_1 | <--- | KEI | 2.034 | 0.33 | 6.167 | *** |
IEK_4 | <--- | IEK | 1 | |||
IEK_3 | <--- | IEK | 0.721 | 0.089 | 8.125 | *** |
IEK_2 | <--- | IEK | 0.819 | 0.086 | 9.538 | *** |
IEK_1 | <--- | IEK | 0.974 | 0.093 | 10.482 | *** |
ESH_4 | <--- | ESH | 1 | |||
ESH_3 | <--- | ESH | 1.188 | 0.171 | 6.954 | *** |
ESH_2 | <--- | ESH | 1.453 | 0.197 | 7.388 | *** |
ESH_1 | <--- | ESH | 1.26 | 0.179 | 7.049 | *** |
CPP_5 | <--- | CPP | 1 | |||
CPP_4 | <--- | CPP | 1.381 | 0.173 | 7.997 | *** |
CPP_3 | <--- | CPP | 0.893 | 0.123 | 7.239 | *** |
CPP_2 | <--- | CPP | 0.813 | 0.146 | 5.566 | *** |
CPP_1 | <--- | CPP | 0.947 | 0.149 | 6.347 | *** |
CEA | <--- | IEK | 0.553 | 0.097 | 5.723 | *** |
CEA | <--- | ESH | 0.253 | 0.121 | 2.082 | 0.037 |
Designation in the SEM Diagram | Content of the Determinant | Assigned Hidden Variable | Factor Analysis FCA | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IEK_1 | The constant pursuit to expand knowledge concerning green food and developing healthy food habits | Interest in ecological knowledge (IEK) Cronbach’s alpha (0.79), AVE (0.6) | 0.732 | |||
IEK_2 | In recent years I have increased the level of knowledge and awareness in terms of developing healthy food habits significantly | 0.757 | ||||
IEK_3 | I try to catch up with the ongoing social campaigns devoted to healthy eating and to put them into practice | 0.523 | ||||
IEK_4 | I expand my knowledge concerning eating habits on a regular basis by referring to the information presented by the experts | 0.728 | ||||
KEI_1 | The production of beef on a global scale leads to climate change to a great extent | Knowledge of ecological Issues (KEI) Cronbach’s alpha (0.77), AVE (0.52) | 0.696 | |||
KEI_2 | Purchasing local products eliminates the emission of greenhouse gases related to the food supply | 0.695 | ||||
KEI_3 | Diets’ rich in fruits and vegetables instead of in meat and products of animal origin make a positive impact on the environment | 0.597 | ||||
KEI_4 | Purchasing from the locals makes them verify their cultivation which is beneficial to the environment | 0.413 | ||||
ESH_1 | I always check the country of origin of my food | Ecological shopping habits (ESH) Cronbach’s alpha (0.74), AVE (0.51) | 0.593 | |||
ESH_2 | Purchasing food products. I always check if it has a certificate of high quality | 0.662 | ||||
ESH_3 | I most often purchase food in the shops dedicated to green products | 0.738 | ||||
ESH_4 | I prefer food products grown regionally/locally | 0.475 | ||||
CPP_1 | When shopping for food I always use my own reusable bags | Conscious Purchasing Planning (CPP) Cronbach’s alpha (0.76), AVE (0.53) | 0.628 | |||
CPP_2 | I plan my meals in advance | 0.527 | ||||
CPP_3 | I cook using the ingredients at hand | 0.659 | ||||
CPP_4 | Before shopping. I look into the cupboards and the fridge | 0.769 | ||||
CPP_5 | When shopping I take a shopping list | 0.659 |
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Kuźniar, W.; Surmacz, T.; Wierzbiński, B. The Impact of Ecological Knowledge on Young Consumers’ Attitudes and Behaviours towards the Food Market. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1984. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041984
Kuźniar W, Surmacz T, Wierzbiński B. The Impact of Ecological Knowledge on Young Consumers’ Attitudes and Behaviours towards the Food Market. Sustainability. 2021; 13(4):1984. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041984
Chicago/Turabian StyleKuźniar, Wiesława, Tomasz Surmacz, and Bogdan Wierzbiński. 2021. "The Impact of Ecological Knowledge on Young Consumers’ Attitudes and Behaviours towards the Food Market" Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1984. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041984