Identifying Potential Sites for Artificial Recharge in the Plain Area of the Daqing River Catchment Using GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data Acquisition
3.2. Sampling and Investigation
3.3. Methodological Framework
3.4. Multi-Criteria Evaluation Method
3.5. Evaluation Indicator System
- The target layer: there is only one element in this layer, which is the preset goal or expected result of complex problems.
- The criterion layer: this is the middle level for achieving the goal and the criteria to be considered, and it can be composed of several levels.
- The indicator layer: this layer includes the specific indicators selected to support the elements of the criterion layer, and to achieve the ultimate goal of the target layer.
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Water Source Conditions
4.1.1. Distance to a Canal
4.1.2. Source Water Quality
4.2. Infiltration Conditions
4.2.1. Slope
4.2.2. Vadose Zone Infiltration Rate
4.2.3. Drainage Density
4.3. Storage Conditions
4.3.1. Depth to Groundwater
4.3.2. Aquifer Hydraulic Conductivity
4.3.3. Aquifer Thickness
4.4. Environmental Conditions
4.4.1. Groundwater Quality
4.4.2. Soil Quality
4.4.3. Distance to Sensitive Areas
4.5. Weight Calculation
4.6. Identification of Suitable Sites for Artificial Recharge
5. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampling/Investigation | Numbers | Test Index | |
---|---|---|---|
Sampling | Groundwater quality | 60 | Total Hardness(TH), Total Dissolved Solids(TDS), Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), SO42−, Cl−, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Al, NH4-N, S2−, Na+, NO3-N, NO2-N, F, Cr, As, Cd, Pb, Hg |
Sampling | Source water quality | 10 | pH, DO, COD, S2−, F−, Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Pb, Cd, Hg, NH4-N, and Total Nitrogen(TN) |
Sampling | Soil quality | 262 | pH, TN, P, K, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane(BHC),Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT) |
Test | Vadose Zone Infiltration Rate | 16 | Double-ring infiltrometer test |
11 | In-situ standpipe test | ||
Test | Depth to groundwater | 75 | -- |
Investigation | Distance to Sensitive Area | 20 | -- |
Target Layer | Criterion Layer | Indicator Layer |
---|---|---|
Suitability of artificial groundwater recharge | Source water conditions | Distance to canal |
Source water quality | ||
Recharge infiltration conditions | Slope | |
Vadose zone infiltration rate | ||
Drainage Density | ||
Aquifer storage conditions | Depth to groundwater | |
Aquifer hydraulic conductivity | ||
Aquifer thickness | ||
Environmental conditions | Groundwater quality | |
Soil quality | ||
Distance to sensitive area |
Target Layer | Criterion Layer | Indicator Layer | Indicator Weight | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Suitability of artificial groundwater recharge | Source water conditions | Distance to canal | 0.294 | 0.261 |
Source water quality | 0.033 | |||
Recharge infiltration conditions | Slope | 0.262 | 0.054 | |
Vadose zone infiltration rate | 0.195 | |||
Drainage Density | 0.013 | |||
Aquifer storage conditions | Depth to groundwater | 0.320 | 0.110 | |
Aquifer hydraulic conductivity | 0.129 | |||
Aquifer thickness | 0.081 | |||
Environmental conditions | Groundwater quality | 0.124 | 0.051 | |
Soil quality | 0.050 | |||
Distance to sensitive area | 0.023 |
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Xu, G.; Su, X.; Zhang, Y.; You, B. Identifying Potential Sites for Artificial Recharge in the Plain Area of the Daqing River Catchment Using GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Analysis. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3978. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073978
Xu G, Su X, Zhang Y, You B. Identifying Potential Sites for Artificial Recharge in the Plain Area of the Daqing River Catchment Using GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Analysis. Sustainability. 2021; 13(7):3978. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073978
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Guigui, Xiaosi Su, Yiwu Zhang, and Bing You. 2021. "Identifying Potential Sites for Artificial Recharge in the Plain Area of the Daqing River Catchment Using GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Analysis" Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3978. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073978