Activating Data through Eco-Didactic Design in the Public Realm: Enabling Sustainable Development in Cities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- How can we use data in the design of public spaces as a means for sustainability knowledge exchange in the city?
- How can community-based design contribute to innovative data collection and dissemination for advancing sustainability in the city?
- What are the overlaps between the projects’ intended impacts and the 17 SDGs?
2. Sustainability, the Community, and the Design of Public Spaces
2.1. Design in the Public Realm as a Means for Communicating and Enabling Sustainability
2.2. Data in the City
2.3. Sustainability and the Smart City
2.4. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
3. The Tensions Defining Urban Project Design
3.1. Defining the Four Domains of Sustainability for Design Projects in the City
3.1.1. Environmental
3.1.2. Social
3.1.3. Economic
3.1.4. Cultural
“Culture and development have long had a reciprocal and interdependent relationship, although this has only gained momentum at the international level over the past 30 years. The evolution of holistic approaches is intrinsically linked with global debates, in particular those around the concept of sustainability”[71] (p. 18).
3.2. Data Exchange Direction
Collection vs. Dissemination
3.3. Design Impetus
3.3.1. New Artefact vs. Product Augmentation
3.3.2. Product vs. System
3.4. Mode of Message Delivery
3.4.1. Physical vs. Virtual Approach
3.4.2. Consensus vs. Dissensus
3.5. Sustainable Development Impact
3.5.1. People vs. Planet
3.5.2. Raising Awareness vs. Soliciting Action
3.5.3. Community vs. Individual
4. Methodology
4.1. Approaching City Projects and the Analysis Method
4.2. Selected Case Study: Contributing to Sustainability through the Smart City
- How can we include civic engagement in the way smart and sustainable communities are developed?
- What data are needed to enable this civic engagement?
- If the data do not exist, how would you ensure that information is appropriately and continuously collected?
- Large-scale public data mapping and visualization;
- Processing and using public data in artifacts that communicate concrete and easy-to-read messages;
- Promoting and valuing contributions from citizens in creating data and information about the city;
- Considering how data are governed when added by citizens to the city’s open data portal;
- Helping to recognize the truthfulness and authenticity of a citizen’s contribution to data creation;
- Harnessing the potential of digital technology to promote civic engagement and improve democratic practices (e.g., Civic Tech group).
- Using existing and already collected data from the city: Students were expected to imagine how these data could be designed into the public realm to help communities better understand their relevance and help them become more aware of sustainability issues. Here, the students focused on disseminating these data through their designs and on “teaching” communities about some sustainability issue, using either dynamic or static interactive methods.
- Exploring how new data can be collected: The students were expected to find ways to gather new datasets not currently available in the city database. In other words, they designed a mechanism to obtain new data on a regular and sustainable basis.
- Combining both mentioned strategies: The students were expected to utilize existing data while complementing them with new data or simultaneously collecting and disseminating the data through their design. Thus, their task was to find how the city could collect new data in engaging ways while also seeking new mechanisms and platforms to communicate that same data.
4.3. Analysis Framework
4.4. Analysis Process
5. Results
5.1. Overview of Results
5.2. Intersecting the Findings and Discussion of Outcomes
6. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Analysis Questions
SDG | Which of the SDGs is This Project Aligned with? | |
---|---|---|
Goal 1: No poverty | End poverty in all its forms everywhere | |
Goal 2: Zero hunger | End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture | |
Goal 3: Good health and well-being | Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages | |
Goal 4: Quality education | Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all | |
Goal 5: Gender equality | Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls | |
Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation | Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all | |
Goal 7: Affordable and clean energy | Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all | |
Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth | Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all | |
Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure | Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation | |
Goal 10: Reducing inequalities | Reduce income inequality within and among countries | |
Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communities | Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable | |
Goal 12: Responsible consumption and production | Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns | |
Goal 13: Climate action | Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts by regulating emissions and promoting developments in renewable energy | |
Goal 14: Life below water | Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development | |
Goal 15: Life on land | Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss | |
Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions | Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all, and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels | |
Goal 17: Partnership for the goals | Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development |
What Are the Project’s Sustainability Domain(s) of Concern? | 0 | 1 | 2 |
---|---|---|---|
Environmental | Does not address environmental issues | Somewhat focused on environmental issues | Highly focused on environmental issues |
Economic | Does not address economic issues | Somewhat focused on economic issues | Highly focused on economic issues |
Social | Does not address social issues | Somewhat focused on social issues | Highly focused on social issues |
Cultural | Does not address cultural issues | Somewhat focused on cultural issues | Highly focused on cultural issues |
Tension | Analysis Question | Rating | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | |||
DATA-EXCHANGE DIRECTION | Tension between collecting data from community or disseminating data through design to the community. | Does this project aim at COLLECTING data? | No data are collected. | The primary function is not about collection. | The primary function is data collection. |
Does this project aim at DISSEMINATING data? | No data are disseminated. | The primary function is not about dissemination. | The primary function is data dissemination. | ||
DESIGN IMPETUS | Tension between designing a new artefact entirely and designing product augmentation. | To what extent can this design outcome be considered as a NEW THING? | Nothing new. | Partially new. | Primarily new. |
To what extent can design outcomes be considered as ADDs on? | None of the solutions aim to complement any objects or services. | The design complements by circumstance (not by intention). | Intended entirely to complement existing services or objects. | ||
Tension between product- and service-based design. | Does the project aim to design a (short-term) PRODUCT? Indicate the level. | The design does not address short-term solutions. | The design proposes short-term solutions for the long-term problem. | The design aims to create a product to propose a short-term solution. | |
Does the project aim to design a (long-term) SYSTEM? Indicate the level. | The design does not consider system solutions. | The design aims for long-term solutions. | The design aims to invent a product to propose a purely systemic solution. | ||
MODE OF MESSAGE DELIVERY | Tension between activating widely accepted knowledge vs. encouraging provocative debate. | What is the level of CONSENSUS this project depends on? | The design does not depend on the accepted knowledge. | The design depends on some accepted knowledge. | The design is intended to show accepted knowledge. |
What is the level of DISSENSUS this project depends on? | The design does not depend on the contested knowledge. | The design depends on some contested knowledge. | The design is intended to show contested knowledge. | ||
Tensions between a physical or virtual type of solution. | How much did the design lead to a PHYSICAL solution? | No part of the solution is physical. | The non-primary part of the solution is physical. | The solution is designed to be physical. | |
How much did the design lead to a VIRTUAL solution? | No part of the solution is virtual. | The non-primary part of the solution is virtual. | The solution is designed to be virtual | ||
SD IMPACT | Tension between raising awareness vs. soliciting action. | Does this project aim at RAISING AWARENESS? | The design does not present any new knowledge. | The design proposes some information, but the primary purpose is not to raise awareness. | The design is intended to raise awareness. |
Does this project aim at SOLICITING ACTION? | The design does not present or hint at possible actions. | The design hints at possible actions. | The design is dependent on people’s actions. | ||
Tension between community or individual focused design. | Is this project addressing the COMMUNITY? | The design does intend to reach the community. | There is some level of community engagement, accumulation of the results. | The design is purely community oriented. | |
Is this project addressing the INDIVIDUALS? | The design does intend to reach individuals. | The design may impact individual behaviors. | The design is purely individual oriented. | ||
Tension between project benefits to people (and their socioeconomic system) vs. planet (general ecological benefits—flora and fauna, and non-human benefits). | Is this project primarily focused on PEOPLE? | The design is not intended to benefit people. | The design consequently benefits people. | The design entirely focuses on people. | |
Is this project primarily focused on the PLANET? | The design is not intended to benefit the planet. | The design consequently benefits the planet. | The design entirely focuses on the planet. |
Appendix B. Analysis Outcomes
Projects | Which of the SDGs is this Project Aligned with? (Based on Student Input) |
---|---|
Rootrade | Total of five SDGs
|
Trouble with Takeout | Total of three SDGs
|
The Power in the Reversibility of Light Pollution | Total of four SDGs
|
Illuminated Neighborhood | Total of seven SDGs
|
AQI Accessible | Total of three SDGs
|
Car Commute Awareness | Total of three SDGs
|
Under Artificial Skies | Total of four SDGs
|
The Smart Bus Stop Don’t wait, learn instead! | Total of three SDGs
|
Our Unsustainable Coffee Habits | Total of four SDGs
|
Late again? | Total of three SDGs
|
Projects | Environmental | Economic | Cultural | Social | Justification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rootrade | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | It services an underprivileged group of citizens.The project is to support economic activities that will have a positive social impact (for people with low access to fresh food). |
Trouble with Takeout | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | The aim is to create environmental improvements (lowering the use of single use packaging) through a change in the consumption culture (adding packaging characteristics as a layer in the decision to consume food). |
The Power in the Reversibility of Light Pollution | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | The project is mainly focused on the dangers of light pollution (as an ecological and environmental problem). |
Illuminated Neighborhood | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | The idea is to reduce energy consumption (an environmental problem), which is closely related to the economic domain (infrastructure and cost). However, the design aims to change the focus on energy consumption from the individual to a communicably/cultural domain. |
AQI Accessible | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | Air quality is a human health issue that has gained a lot of interest lately. It also has an environmental/ecological significance (in this case, only referred to indirectly). |
Car Commute Awareness | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Awareness about the environmental effects of a cultural problem (car use). |
Under Artificial Skies | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | The design aims to connect the environmental economic and social dimensions of the problem of energy waste. |
The Smart Bus Stop Don’t wait, learn instead! | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | The project aims to connect—in a weak way—to all the domains: co2 reduction, money savings, shift from car culture, and improvement in the quality of life. |
Our Unsustainable Coffee Habits | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | Presenting a cultural problem with environmental consequences. |
Late Again? | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | Solving a social problem. |
Projects | DATA-EXCHANGE DIRECTION | DESIGN IMPETUS | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
COLLECTING/ DISSEMINATING | NEW ARTEFACT/ PRODUCT AUGMENTATION | PRODUCT/SYSTEM | ||
Rootrade | Justification | It is an application that provides key information to citizens. Some data regarding groceries and greenhouses will be collected to be disseminated to the wider community (collecting information from a few to disseminate to the many). | The solution sits in between both scales. The network/platform is new, but it is not a new device. It attaches to the existing infrastructure but does not augment its functions (only its reach). | This is a quick solution to alleviate the food desert problem in some communities. The project mainly aims to create a short-term solution for food access (does not aim to change the system that resulted in food-insecurity). However, such a platform could enable systemic change for access to locally grown fresh foods. |
Rating | Collecting: 1 Disseminating: 2 | New Artefact: 1 Product Augmentation: 0 | Product: 2 System: 1 | |
Trouble with Takeout | Justification | Collecting information from a few (restaurants/cafes) to disseminate to the many (wider society). | The platform is new. However, the design completely attaches to existing artefacts (available packaging solutions). | The design tackles a currently existing tension (sustainable vs. unsustainable packaging solutions). What will happen if all the packages are sustainable? (left un-answered). It also does not provide an alternative to single use packaging, but rather depends on small incremental improvements (less harm approach). |
Rating | Collecting: 1 Disseminating: 2 | New Artefact: 2 Product Augmentation: 1 | Product: 2 System: 0 | |
The Power in the Reversibility of Light Pollution | Justification | The design mainly aims at collecting data (large datasets) to make available to regulators and policy makers (a small group of people with decision-making power). | The design entails creating a new system/device to collect data, but it depends on the existing lighting artefacts and conditions. | It aims to create a product to collect data (short-term solution for a current problem). However, the suggested lighting control and optimization could change the underlying definition of the current system (night pedestrian and artificial lighting of the city) from always-on to on-demand. This does not question the need for lighting or propose changes to infrastructures. |
Rating | Collecting: 2 Disseminating: 1 | New Artefact: 2 Product Augmentation: 0 | Product: 1 System: 1 | |
Illuminated Neighborhood | Justification | Project aims to create devices to communicate and visualize energy data. | The devices are new. However, they attach to the existing grid. There is no solution proposed to encourage alternative grids or other energy systems. | No system change solutions are proposed, only a device to help people visualize the outcome of their decisions in the current energy system. |
Rating | Collecting: 0 Disseminating: 2 | New Artefact: 2 Product Augmentation: 1 | Product: 2 System: 0 | |
AQI Accessible | Justification | Collecting some information (a few air-quality stations) to be disseminated to the many. | The design proposes to use existing stations and increase the infrastructure for air quality measurement. It proposes a new device for communicating data. | No solution or alternatives are proposed. |
Rating | Collecting: 1 Disseminating: 2 | New Artefact: 2 Product Augmentation: 1 | Product: 2 System: 0 | |
Car Commute Awareness | Justification | Equally focused on both. | A new system to communicate data that is attached on a bridge (but could be attached to any other infrastructure). | A device for communicating data. Does not attempt to improve or propose new product or alternatives. |
Rating | Collecting: 1 Disseminating: 2 | New Artefact: 2 Product Augmentation: 1 | Product: 2 System: 0 | |
Under Artificial Skies | Justification | Some new data to be collected but mainly a dissemination device. | The project is based on data from the current system. A new energy grid is proposed to power the installation itself. | It is a weird approach to propose fighting light pollution by using an LED screen. The design is focused on making the problem visible, but not on guiding people toward a solution. |
Rating | Collecting: 1 Disseminating: 2 | New Artefact: 1 Product Augmentation: 1 | Product: 2 System: 0 | |
The Smart Bus Stop Don’t wait, learn instead! | Justification | Attaching to bus stops. A new device for disseminating info. | No long-term solutions proposed. | |
Rating | Collecting: 0 Disseminating: 2 | New Artefact: 1 Product Augmentation: 2 | Product: 2 System: 0 | |
Our Unsustainable Coffee Habits | Justification | Based on existing data and artefacts and creating an installation (not a device). | A short-term awareness raising approach—no alternatives. | |
Rating | Collecting: 0 Disseminating: 2 | New Artefact: 1 Product Augmentation: 0 | Product: 2 System: 0 | |
Late Again? | Justification | Some new data, but mainly disseminating/analyzing. | It is an add on for transit app. | No system change ideas are proposed. Proposes an incremental change to the current public transit system. |
Rating | Collecting: 1 Disseminating: 2 | New Artefact: 1 Product Augmentation: 2 | Product: 1 System: 2 |
Projects | MODE OF MESSAGE DELIVERY | ||
---|---|---|---|
VIRTUAL/PHYSICAL | CONSENSUS/DISSENSUS | ||
Rootrade | Justification | It provides facts. The idea of connecting people to local/sustainable food sources is widely accepted. Yet, the price comparisons could result in discussion and disagreements on the value of local foods (in comparison to large retailers). | The application points to greenhouses and grocery stores, but does not create new spaces, just points to ones that exist. The solution has a relation to physical food growing and retail services. It also serves to create a virtual community for the users (a network/platform). |
Rating | Consensus: 2 Dissensus: 0 | Virtual: 2 Physical: 1 | |
Trouble with Takeout | Justification | There is a consensus on the need to shift from single use packages. This works to place pressure on retailers to make the shift (possible loss of income/profit). | The design aims to create a virtual space of knowledge about packaging. That is only connected to one aspect of the physical world (the packaging). It does not consider other aspects. The effect could lead to change in the physical world as well (i.e., reduction in landfill waste). |
Rating | Consensus: 2 Dissensus: 0 | Virtual: 2 Physical: 0 | |
The Power in the Reversibility of Light Pollution | Justification | The design aims to collect physical (light) data and results in physical solution (changing the light distribution and intensity plans of the city) | |
Rating | Consensus: 2 Dissensus: 1 | Virtual: 1 Physical: 2 | |
Illuminated Neighborhood | Justification | The design creates a physical object. | |
Rating | Consensus: 2 Dissensus: 0 | Virtual: 0 Physical: 2 | |
AQI Accessible | Justification | A consensus (fact) of air quality status. However, a dissensus on the use of knowing such info. | A physical station with a physical screen. |
Rating | Consensus: 2 Dissensus: 0 | Virtual: 0 Physical: 2 | |
Car commute awareness | Justification | Consensus on the negative impact of car use. Could lead to dissensus on actions needed within the community. | |
Rating | Consensus: 2 Dissensus: 0 | Virtual: 0 Physical: 2 | |
Under Artificial Skies | Justification | Reduction of energy waste is widely accepted. How it could be achieved is a key point of tension. | Energy waste is a virtual problem. That is here translated to a physical object. |
Rating | Consensus: 2 Dissensus: 0 | Virtual: 0 Physical: 2 | |
The Smart Bus Stop Don’t wait, learn instead! | Justification | Negative effect of car use is widely accepted. The effectiveness of public transit as an alternative (in its current conditions in Montréal/Canada) could be a topic of disagreement. | |
Rating | Consensus: 2 Dissensus: 1 | Virtual: 0 Physical: 2 | |
Our Unsustainable Coffee Habits | Justification | ||
Rating | Consensus: 2 Dissensus: 0 | Virtual: 2 Physical: 0 | |
Late Again? | Justification | Virtual knowledge is being created. | |
Rating | Consensus: 2 Dissensus: 0 | Virtual: 2 Physical: 0 |
Projects | SD IMPACT | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
RAISING AWARENESS/SOLICITING ACTION | COMMUNITY/INDIVIDUAL | PEOPLE/PLANET | ||
Rootrade | Justification | The design offers some awareness building by making data available and accessible. It also intends to solicit positive action by changing food purchase patterns. | It is both a community solution and one that touches individuals directly.The solution is focused on providing individuals with knowledge for food access. On the broader scale, by encouraging purchases from local growers, it could have community level impacts. | While there might be secondarily environmental benefits, they are not articulated in the intent of the project. |
Rating | Raising Awareness: 1 Soliciting Action: 1 | Community: 2 Individual: 2 | People: 2 Planet: 1 | |
Trouble with Takeout | Justification | The design offers to build awareness by making data available and accessible. It also intends to solicit positive action by changing food packaging choices. | The solution is focused on providing individuals with knowledge on packaging and to encourage individual retailers to change their packaging. On the broader scale, by encouraging this shift to sustainable packaging, it could have community level impacts. | The change from single use has some human benefits but it mainly aims at lowering the ecological footprint of to-go foods. |
Rating | Raising Awareness: 2 Soliciting Action: 2 | Community: 1 Individual: 2 | People: 1 Planet: 2 | |
The Power in the Reversibility of Light Pollution | Justification | The design’s main goal is to raise awareness about light pollution. The solution aims to be an outcome of the increased data availability. | The awareness portion of the project aims to target building knowledge in the community. The possible outcomes will also be felt on the community level (changes in citywide lighting patterns—rather than individual use of lights for example). | The problem is mainly ecological (although not articulated as such). There might be benefits to humans (health wise) but they are only secondary. |
Rating | Raising Awareness: 2 Soliciting Action: 0 | Community: 2 Individual: 0 | People: 1 Planet: 2 | |
Illuminated Neighborhood | Justification | Mainly raise awareness on consumption, but could help solicit positive energy actions. | The focus is on creating community experiences of lighting informed by energy use. However, this energy use is individual (people individually will have to change their energy use to create changes in the consumption). | The energy reduction helps people economically. Could have environmental benefits, but they are not intended nor articulated. |
Rating | Raising Awareness: 2 Soliciting Action: 1 | Community: 2 Individual: 1 | People: 1 Planet: 2 | |
AQI Accessible | Justification | It is unclear what type of actions are required from the viewers. | Air quality is a community issue. The power of the individual in creating change is limited. | Human health and quality of life is the main intent indicated. There could be some planet/ecological benefits, but the design does not address them. |
Rating | Raising Awareness: 2 Soliciting Action: 0 | Community: 2 Individual: 0 | People: 2 Planet: 1 | |
Car commute awareness | Justification | Unclear what action is required. It mainly aims to raise awareness | A sort of public shaming. The Co2 measurement aims to shift the individual use pattern to a community level problem. | Open to interpretation on both ends, but weak in both cases. |
Rating | Raising Awareness: 2 Soliciting Action: 0 | Community: 1 Individual: 1 | People: 1 Planet: 1 | |
Under Artificial Skies | Justification | No clear understanding of how individuals can take action. | It is unclear how individuals could act. the Intent is to hold the community accountable. | The intent describes some planetary benefits, but the main focus is anthropocentric. |
Rating | Raising Awareness: 2 Soliciting Action: 0 | Community: 2 Individual: 0 | People: 1 Planet: 2 | |
The Smart Bus Stop Don’t wait, learn instead! | Justification | Increase the use of public transit, but mainly raise awareness on the negatives of car use. | A small community target (change of car culture), but people are primarily individually targeted. | mainly focused on people their health and well-being. |
Rating | Raising Awareness: 2 Soliciting Action: 1 | Communit: 1 Individual: 1 | People: 1 Planet: 2 | |
Our unsustainable coffee habits | Justification | Action is secondary in this design. | A community problem, but also targeting individual choices. | It is ambiguous; all the benefits are secondary. |
Rating | Raising Awareness: 2 Soliciting Action: 0 | Community: 1 Individual: 1 | People: 1 Planet: 2 | |
Late again? | Justification | Awareness about bus efficiency, a social problem | Improving commute for individuals, but mainly leading to more community trust in public transit info. | |
Rating | Raising Awareness: 1 Soliciting Action: 2 | Community: 1 Individual: 2 | People: 2 Planet: 1 |
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Categories | Tension | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|
SUSTAINABILITY DOMAIN OF CONCERN | Tension between the social, economic, cultural, and environmental domains of sustainability. | Environmental | [64,65,66] |
Social | [68,69] | ||
Economic | [68,70] | ||
Cultural | [26,70,71,113] | ||
DATA | Tension between collecting data from the community and disseminating data through design to the community. | [27,28,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,50,51,72,76,77] | |
DESIGN | Tension between designing an entirely new artifact and designing only an add-on. | [78] | |
Tension between product- and system-based design. | [41,81,83,84,85,86,87,88,114] | ||
MODE OF DELIVERY OF MESSAGE | Tension between a physical or virtual type of solution. | [90] | |
Tension between activating widely accepted knowledge and encouraging provocative debate. | [92,93,94,95] | ||
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IMPACT | Tension between raising awareness and soliciting action. | [4,103] | |
Tension between community and individual-focused design. | [110,111,112] | ||
Tension between project benefits to people (and their socioeconomic system) and benefits to the planet (general ecological benefits—flora and fauna, and non-human benefits). | [96,97,98,99] |
Project Title and Students’ Name | Illustration | Problematic | Overarching Objective | What is the Message or Imperative? |
---|---|---|---|---|
The Power in the Reversibility of Light Pollution By: Molly Taylor, Kelly Patilla | Light pollution data. | Introducing a new way of collecting light pollution data. | Taking part in a short activity that will teach people how to measure the brightness of the current sky, which further raises their awareness of the city’s light pollution. | |
AQI Accessible By: Bianca Macleod, John Sales | Air quality information. | Monitoring and displaying air quality. | Not only educating the public but also providing them a role in gathering data. | |
Trouble With Takeout By: Jazmin Harrington, Dylan Razzell | Growing incidence of single-use plastics and Styrofoam containers. | Developing an app. | Informing consumers on which restaurants and cafés near them have environmentally friendly packaging. | |
Car Commute Awareness By: Kevin Mains, Florence Simard | An increasing number of cars on roads. | Making an installation. | Billboards and lights receive and announce data such as the number of vehicles passing the bridge. The project attempts to decrease air toxicities and traffic. | |
Under Artificial Skies By: Astou Touré, Lucia Giron | Light pollution and energy waste in Montreal. | Making an installation. | Quantifying the amount of energy wasted overnight due to light pollution to raise awareness. | |
The Smart Bus Stop Don’t wait, learn instead! By: Manuel Souris, Claire Duby Riou, Max Thomas | Amount of carbon emissions from individual cars. | Making an installation. | Making people aware of their daily carbon emissions from taking the car and how they can escape such emissions by taking the bus | |
Our Unsustainable Coffee Habits By: Laura Porto, Marco Nguyen-Cote | Waste generated by the consumption of single-use coffee cups. | Making an installation. | Raising awareness among the residents of Montreal regarding the issue of the waste generated by the consumption of single-use coffee cups. | |
Late again? By: Rees Tucker, Eric Riordon | Efficiency in public transportation. | Developing an app. | Increasing efficiency of public transportation in Montreal. | |
Illuminated Neighborhood By: Anastasia Statsenko, Patrizio McLelland | Energy consumption. | Making installations. | Constructing educational data visualization that urges residents to track their home energy use and to develop more sustainable habits. | |
Rootrade By: Lily Cowper, Oldri Kecaj | Scarcity of Montreal-north grocery stores low-incomes among residents. | Developing an app. | Acting as a grocery store map and cost-comparison app and allowing busy residents to purchase nutrient-rich vegetables from growers at greenhouses nearby. |
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Cucuzzella, C.; Hazbei, M.; Goubran, S. Activating Data through Eco-Didactic Design in the Public Realm: Enabling Sustainable Development in Cities. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4577. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084577
Cucuzzella C, Hazbei M, Goubran S. Activating Data through Eco-Didactic Design in the Public Realm: Enabling Sustainable Development in Cities. Sustainability. 2021; 13(8):4577. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084577
Chicago/Turabian StyleCucuzzella, Carmela, Morteza Hazbei, and Sherif Goubran. 2021. "Activating Data through Eco-Didactic Design in the Public Realm: Enabling Sustainable Development in Cities" Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4577. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084577
APA StyleCucuzzella, C., Hazbei, M., & Goubran, S. (2021). Activating Data through Eco-Didactic Design in the Public Realm: Enabling Sustainable Development in Cities. Sustainability, 13(8), 4577. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084577