Evaluation of Protein and Antioxidant Content in Apricot Kernels as a Sustainable Additional Source of Nutrition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Site of Planting and Plant Material
2.2. Determination of Total Protein Content (TPC)
2.3. Determination of Total Phenolic (TPHC and Flavonoid (TFC) Contents and Antioxidant Activity
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cultivar | Origin | Cultivar | Origin |
---|---|---|---|
Ackerman | Czech Republic | LI-3-6 | China |
Beta | Czech Republic | Luizet | France |
Bora | Italy | M52 | Ukraine |
Congat | France | Hungarian Best | Hungary |
Dovrtělova | Czech Republic | Marlen | Czech Republic |
Early Blush | USA | Mediabel | France |
Flavorcot | USA | Meligat | France |
H-848 | Czech Republic | Moldavskij Olimpik | Moldova |
Harostar | Canada | Orangered | USA |
Kioto | France | Pastyryk | Slovakia |
Kompakta | Czech Republic | Poljus Južnyj | Ukraine |
Koolgat | France | Pozdní chrámová | Czech Republic |
LE-5500 | Czech Republic | Priusadebnyj | Ukraine |
LE-5959 | Czech Republic | Samourai | France |
Leronda | Czech Republic | Velikyj | Ukraine |
LI-13-6 | China | Veselka | Slovakia |
Cultivar | Weight of Kernel (g) | Kernel-to-Stone Weight Ratio (%) | Taste | Cultivar | Weight of Kernel (g) | Kernel-to-Stone Weight Ratio (%) | Taste |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ackerman | 0.76 ± 0.01 | 29.5 ± 0.7 | bitter | LI-3-6 | 0.7 ± 0.06 | 35 ± 3 | bitter |
Beta | 1.04 ± 0.07 | 25 ± 2 | bittersweet | Luizet | 1.26 ± 0.01 | 36.1 ± 0.6 | sweet |
Bora | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 12 ± 7 | bittersweet | M52 | 0.97 ± 0.06 | 27 ± 2 | bitter |
Congat | 1.22 ± 0.07 | 32 ± 1 | sweet | Hungarian Best | 0.72 ± 0.02 | 27.3 ± 0.8 | sweet |
Dovrtělova | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 21 ± 4 | sweet | Marlen | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 27 ± 1 | sweet |
Early Blush | 0.90 ± 0.09 | 33 ± 1 | sweet | Mediabel | 0.84 ± 0.05 | 30.2 ± 0.5 | sweet |
Flavorcot | 1.02 ± 0.08 | 36 ± 4 | bittersweet | Meligat | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 45 ± 2 | sweet |
H 848 | 1.07 ± 0.05 | 34 ± 1 | bitter | Moldavský Olimpik | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 34 ± 2 | sweet |
Harostar | 0.98 ± 0.09 | 31 ± 1 | bittersweet | Orangered | 1.02 ± 0.05 | 37 ± 1 | sweet |
Kioto | 0.89 ± 0.04 | 33 ± 2 | bitter | Pastyryk | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 19 ± 1 | bittersweet |
Kompakta | 1.20 ± 0.09 | 25.9 ± 0.9 | bittersweet | Poljus Južnyj | 1.12 ± 0.05 | 37.4 ± 0.7 | sweet |
Koolgat | 0.78 ± 0.07 | 35 ± 2 | sweet | Pozdní chrámová | 1.02 ± 0.08 | 24 ± 1 | sweet |
LE—5500 | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 36 ± 2 | sweet | Priusadebnyj | 0.80 ± 0.04 | 42 ± 1 | sweet |
LE—5959 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 36 ± 3 | sweet | Samourai | 0.83 ± 0.04 | 32 ± 2 | bittersweet |
Leronda | 0.71 ± 0.05 | 35 ± 2 | bitter | Velikyj | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 36 ± 2 | bittersweet |
LI-13-6 | 0.57 ± 0.07 | 31 ± 4 | bitter | Veselka | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 27 ± 3 | sweet |
Cultivar | Total Protein Content (%) | Cultivar | Total Protein Content (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Ackerman | 21.6 ± 0.5 fg | LI-3-6 | 27.7 ± 0.6 op |
Beta | 23.5 ± 0.2 hij | Luizet | 15.3 ± 0.6 ab |
Bora | 22.9 ± 0.7 gh | M52 | 18.60 ± 0.07 de |
Congat | 24.3 ± 0.2 ijk | Hungarian Best | 17.4 ± 0.2 cd |
Dovrtělova | 19.2 ± 0.2 e | Marlen | 14.6 ± 0.4 a |
Early Blush | 20.7 ± 0.6 f | Mediabel | 23.9 ± 0.4 hijk |
Flavorcot | 27.0 ± 0.5 no | Meligat | 24.1 ± 0.6 hijk |
H-848 | 23.34 ± 0.06 hi | Moldavskij Olimpik | 21.52 ± 0.08 f |
Harostar | 21 ± 1 f | Orangered | 24.3 ± 0.3 ijk |
Kioto | 26.6 ± 0.1 no | Pastyryk | 26.9 ± 0.5 no |
Kompakta | 26.1 ± 0.8 mn | Poljus Južnyj | 16.9 ± 0.3 c |
Koolgat | 26.5 ± 0.4 mno | Pozdní chrámová | 21.6 ± 0.4 fg |
LE-5500 | 25.9 ± 0.3 lmn | Priusadebnyj | 15.5 ± 0.3 ab |
LE-5959 | 28.8 ± 0.2 p | Samourai | 17 ± 1 cd |
Leronda | 23.2 ± 0.1 hi | Velikyj | 25.2 ± 0.3 klm |
LI-13-6 | 24.7 ± 0.4 jkl | Veselka | 16.3 ± 0.1 bc |
Cultivar | Total Phenolic Content (mg GAE/100 g DW) | Cultivar | Total Phenolic Content (mg GAE/100 g DW) |
---|---|---|---|
Ackerman | 343.4 ± 0.9 o | LI-3-6 | 113.7 ± 0.6 b |
Beta | 318 ± 2 m | Luizet | 426.7 ± 0.9 q |
Bora | 1277 ± 5 u | M52 | 160 ± 1 ef |
Congat | 68.0 ± 0.7 a | Hungarian Best | 196 ± 3 gh |
Dovrtělova | 321.0 ± 0.7 mn | Marlen | 239.7 ± 0.2 j |
Early Blush | 330 ± 1 n | Mediabel | 139.8 ± 0.7 c |
Flavorcot | 161 ± 5 ef | Meligat | 289.2 ± 0.9 l |
H-848 | 144 ± 5 cd | Moldavskij Olimpik | 626 ± 2 r |
Harostar | 64 ± 1 a | Orangered | 236.0 ± 0.4 ij |
Kioto | 111.9 ± 0.5 b | Pastyryk | 346.4 ± 0.1 o |
Kompakta | 189.6 ± 0.3 g | Poljus Južnyj | 278.7 ± 0.5 k |
Koolgat | 226 ± 2 i | Pozdní chrámová | 648 ± 3 s |
LE-5500 | 349.3 ± 0.9 o | Priusadebnyj | 201.0 ± 0.4 h |
LE-5959 | 663 ± 1 t | Samourai | 233 ± 0.2 ij |
Leronda | 190.8 ± 0.4 g | Velikyj | 164 ± 3 f |
LI-13-6 | 139 ± 2 c | Veselka | 385 ± 1 p |
Cultivar | Total Flavonoid Content (mg CE/100 g DW) | Cultivar | Total Flavonoid Content (mg CE/100 g DW) |
---|---|---|---|
Ackerman | 38.0 ± 0.1 hi | LI-3-6 | 8.5 ± 0.3 abcd |
Beta | 5.9 ± 0.4 ab | Luizet | 52.3 ± 0.6 jk |
Bora | 153 ± 3 m | M52 | 13 ± 1 bcd |
Congat | --- a | Hungarian Best | 13 ± 1 bcde |
Dovrtělova | 37.4 ± 0.4 hi | Marlen | 15.0 ± 0.1 bcdef |
Early Blush | 30.2 ± 0.3 gh | Mediabel | 9.3 ± 0.5 abcd |
Flavorcot | 10.3 ± 0.3 abcd | Meligat | 18.4 ± 0.3 def |
H-848 | 14.1 ± 0.4 bcdef | Moldavskij Olimpik | 61.5 ± 0.5 kl |
Harostar | --- a | Orangered | 29.3 ± 0.2 gh |
Kioto | 6.4 ± 0.1 ab | Pastyryk | 9.1 ± 0.5 abcd |
Kompakta | 13.8 ± 0.5 bcde | Poljus Južnyj | 45 ± 9 ij |
Koolgat | 14 ± 0 bcde | Pozdní chrámová | 63.1 ± 0.8 l |
LE-5500 | 23.5 ± 0.4 efg | Priusadebnyj | 17.5 ± 0.4 cdef |
LE-5959 | 69 ± 1 l | Samourai | 24.2 ± 0.4 fg |
Leronda | 13.52 ± 0.06 bcde | Velikyj | --- a |
LI-13-6 | 7.9 ± 0.2 abc | Veselka | 31 ± 3 gh |
Cultivar | Antioxidant Activity (mg TE/100 g DW) | Cultivar | Antioxidant Activity (mg TE/100 g DW) |
---|---|---|---|
Ackerman | 983.12 ± 0.04 | LI-3-6 | 598.55 ± 0.05 d |
Beta | 757.54 ± 0.06 | Luizet | 837.5 ± 0.3 |
Bora | 2348.4 ± 0.6 | M52 | 597 ± 1 d |
Congat | 524.53 ± 0.03 | Hungarian Best | 591.06 ± 0.07 c |
Dovrtělova | 674.1 ± 0.2 | Marlen | 856 ± 2 |
Early Blush | 609.1 ± 0.2 e | Mediabel | 585.84 ± 0.05 b |
Flavorcot | 587.9 ± 0.1 bc | Meligat | 682.9 ± 0.1 g |
H-848 | 580 ± 1 a | Moldavskij Olimpik | 803.0 ± 0.3 |
Harostar | 483.41 ± 0.07 | Orangered | 620.4 ± 0.1 f |
Kioto | 608.0 ± 0.2 e | Pastyryk | 543.05 ± 0.02 |
Kompakta | 579.2 ± 0.1 a | Poljus Južnyj | 654.7 ± 0.13 |
Koolgat | 1427.6 ± 0.2 | Pozdní chrámová | 879.9 ± 0.4 |
LE-5500 | 615.5 ± 0.4 | Priusadebnyj | 553.13 ± 0.09 |
LE-5959 | 1205.0 ± 0.3 | Samourai | 649.1 ± 0.1 |
Leronda | 622.1 ± 0.1 f | Velikyj | 1600 ± 3 |
LI-13-6 | 719.5 ± 0.2 | Veselka | 685.5 ± 0.1 g |
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Rampáčková, E.; Göttingerová, M.; Gála, P.; Kiss, T.; Ercişli, S.; Nečas, T. Evaluation of Protein and Antioxidant Content in Apricot Kernels as a Sustainable Additional Source of Nutrition. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4742. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094742
Rampáčková E, Göttingerová M, Gála P, Kiss T, Ercişli S, Nečas T. Evaluation of Protein and Antioxidant Content in Apricot Kernels as a Sustainable Additional Source of Nutrition. Sustainability. 2021; 13(9):4742. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094742
Chicago/Turabian StyleRampáčková, Eliška, Martina Göttingerová, Pavel Gála, Tomáš Kiss, Sezai Ercişli, and Tomáš Nečas. 2021. "Evaluation of Protein and Antioxidant Content in Apricot Kernels as a Sustainable Additional Source of Nutrition" Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4742. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094742