Process Optimization of Waste Activated Sludge in Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production by Electrochemical Pre-Treatment Using Ruthenium Oxide Coated Titanium Electrodes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation and Electrode Coating
2.2. Experimental Procedures and Statistical Analysis
2.3. Analytical Methodology
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Disintegration and Dewaterability of WAS by Electrochemical Pre-Treatment
3.1.1. Process Analysis
3.1.2. Process Optimization by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
3.2. Anaerobic Digester Performance
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Mean Value (Standard Deviation) |
---|---|
pH | 7.02 ( |
Total solids (mg/L) | 41,500 (1301) |
Volatile solids (mg/L) | 26,020 (572) |
Mixed liquor suspended solids (mg/L) | 38,057 (1052) |
Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (mg/L) | 25,371(387) |
Total chemical oxygen demand (mg/L) | 35,850 (271) |
Soluble chemical oxygen demand (mg/L) | 935 (21) |
Capillary suction time (s) | 114 (9) |
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) (mg/L) 1 | 370 (12) |
Independent Variable | Code | Levels and Ranges (Coded) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
−1.68 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 1.68 | ||
pH | A | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
Sludge concentration (mg/L) | B | 10,000 | 15,000 | 20,000 | 25,000 | 30,000 |
Electrolysis time (min) | C | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 |
Current density (mA/cm2) | D | 2.5 | 5 | 7.5 | 10 | 12.5 |
Response | Model (F Value) | PLOF | AP | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
MLVSS removal (%) | 0.0002 | 0.0126 | 11.393 | 0.8759 |
sCOD | <0.0001 | 0.0059 | 11.544 | 0.9016 |
CST reduction (%) | <0.0001 | 0.0055 | 15.074 | 0.8867 |
EPS | <0.0001 | 0.0944 | 14.096 | 0.9199 |
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Heng, G.C.; Isa, M.H.; Lock, S.S.M.; Ng, C.A. Process Optimization of Waste Activated Sludge in Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production by Electrochemical Pre-Treatment Using Ruthenium Oxide Coated Titanium Electrodes. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4874. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094874
Heng GC, Isa MH, Lock SSM, Ng CA. Process Optimization of Waste Activated Sludge in Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production by Electrochemical Pre-Treatment Using Ruthenium Oxide Coated Titanium Electrodes. Sustainability. 2021; 13(9):4874. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094874
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeng, Gan Chin, Mohamed Hasnain Isa, Serene Sow Mun Lock, and Choon Aun Ng. 2021. "Process Optimization of Waste Activated Sludge in Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production by Electrochemical Pre-Treatment Using Ruthenium Oxide Coated Titanium Electrodes" Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4874. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094874