The Experimental Timber–UHPC Composite Bridge
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Program
2.2. Material Characteristics
2.3. Experimental Structure
2.4. Load Test of the Experimental Structure
3. Results
3.1. Load Test on the Experimental Structure
3.2. Load Test on Bridge Deck Segments
4. Discussion
4.1. Load Test on the Experimental Structure
4.2. Load Test on Bridge Deck Segments
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material Property | Mean Value | Number of Specimens | Coefficient of Variation | Standard Deviation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density | 2450 | kg/m3 | 48 | 0.84% | 20.6 |
Compressive strength (cubes a = 100 mm) | 144.2 | MPa | 36 | 11.4% | 16.4 |
Compressive strength (cylinder Ø150 mm) | 131.0 | MPa | 15 | 10.6% | 13.9 |
Modulus of elasticity | 49.6 | GPa | 15 | 3.70% | 1.8 |
Timber Grade | Density According to Standards [25] | Density Determined Experimentally |
---|---|---|
ρmean (kg/m3) | ρmean,real (kg/m3) | |
GL24h | 420 | 422 |
Characteristic value of bending strength, fm,k | 24.0 | MPa |
Characteristic value of tension strength parallel to grain, ft,0,k | 19.2 | MPa |
Characteristic value of shear strength, fv,k | 3.5 | MPa |
Mean value of modulus of elasticity parallel to grain, E0,g,mean | 11.5 | GPa |
Load Comb. | fd | M | V | W |
---|---|---|---|---|
(kN/m) | (kNm) | (kN) | (mm) | |
6.10 | 31.04 | 350 | 147 | 18.5 |
Characteristic | 22.99 | 259 | 109 | 13.7 |
Frequent | 13.99 | 158 | 66 | 8.3 |
Load Comb. | g | G | F | M | V | w | wnet,calc | wnet,meas |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(kN/m) | (kN) | (kN) | (kNm) | (kN) | (mm) | (mm) | (mm) | |
M—6.10 | 6.16 | 3 | 67.1 | 350 | 99 | 17.3 | 13.0 | 12.4 |
M—char. | 6.16 | 3 | 44.5 | 259 | 77 | 12.9 | 8.6 | 7.5 |
V—frequent | 6.16 | 3 | 34 | 217 | 66 | 10.8 | 6.6 | 6.2 |
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Holý, M.; Čítek, D.; Tej, P.; Vráblík, L. The Experimental Timber–UHPC Composite Bridge. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4895. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094895
Holý M, Čítek D, Tej P, Vráblík L. The Experimental Timber–UHPC Composite Bridge. Sustainability. 2021; 13(9):4895. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094895
Chicago/Turabian StyleHolý, Milan, David Čítek, Petr Tej, and Lukáš Vráblík. 2021. "The Experimental Timber–UHPC Composite Bridge" Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4895. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094895