Evaluation of Prospective Use of Existed CFRP-Strengthened Concrete Pipes in Forest Areas: Assessment of Their Structural Stability and Possible Re-Use
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Forest Roads
1.2. CFRP Strengthening of Re-Used RC Pipes
2. Materials and Methods
- (A)
- The first loading condition simulated a concrete pipe with permanent and live loads, simulating the soil above the pipe and potential crossing of moving trucks, equaling 80 kN as mentioned above.
- (B)
- The second loading condition was simulated a pipe in typical operation mode, representing water, silt and forest biomass. For this case, we applied an internal pressure of 4 atm. (total permanent and live loads + 4 atm)
- (C)
- The third loading condition simulated an extreme pressure condition of a potential flood. This was meant to simulate a biomass component, such as a large piece of driftwood or a thick tree trunk including foliage, becoming stuck in the pipe and causing a localized flood. For this case we applied an additional pressure of 4 atm. (total permanent and live loads + 8 atm)
- (D)
- The fourth loading condition simulated a pipe in typical operation mode along with deterioration of the prestressing spiral steel for a region of 200 mm. (total permanent and live loads + 4 atm)
3. Results and Discussion: Potential Application of CFRP for Forest Road Pipes
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stresses (MPa) | ||
---|---|---|
Loading Condition | Uniform Spiral Prestress | |
Inner Face | Outer Face | |
After pretension | −7.70 | −7.70 |
A. All external loads | −12.0 | −5.00 |
B. Operation mode | −11.5 | −0.00 |
C. Extreme flood demand | −7.50 | +0.33 |
D. Partial (200 mm) deactivation of prestress | −7.09 | +1.54 |
Stresses (MPa) on CFRP Surface | ||
---|---|---|
Loading Condition | 2 CFRP Layers | 4 CFRP Layers |
Outer Face | Outer Face | |
Strengthened RC pipes, C loading case | 1400 | 650 |
Strengthened RC pipes, Vertical load equals to 32tn | 1500 | 700 |
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Giovannopoulos, R.; Katakalos, K. Evaluation of Prospective Use of Existed CFRP-Strengthened Concrete Pipes in Forest Areas: Assessment of Their Structural Stability and Possible Re-Use. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4947. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094947
Giovannopoulos R, Katakalos K. Evaluation of Prospective Use of Existed CFRP-Strengthened Concrete Pipes in Forest Areas: Assessment of Their Structural Stability and Possible Re-Use. Sustainability. 2021; 13(9):4947. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094947
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovannopoulos, Rigas, and Konstantinos Katakalos. 2021. "Evaluation of Prospective Use of Existed CFRP-Strengthened Concrete Pipes in Forest Areas: Assessment of Their Structural Stability and Possible Re-Use" Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4947. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094947