Compositional Analysis of Street Market Food Waste in Brazil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Waste Fractions
2.2. Study Area
2.3. Waste Sampling and Sorting Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Food Waste Composition and Generation Rate
3.2. Data Extrapolation to City Level
3.3. Limitations
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fractions Level 0 | Fractions Level I | Fractions Level II | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Packaging | Packaging | Packaging | Plastic, wood, straw, paper, and cardboard. |
Avoidable food waste | Leaves, flowers, and stems | Broccoli and cauliflower | |
Cabbage | |||
Other | e.g., lettuce, spinach, parsley, coriander, and stems. | ||
Processed products | Tubers, bulbs, and roots | Products that are processed, e.g., peeled and cut, and are often sold in plastic trays. | |
Fruits and vegetables | |||
Leaves, flowers, and stems | |||
Tubers, bulbs, and roots | Potato | ||
Carrot | |||
Onion | |||
Other | e.g., garlic, beet, yam, cassava, turnip, and radish | ||
Vegetables | Tomato | It includes botanically classified fruits that are culinarily classified as vegetables, and seeds. | |
Pumpkin | |||
Bell pepper | |||
Chayote | |||
Other | e.g., zucchini, eggplant, cucumber, peppers, okra. | ||
Fruits | Banana | ||
Orange | |||
Watermelon | |||
Papaya | |||
Other | e.g., avocado, pineapple, peach, kiwi, lemon, mango, melon, strawberry. | ||
Meat | Meat | Beef, pork, chicken, seafood, etc. | |
Unavoidable food waste | Unavoidable food waste | Coconut | |
Sugarcane bagasse | |||
Peels | |||
External waste | External waste | External waste | Fractions that are not produced in the street market, but are collected together. |
Street Market | Name | Day of the Week | District | HDI | Number of Stalls | Total Waste Collected (kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SM 1 | Parque da Mooca | Tuesday | Parque da Mooca | 0.819 | 4 | 74.2 |
SM 2 | Sumaré Moderna | Tuesday | Pacaembú | 0.868 | 73 | 1523.7 |
SM 3 | Baturité | Wednesday | Aclimação | 0.823 | 40 | 1033.9 |
SM 4 | Belém | Thursday | Belenzinho | 0.790 | 39 | 1483.5 |
Fractions (Level II) | SM 1 | SM 2 | SM 3 | SM 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Packaging | ||||
Packaging | 2.00 | 3.07 | 3.40 | 5.89 |
Leaves, flowers, and stems | ||||
Broccoli and cauliflower | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.17 |
Cabbage | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Other | 0.00 | 1.17 | 6.80 | 7.55 |
Processed products | ||||
Tubers, bulbs, and roots | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Fruits and vegetables | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Leaves, flowers, and stems | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Tubers, bulbs, and roots | ||||
Potato | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.36 |
Carrot | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.07 |
Onion | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.26 |
Other | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.16 |
Vegetables | ||||
Tomato | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 1.22 |
Pumpkin | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.02 |
Bell pepper | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Chayote | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Other | 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.10 | 0.29 |
Fruits | ||||
Banana | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.40 | 0.22 |
Orange | 0.00 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.53 |
Watermelon | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.22 | 0.00 |
Papaya | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.07 |
Other | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.58 | 2.89 |
Unavoidable food waste | ||||
Coconut | 6.26 | 9.02 | 4.59 | 4.30 |
Sugarcane bagasse | 8.44 | 1.40 | 1.66 | 3.27 |
Peels | 0.19 | 1.45 | 3.32 | 7.21 |
Meat | ||||
Meat | 0.00 | 3.41 | 1.35 | 0.07 |
External waste | ||||
External waste | 1.56 | 0.57 | 2.74 | 3.49 |
Variable | Unit | Mass Per Stall |
---|---|---|
Mean | kg | 23.7 |
SE Mean a | kg | 3.8 |
StDev b | kg | 7.6 |
CoefVar c | 32.1 | |
Minimum | kg | 17.0 |
Q1 d | kg | 17.8 |
Median | kg | 21.7 |
Q3 e | kg | 31.7 |
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Brancoli, P.; Makishi, F.; Lima, P.G.; Rousta, K. Compositional Analysis of Street Market Food Waste in Brazil. Sustainability 2022, 14, 7014. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127014
Brancoli P, Makishi F, Lima PG, Rousta K. Compositional Analysis of Street Market Food Waste in Brazil. Sustainability. 2022; 14(12):7014. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127014
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrancoli, Pedro, Fausto Makishi, Paula Garcia Lima, and Kamran Rousta. 2022. "Compositional Analysis of Street Market Food Waste in Brazil" Sustainability 14, no. 12: 7014. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127014