The Classification and Regulation of Mountain Villages in the Context of Rural Revitalization—The Example of Zhaotong, Yunnan Province
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Overview of the Study Area
2.2. Data Sources
2.3. Research Method
2.3.1. Evaluation of Village Development Potential Based on AHP
2.3.2. Classification of Villages Based on Village Development Potential and VCM
3. Results
3.1. Analysis of Village Development Potential
3.2. Analysis of Village Classification Result
4. Village Classification and Remediation Strategies
- (1)
- Suburban Integrated Villages
- (2)
- Agglomeration and Upgrading Villages
- (3)
- Characteristic Conservation Villages
- (4)
- Relocated and Merged Villages
- (5)
- Temporarily Ambiguous Villages
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- In constructing the development potential index, in addition to conventional indicators, terrain factors such as slope, geological hazards, and other disaster factors are included, which can more comprehensively and accurately reflect the characteristics of mountain villages.
- (2)
- The development potential scores of villages in Zhaotong are generally not high, and the spatial distribution is uneven and has strong heterogeneity. The development potential of villages in the northern and central counties is relatively low compared to the development potential of villages in the eastern and western counties, which is higher.
- (3)
- Combined with “Plan”, the villages in Zhaotong are divided into five categories, namely, agglomeration and upgrading, suburban integrated, relocated and merged, temporarily ambiguous, and characteristic conservation types. In terms of quantity, the rank of each category from largest to smallest is agglomeration and upgrading > suburban integrated > relocated and merged > temporarily ambiguous> characteristic conservation. From a spatial point of view, the spatial distribution of agglomeration and upgrading, relocated and merged, and suburban integrated types is relatively concentrated. The characteristic conservation type and the temporarily ambiguous type are scattered.
- (4)
- Due to the high cost of maintaining public service facilities in mountain villages and many hollow villages and abandoned villages in rural settlements, different types of village remediation strategies for mountainous regions are proposed. With the understanding that services will be allocated dynamically, a hierarchical scheme for implementing public services is proposed.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Data | Type | Time | Source |
---|---|---|---|
NPP/VIIRS night light remote sensing data | raster data | 2018 | Corolla University of Mines Academic Departments |
Various land use data | vector data | Zhaotong Municipal Natural Resources Department | |
Geohazard Data | vector data | ||
Administrative division data at all levels | vector data | ||
DEM data | raster data | 2018 | NASA |
Population density data | raster data | 2018 | Worldpop |
Seismic data | point data | Since 2010 | National Earthquake Science Data Centre |
POI data | point data | 2018 | Resource and Environmental Science Data Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
Target Layer | Factor Layer (Weights) | Indicator Layer (Weights) | Indicator Description |
---|---|---|---|
Evaluation of Village Development Potential | Socioeconomic scale (0.2352) | Population density (0.0784) | Number of people/square kilometer |
The level of economic development (0.1568) | The average nighttime light brightness value of the village | ||
Industry dependence (0.0501) | Agricultural dependence (0.0334) | The area of agricultural land in the village/Rural homestead area | |
Industrial dependence (0.0167) | Village industrial land area/Rural homestead area | ||
Local conditions (0.1205) | Urban radiation intensity (0.0753) | Distance to the nearest town development boundary | |
Highway proximity(0.0165) | Distance to nearest highway | ||
Proximity to roads in towns and villages (0.0287) | Distance to the nearest town or village road | ||
Completeness of public service facilities (0.0719) | Kindergarten (0.0355) | The number of kindergartens in each village | |
Primary and secondary schools (0.0224) | The number of primary and secondary schools in each village | ||
Hospital or health stations (0.0141) | The number of hospitals or health stations in each village | ||
Degree of disaster impact (0.4806) | Geological disaster (0.3204) | The number of geological disasters per village | |
Earthquake (0.1602) | Number of earthquakes per village | ||
Land suitability (0.0416) | Elevation (0.0139) | Village average | |
Slope (0.0278) | Village average |
Central Village | Grassroots Village | Scattered Households | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Types of village renovation | Suburban Integrated Villages | Included in Township Management Township standard | The population gradually enters the town Basic support | The population has priority for relocation to a town Relocation |
Agglomeration and Upgrading Villages | Do a good job in practical village planning Development standard | Gradually merge into the central village Basic support | Merge into central villages Survival standard | |
Characteristic Conservation Villages | Do a good job in the planning of conservation Development standard | Respect the will of the villagers Basic support | Proper retention of authenticity Survival standard | |
Relocated and Merger Villages | Incorporate into villages nearby Development standard | Gradual relocation No new configuration | Priority relocation No new configuration | |
Temporarily Ambiguous Villages | To be further cultivated and investigated Development standard | To be further cultivated and investigated Basic support | To be further cultivated and investigated Survival standard |
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Li, Z.; Miao, X.; Wang, M.; Jiang, S.; Wang, Y. The Classification and Regulation of Mountain Villages in the Context of Rural Revitalization—The Example of Zhaotong, Yunnan Province. Sustainability 2022, 14, 11381. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811381
Li Z, Miao X, Wang M, Jiang S, Wang Y. The Classification and Regulation of Mountain Villages in the Context of Rural Revitalization—The Example of Zhaotong, Yunnan Province. Sustainability. 2022; 14(18):11381. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811381
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Zehong, Xinran Miao, Mengyuan Wang, Shuguang Jiang, and Yuxian Wang. 2022. "The Classification and Regulation of Mountain Villages in the Context of Rural Revitalization—The Example of Zhaotong, Yunnan Province" Sustainability 14, no. 18: 11381. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811381