Between Tradition, Strategies and Taste: Understanding Fish Consumption Habits in Togo
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling and Data Collection
2.2. Models
2.2.1. Poisson Model
2.2.2. Heckman Selection Model and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Shrimp Consumption
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Results
3.1.1. Demographic Information
3.1.2. Reasons for Fish/Shrimp Purchasing and Consumption
3.1.3. Fish Origin and Provenance, “Local” vs. “Imported”
3.1.4. Obstacles to Shrimp Consumption
3.2. Econometric Results
3.2.1. Poisson Regression Model for Factors Influencing Fish Consumption Frequency
3.2.2. Willingness to Pay More for Locally Produced Shrimp
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Notation | Variable Name | Description | Variable Type/Criteria |
---|---|---|---|
Dependent Variable | |||
FCF | Fish/shrimp consumption frequency | Count variable 0, 1, 2, 3 … n | |
Independent variables | |||
Price | Average price of seafood purchased/consumed | Continuous variable | |
Quality | Quality of fish/shrimp often consumed | Binary variable: 1 = Good; 0 = bad. | |
Household head income | Household monthly income | Continuous variable | |
Proximity | Household living in area relatively near sea | Binary variable: 1 = Near; 0 = Far. | |
Household size | Number of people in the household | Continuous variable | |
Education | Years of schooling of the household head | Categorical variable: 0 = No formal education, 1 = Elementary school, 2 = Secondary, 3 = College | |
Age | Age of the household head (in years) | Continuous variable | |
Gender | Household head gender | Categorical: = 1 if the household head is female, 0 otherwise |
Item | Answer | % | Item | Answer | % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monthly income | <60 US Dollars | 15.9 | Price of seafood consumed | <USD 1 | 26.9 |
USD 60–148 | 27.3 | USD 1–USD 2 | 41.0 | ||
USD 148–208 | 13.6 | USD 2–USD 3 | 18.8 | ||
USD 208–248 | 7.5 | USD 3–USD 4 | 7.8 | ||
USD 248–394 | 13.9 | USD 4–USD 6 | 5.2 | ||
>USD 394 | 21.8 | >USD 6 | 0.3 | ||
Household size | 1 people | 4.9 | Seafood quantity purchased | <2 kg (kg) | 48.1 |
2 people | 10.4 | 2–4 kg | 40.6 | ||
3 people | 16.2 | 4–5 kg | 6.8 | ||
4 people | 21.4 | >5 kg | 4.5 | ||
5 people | 17.5 | Seafood purchasing frequency (per month) | <4 times | 2.3 | |
>5 people | 29.6 | 4–8 times | 10.1 | ||
Gender | Male | 72 | 8–12 times | 28.2 | |
Female | 28 | 12–16 times | 16.2 | ||
Willingness to pay extra-costs for shrimp locally farmed | Yes | 65.6 | >16 times | 43.2 | |
No | 34.4 |
Frequency | Coef. | Std. Err. | z | p > z |
---|---|---|---|---|
Averag_price_USD | 0.0114 | 0.013284 | 0.86 | 0.389 |
Quality | 0.1872 *** | 0.062391 | 3.00 | 0.003 |
Household_Income | −0.0217 ** | 0.009049 | −2.40 | 0.016 |
Proximity_Sea | −0.0775 ** | 0.032129 | −2.41 | 0.016 |
Household_Size | 0.0102 | 0.006469 | 1.57 | 0.116 |
Education | −0.0321 | 0.027747 | −1.16 | 0.247 |
Age | 0.0011 | 0.014678 | 0.07 | 0.943 |
Gender | −0.0537 | 0.034601 | −1.55 | 0.120 |
cons | 2.6008 *** | 0.115069 | 22.60 | 0.000 |
Price (Average) | Quality | H_Iincome | Proximity | H_Size | Edu | Age | Gender | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Price_average | 1.0000 | |||||||
Quality | 0.0062 | 1.0000 | ||||||
H_Income | 0.0864 | −0.0666 | 1.0000 | |||||
Proximity | −0.0059 | 0.0260 | −0.0008 | 1.0000 | ||||
H_size | −0.0530 | 0.0265 | 0.0626 | 0.0456 | 1.0000 | |||
Edu | 0.0017 | −0.1036 | 0.335 ** | 0.136 * | −0.106 | 1.0000 | ||
Age | −0.0165 | −0.0406 | 0.0378 | −0.0381 | 0.238 ** | −0.19 ** | 1.000 | |
Gender | 0.0738 | −0.0081 | −0.0148 | −0.0357 | 0.1056 | −0.0849 | 0.053 | 1.000 |
Coef. | Std. Err. | z | p > z | |
---|---|---|---|---|
WTP_Amount | ||||
Income | 0.0043 | 0.0325 | 0.13 | 0.895 |
Quality | 0.3462 ** | 0.1760 | 1.96 | 0.050 |
Expenditure | 0.0605 | 0.0376 | 1.61 | 0.107 |
Education | −0.0256 | 0.0933 | −0.27 | 0.784 |
Age | −0.0826 * | 0.0496 | −1.67 | 0.096 |
Gender | −0.0650 | 0.1119 | −0.58 | 0.561 |
Cons | 1.1213 | 0.3788 | 2.96 | 0.003 |
WTP | ||||
Shrimp_Consumption | 1.2396 *** | 0.2131 | 5.81 | 0.000 |
Quality | −0.3426 | 0.3126 | −1.10 | 0.273 |
Income | −0.0807 | 0.0498 | −1.62 | 0.105 |
Expenditure | 0.1794 *** | 0.0554 | 3.23 | 0.001 |
Proximity | −0.2529 | 0.1625 | −1.56 | 0.120 |
Education | 0.0720 | 0.1462 | 0.49 | 0.622 |
Age | −0.0244 | 0.0739 | −0.33 | 0.740 |
Gender | −0.1910 | 0.1740 | −1.08 | 0.281 |
Cons | −0.5947 | 0.6002 | −0.99 | 0.322 |
athrho | −0.1700 | 0.2761 | −0.62 | 0.538 |
lnsigma | −0.3483 | 0.0543 | −6.42 | 0.000 |
Rho | −0.1684 | 0.2683 | ||
Sigma | 0.7058 | 0.0383 | ||
Lambda | −0.1188 | 0.1920 |
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Che, B.; N’Souvi, K.; Sun, C.; Leibrecht, M.; Nantob, B. Between Tradition, Strategies and Taste: Understanding Fish Consumption Habits in Togo. Sustainability 2022, 14, 11475. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811475
Che B, N’Souvi K, Sun C, Leibrecht M, Nantob B. Between Tradition, Strategies and Taste: Understanding Fish Consumption Habits in Togo. Sustainability. 2022; 14(18):11475. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811475
Chicago/Turabian StyleChe, Bin, Kodjo N’Souvi, Chen Sun, Markus Leibrecht, and Bingainkiya Nantob. 2022. "Between Tradition, Strategies and Taste: Understanding Fish Consumption Habits in Togo" Sustainability 14, no. 18: 11475. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811475