Ecological Innovation: Sustainable Development in Slovakia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- Perception of innovations in thermal insulation;
- Perception of innovation in the use of ecological heating;
- Perception of innovations in the field of electricity saving;
- Perception of innovations in the field of water saving;
- Perception of innovation in the use of local materials;
- Perception of innovation in the use of natural and renewable materials;
- Perception of innovation in the use of recycled and recyclable materials;
- Perception of innovation in the use of low-emission materials;
- Perception of innovation in the use of electric cars;
- Perception of innovation in the use of hybrid cars;
- Perception of innovation in the use of cars with internal combustion engines;
- Perception of eco-innovation in public transport.
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- Mandatory: the use of cars with internal combustion engine. Therefore, the risks of technology bans must be explored, along with the reasons why the development of internal combustion engines alongside biofuels is still and continues to be necessary for cleaner mobility. The potential of biofuels to generate clean energy should be addressed.
- Attractive: thermal insulation, use of natural and renewable materials and public transport.
- One-dimensional: heating and use of recyclable materials. The use of renewable energies in the domestic heating and cooling sector is a key strategy to improve final energy consumption.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factor n = 1231 | Specification | Multiplicity | |
---|---|---|---|
Absolute (Number of Respondents) | Relative (%) | ||
Age | 18–30 | 386 | 31.36 |
31–50 | 379 | 30.79 | |
51–60 | 308 | 25.02 | |
61 and over | 158 | 12.83 | |
Gender | Female | 789 | 64.09 |
Male | 442 | 35.91 |
Answer to the Dysfunctional Question | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Like | Acceptable | No Feeling | Mandatory | Do Not Like | ||
Answer to the Functional Question | Like | Q. | A. | A. | A. | O. |
Acceptable | R. | I. | I. | I. | M. | |
No Feeling | R. | I. | I. | I. | M. | |
Mandatory | R. | I. | I. | I. | M. | |
Do not like | R. | R. | R. | R. | Q. |
Quadrants | Ratio Between | Customer Satisfaction |
---|---|---|
Attractive offerings | 0.5 ≤ CS ≤ 1 and 0 ≥ CDS > −0.5 | Attractive values include requirements that lead exponentially to an increase in consumer satisfaction. |
Indifferent offerings | 0 ≤ CS < 0.5 and 0 ≥ CDS > −0.5 | Indifferent requirements not influencing the consumers’ satisfaction and dissatisfaction. |
Mandatory offerings | 0 ≤ CS < 0.5 and −0.5 ≥ CDS ≥ −1 | The mandatory requirements are a significant point of view because in the case of their non-compliance they cause strong dissatisfaction. |
One-dimensional offerings | 0.5 ≤ CS ≤ 1 and −0.5 ≥ CDS ≥ −1 | The more requirements are met, the more satisfied the consumer is. |
Properties n = 1231 | A | I | M | O | Q | R | Consumer satisfaction | Consumer dissatisfaction | Categories | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Multiplicity | Multiplicity | Multiplicity | Multiplicity | Multiplicity | Multiplicity | |||||||||||
Relative | Absolute | Relative | Absolute | Relative | Absolute | Relative | Absolute | Relative | Absolute | Relative | Absolute | |||||
Perception of eco-innovation | in thermal insulation | 321 | 26.08 | 258 | 20.96 | 124 | 10.07 | 345 | 28.03 | 28 | 2.27 | 155 | 12.59 | 0.635 | 0.448 | O |
in the use of ecological heating | 241 | 19.58 | 227 | 18.44 | 231 | 18.77 | 263 | 21.36 | 12 | 0.97 | 257 | 20.88 | 0.524 | 0.514 | O | |
in the field of electricity saving | 242 | 19.66 | 366 | 29.73 | 164 | 13.32 | 202 | 16.41 | 45 | 3.66 | 212 | 17.22 | 0.456 | 0.376 | I | |
in the field of water saving | 142 | 11.54 | 574 | 46.63 | 182 | 14.78 | 189 | 15.35 | 16 | 1.30 | 128 | 10.40 | 0.305 | 0.341 | I | |
in the use of local materials | 113 | 9.18 | 482 | 39.16 | 106 | 8.61 | 402 | 32.66 | 14 | 1.14 | 114 | 9.26 | 0.467 | 0.461 | I | |
in the use of natural and renewable materials | 346 | 28.11 | 321 | 26.08 | 128 | 10.40 | 326 | 26.48 | 16 | 1.30 | 94 | 7.64 | 0.599 | 0.405 | A | |
in the use of recycled and recyclable materials | 54 | 4.39 | 184 | 14.95 | 8 | 0.65 | 486 | 39.48 | 24 | 1.95 | 475 | 38.59 | 0.738 | 0.675 | O | |
in the production of low-emission materials using pollutants | 189 | 15.35 | 426 | 34.61 | 223 | 18.12 | 279 | 22.66 | 12 | 0.97 | 102 | 8.29 | 0.419 | 0.449 | I | |
in the use of electric cars | 116 | 9.42 | 268 | 21.77 | 152 | 12.35 | 204 | 16.57 | 9 | 0.73 | 482 | 39.16 | 0.432 | 0.481 | R | |
in the use of hybrid cars | 256 | 20.80 | 263 | 21.36 | 231 | 18.77 | 227 | 18.44 | 13 | 1.06 | 241 | 19.58 | 0.494 | 0.469 | I | |
in the use of cars with internal combustion engines | 168 | 13.65 | 362 | 29.41 | 598 | 48.58 | 25 | 2.03 | 78 | 6.34 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.167 | 0.540 | M | |
in public transport | 51 | 4.14 | 477 | 38.75 | 18 | 1.46 | 504 | 40.94 | 17 | 1.38 | 164 | 13.32 | 0.529 | 0.497 | I |
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Loučanová, E.; Olšiaková, M.; Štofková, J. Ecological Innovation: Sustainable Development in Slovakia. Sustainability 2022, 14, 12620. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912620
Loučanová E, Olšiaková M, Štofková J. Ecological Innovation: Sustainable Development in Slovakia. Sustainability. 2022; 14(19):12620. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912620
Chicago/Turabian StyleLoučanová, Erika, Miriam Olšiaková, and Jana Štofková. 2022. "Ecological Innovation: Sustainable Development in Slovakia" Sustainability 14, no. 19: 12620. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912620