Distinct Changes in Abundance of Culturable Microbial Community and Respiration Activities in Response to Mineral–Organic Mixture Application in Contaminated Soil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Soil Material Properties
2.2. Design and Conduct of the Pot Experiment
2.3. Chemical Analyses in Soil Material
2.4. Microbiological Analyses of Soil
2.5. Respiration Activity
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Changes in Soil Physicochemical Properties
3.2. Abundance of Culturable Microorganisms in Soil
3.3. Changes in Soil Respiration Activity
4. Discussion
4.1. Mineral–Organic Mixture Application Affects Soil Physicochemical Properties
4.2. Mineral–Organic Mixture Application Impact on Microorganism Abundance
4.3. Changes in Respiration Activity in Soil
4.4. Correlation between Physicochemical Properties and Culturable Microorganisms’ Population
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Determinant | Value | Determinant | Value |
---|---|---|---|
Fraction 2–0.5 mm | 85% | N total | 0.40 g∙kg−1 DM |
Fraction 0.05–0.002 mm | 12% | C total | 5.74 g∙kg−1 DM |
Fraction < 0.002 | 3% | S total | 0.118 g∙kg−1 DM |
pH H2O | 5.24 | Pb total | 188 ± 15 mg∙kg−1 DM |
pH KCl | 5.03 | Cd total | 1.15 ± 0.08 mg∙kg−1 DM |
EC | 273 µS∙cm−1 | Zn total | 267 ± 18 mg∙kg−1 DM |
Cr total | 5.32 ± 0.73 mg∙kg−1 DM | ||
Cu total | 5.14 ± 1.33 mg∙kg−1 DM | ||
Ni total | 2.22 ± 0.18 mg∙kg−1 DM |
Symbol | Mineral Salt | Zeolite–Vermiculite Composite | Lignite | Leonardite |
---|---|---|---|---|
C | - | - | - | - |
MF | NPK | - | - | - |
NaX–Ver3%L3% | NPK | 3% | 3% | - |
NaX–Ver9%L6% | NPK | 9% | 6% | - |
NaX–Ver3%Leo3% | NPK | 3% | - | 3% |
NaX–Ver9%Leo6% | NPK | 9% | - | 6% |
pH H2O | pH KCl | EC (µS·cm−1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | 1st year | 2nd year | 1st year | 2nd year | 1st year | 2nd year |
C | 5.91 c ± 0.10 | 5.97 c ± 0.12 | 5.24 d ± 0.05 | 5.34 d ± 0.08 | 269 b ± 23.3 | 341 c ± 9.18 |
MF | 5.28 ab ± 0.06 | 5.34 b ± 0.16 | 4.81 bc ± 0.09 | 4.79 ab ± 0.15 | 351 c ± 7.59 | 763 h ± 20.8 |
NaX–Ver3%L3% | 5.22 ab ± 0.12 | 5.17 ab ± 0.13 | 4.90 bc ± 0.06 | 4.65 a ± 0.05 | 400 d ± 2.05 | 710 g ± 15.1 |
NaX–Ver6%L6% | 5.30 ab ± 0.07 | 5.25 ab ± 0.18 | 4.89 c ± 0.06 | 4.74 a ± 0.16 | 231 a ± 5.88 | 641 f ± 49.1 |
NaX–Ver3%Leo3% | 5.31 b ± 0.16 | 5.24 ab ± 0.13 | 4.84 c ± 0.07 | 4.67 a ± 0.12 | 434 d ± 4.92 | 699 g ± 52.9 |
NaX–Ver6%Leo6% | 5.23 ab ± 0.05 | 5.09 a ± 0.14 | 4.89 c ± 0.12 | 4.61 a ± 0.17 | 559 e ± 6.94 | 1112 i ± 33.0 |
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Wolny-Koładka, K.; Jarosz, R.; Juda, M.; Mierzwa-Hersztek, M. Distinct Changes in Abundance of Culturable Microbial Community and Respiration Activities in Response to Mineral–Organic Mixture Application in Contaminated Soil. Sustainability 2022, 14, 15004. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215004
Wolny-Koładka K, Jarosz R, Juda M, Mierzwa-Hersztek M. Distinct Changes in Abundance of Culturable Microbial Community and Respiration Activities in Response to Mineral–Organic Mixture Application in Contaminated Soil. Sustainability. 2022; 14(22):15004. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215004
Chicago/Turabian StyleWolny-Koładka, Katarzyna, Renata Jarosz, Michał Juda, and Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek. 2022. "Distinct Changes in Abundance of Culturable Microbial Community and Respiration Activities in Response to Mineral–Organic Mixture Application in Contaminated Soil" Sustainability 14, no. 22: 15004. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215004