Leveraging the Entrepreneurial Method as a Tool for the Circular Economy: The Case of Wood Waste

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

Dear authors,

This is a very interesting paper.

Here are my suggestions.

Would you consider not to start with two direct citations? Could you put those issues in your own terms?

Please see the sentence: "Critically, this stakeholder ESG and reputational concerns extend forward and backward throughout the organization's value 
chain [4]" - in this sentence I wonder: is ESG (legislation and standardization) a stakeholder? What do you mean by that? I´m afraid I did not understood what is your idea.

When you say: "The externalities resulting from forestry include climate change impacts, waste disposal, and landfill concerns, water/food/fiber security, and CSR governance issues force firms in the forestry sector to reconsider their relationship with the natural, social and regulatory environments." , you are certainly referring to a specific set of ESG standards - which one (there are several)?

Also in the introduction: which is the investigation question? Which is the gap that this work is going to fill? These issues are going to help you in the discussion ande the conclusions.

Then, you refer 3M corporation and Licella - why are these corporations so relevant in order to be considered in the text - can you, please explain it briefly? Are there another corporations that are relevant? Or only this ones? Why?

About the three cases, the discussion and conclusions: which is the added value of these cases? 

In terms of entrepreneurship what are the results - I can hardly see one...

In summary, what is the added value of this study, by relating it in terms of circular economy and entrepreneurship?

In my opinion, if the author(s) can manage to answer to these issues, the aims of the work will be accomplished.

Author Response

Response to Reviewer 1 Comments

Thank you for the clear and constructive feedback.

Point 1: Would you consider not to start with two direct citations? Could you put those issues in your own terms?

Response 1: We have rewritten these sections in our own words.

 

Point 2: Please see the sentence: "Critically, this stakeholder ESG and reputational concerns extend forward and backward throughout the organization's value chain [4]" - in this sentence I wonder: is ESG (legislation and standardization) a stakeholder? What do you mean by that? I´m afraid I did not understood what is your idea.

Response 2: We have addressed this by adding clarification from lines 49-55: “Drawing on Miles, et al., (1997) [5] ISO 14000 is mentioned as to likely emerge as the international environmental management process standard. This will have an extensive impact on all stakeholders, including international buyers and international marketers where ISO14000 compliance will be encouraged or demanded by vendors. This surge can lead to even suppliers with a less focused environmental strategy being forced to adopt this if they want to remain part of the supply chain of large multinational corporations.” 

 

Point 3: When you say: "The externalities resulting from forestry include climate change impacts, waste disposal, and landfill concerns, water/food/fiber security, and CSR governance issues force firms in the forestry sector to reconsider their relationship with the natural, social and regulatory environments.", you are certainly referring to a specific set of ESG standards - which one (there are several)?

Response 3: No, we were not referring to any specific standard.  We have addressed this as stated above under Point 2 and in the document from Line 49-55.  

 

Point 4: Also in the introduction: which is the investigation question? Which is the gap that this work is going to fill? These issues are going to help you in the discussion and the conclusions.

Response 4: Thank you for mentioning this. We added a clear objective in the introduction and linked this to the contributions in the discussion and conclusion section. For instance from Line 132-140: “This paper aims at highlighting diversity in entrepreneurial actions and processes that can assist in utilizing these opportunities. By acknowledging strategic entrepreneurship as a way to pursue opportunities and to solve problems can assist in driving industries forward and making them more sustainable. Strategic entrepreneurship supports initiatives that combine and or integrate behaviors and resources that are aimed at developing new innovations [32]. By including the three selected cases we illustrate that the approach will depend on the entrepreneur-environment fit and using that is available to ensure a successful and sustained result.”

 

Point 5: Then, you refer 3M corporation and Licella - why are these corporations so relevant in order to be considered in the text - can you, please explain it briefly? Are there another corporations that are relevant? Or only this ones? Why?

Response 5: These are simply examples of many corporations that are engaged in these activities. 

 

Point 6: About the three cases, the discussion and conclusions: which is the added value of these cases? 

Response 6: We added a sentence to explain that these cases are mere illustrations of how different approaches and entrepreneur-environment fit can lead to sustainable and successful outcomes. We also reiterated these ideas in the conclusion section.

 

Point 7: In terms of entrepreneurship what are the results - I can hardly see one...

 Response 7: Yes indeed, thank you for mentioning this. We added the entrepreneurship-environment fit and how different strategies are used in their entrepreneurial approaches to the introduction, discussion, and conclusion sections. We also explicitly mentioned the entrepreneurship contribution in the conclusion section.

 

Point 8: In summary, what is the added value of this study, by relating it in terms of circular economy and entrepreneurship?

Response 8: We added a paragraph in the introduction and the discussion and conclusion sections to explain the contribution to entrepreneurship more clearly.

 

Point 9: In my opinion, if the author(s) can manage to answer to these issues, the aims of the work will be accomplished.

Response 9: Thank you again for taking the time to provide such thorough feedback.

 

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 2 Report

The article deals with a very topical topic.

The research topic is very important to people's lives.

The title introduces well to the described issue.

Abstract - contains the right structure and information.

For the authors to consider: Perhaps it is worth briefly characterizing three case studies? (What are the cases?)

Introduction

Line 31-39 - Text improperly formatted, typing inappropriate for a scientific journal.

Beginning a paragraph - the introduction should not begin with "someone else's words". Authors should introduce themselves to the topic. The two paragraphs cited are weakly related to each other. Please correct it.

Line 40-48, the authors should move from general, i.e. activities around the world in various industries, to detail i.e. forestry, paper, etc. in Australia.

I argue that authors should introduce a few sentences about the general world trend, supported by literature, e.g.

"The reuse of post-production or recycled materials is a modern trend used in many industries, e.g. in the production of chipboard

[Warguła, Ł., & Kukla, M. (2020). Determination of maximum torque during carpentry waste comminution. Wood Res, 65, 771-784. doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/65.5.771784], car tires [Stevenson, K., Stallwood, B., & Hart, A. G. (2008). Tire rubber recycling and bioremediation: a review. Bioremediation Journal, 12(1), 1-11.], plastic [Balakrishnan, P., & Sreekala, M. S. (2016). Recycling of Plastics. Recycling of Polymers: Methods, Characterization and Applications].

 

Line 60 - 68 - the authors may mention the reduction of the amount of post-production waste, e.g. by reducing the size of wood considered as waste in production processes [Ihnat, V., Lübke, H., Balberčák, J., & Kuňa, V. (2020). Size reduction downcycling of waste wood. Review. Wood Res, 65, 205-220.] or new algorithms to assist in better placement of the wood cutting lines [Tang, M.; Liu, Y.; Ding, F.; Wang, Z. Solution to Solid Wood Board Cutting Stock Problem. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 7790. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11177790].

The introduction at the end of the chapter lacks the thesis and purpose. What do the authors want to show? Why are they writing this article? How does the diagnosis in the introduction affect the further information described in this article. Maybe the authors should write it in the article?

Line 166 - it is worth citing publications that describe the effect on the mass of biomass.

E.g.

• Tests of the material for chipping refer mostly to parts of a tree (trunk or branches)

Spinelli, R.; Magagnotti, N.; Paletto, G.; Preti, C. Determining the impact of some wood characteristics on the performance of a mobile chipper. Silva Fenn. 2011, 45, 85–95.

Nati, C.; Spinelli, R.; Fabbri, P. Wood chips size distribution in relation to blade wear and screen use. Biomass Bioenergy 2010, 34, 583–587.

Warguła, Ł.; Kukla, M.; Krawiec, P.; Wieczorek, B. Impact of Number of Operators and Distance to Branch Piles on Woodchipper Operation. Forests 2020, 11, 598. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11050598

Nati, C.; Eliasson, L.; Spinelli, R. Effect of chipper type, biomass type and blade wear on productivity, fuel consumption and product quality. Croat. J. For. Eng. 2014, 35, 1–7.

Pochi, D.; Civitarese, V.; Fanigliulo, R.; Spinelli, R.; Pari, L. Effect of poplar fuel wood storage on chipping performance. Fuel Process. Technol. 2015, 134, 116–121.

Magagnotti, N.; Spinelli, R. Determining the effect of feedstock type and chipping productivity, fuel consumption and quality output. In Proceedings of the Formec 2011 Conference Pushing the Boundaries with Research and Innovation in Forest Engineering, Graz, Austria, 9–13 October 2011; pp. 1–8.

Assirelli, A.; Civitarese, V.; Fanigliulo, R.; Pari, L.; Pochi, D.; Santangelo, E.; Spinelli, R. Effect of piece size and tree part on chipper performance. Biomass Bioenergy 2013, 54, 77–82.

Manzone, M.; Balsari, P. Productivity and woodchip quality of different chippers during poplar plantation harvesting. Biomass Bioenergy 2015, 83, 278–283.

Shahid, L.A.; Amjad, N.; Siddhu, M.A.H. Adaptation and performance evaluation of a tractor operated wood chipper shredder. Pak. J. Agric. Res. 2019, 32, 197–204.

Manzone, M. Energy consumption and CO2 analysis of different types of chippers used in wood biomass plantations. Appl. Energy 2015, 156, 686–692.

• tree species (softwood or hardwood)

Warguła, Ł., Kukla, M., Wieczorek, B., & Krawiec, P. (2022). Energy consumption of the wood size reduction processes with employment of a low-power machines with various cutting mechanisms. Renewable Energy, 181, 630-639.

Spinelli, R.; Magagnotti, N.; Paletto, G.; Preti, C. Determining the impact of some wood characteristics on the performance of a mobile chipper. Silva Fenn. 2011, 45, 85–95.

Nati, C.; Spinelli, R.; Fabbri, P. Wood chips size distribution in relation to blade wear and screen use. Biomass Bioenergy 2010, 34, 583–587.

Spinelli, R.; Magagnotti, N. Performance of a small-scale chipper for professional rural contractors. For. Sci. Pract. 2013, 15, 206–213. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Spinelli, R.; Eliasson, L.; Magagnotti, N. Increasing wood fuel processing efficiency by fine-tuning chipper settings. Fuel Process. Technol. 2016, 151, 126–130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Nati, C.; Spinelli, R. How blade wear of chippers can affect fuel consumption and wood chip size distribution. In Proceedings of the Forest Engeneering: Meeting the Needs of the Society and the Environment, Formec 2010, Padova, Italia, 11–14 July 2010; pp. 1–7. [Google Scholar]

Facello, A.; Cavallo, E.; Magagnotti, N.; Paletto, G.; Spinelli, R. The effect of chipper cut length on wood fuel processing performance. Fuel Process. Technol. 2013, 116, 228–233. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Manzone, M.; Spinelli, R. Wood chipping performance of a modified forager. Biomass Bioenergy 2013, 55, 101–106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Han, S.K.; Han, H.S.; Bisson, J.A. Effects of grate size on grinding productivity, fuel consumption, and particle size distribution. For. Prod. J. 2015, 65, 209–216.

• and moisture content in wood (fresh or dry)

Spinelli, R.; Magagnotti, N.; Paletto, G.; Preti, C. Determining the impact of some wood characteristics on the performance of a mobile chipper. Silva Fenn. 2011, 45, 85–95.

Nati, C.; Spinelli, R.; Fabbri, P. Wood chips size distribution in relation to blade wear and screen use. Biomass Bioenergy 2010, 34, 583–587.

Pochi, D.; Civitarese, V.; Fanigliulo, R.; Spinelli, R.; Pari, L. Effect of poplar fuel wood storage on chipping performance. Fuel Process. Technol. 2015, 134, 116–121.

• Tests referring to the machine itself focus on the type of working unit

Warguła, Ł., Kukla, M., Wieczorek, B., & Krawiec, P. (2022). Energy consumption of the wood size reduction processes with employment of a low-power machines with various cutting mechanisms. Renewable Energy, 181, 630-639.

Manzone, M.; Balsari, P. Productivity and woodchip quality of different chippers during poplar plantation harvesting. Biomass Bioenergy 2015, 83, 278–283.

Manzone, M. Energy consumption and CO2 analysis of different types of chippers used in wood biomass plantations. Appl. Energy 2015, 156, 686–692.

Spinelli, R.; Cavallo, E.; Eliasson, L.; Facello, A.; Magagnotti, N. The effect of drum design on chipper performance. Renew. Energy 2015, 81, 57–61.

• the drive unit (high-power industrial types or low-power types)

Nati, C.; Eliasson, L.; Spinelli, R. Effect of chipper type, biomass type and blade wear on productivity, fuel consumption and product quality. Croat. J. For. Eng. 2014, 35, 1–7.

Warguła, Ł., Kukla, M., Lijewski, P., Dobrzyński, M., & Markiewicz, F. (2020). Impact of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel systems in small engine wood chippers on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. Energies, 13(24), 6709.

Warguła, Ł., Kukla, M., Lijewski, P., Dobrzyński, M., & Markiewicz, F. (2020). Influence of the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) systems in woodchippers powered by small engines on exhaust emissions and operating costs. Energies, 13(21), 5773.

Warguła, Ł., Kukla, M., Lijewski, P., Dobrzyński, M., & Markiewicz, F. (2020). Influence of Innovative Woodchipper Speed Control Systems on Exhaust Gas Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Urban Areas. Energies, 13(13), 3330.

Manzone, M. Energy consumption and CO2 analysis of different types of chippers used in wood biomass plantations. Appl. Energy 2015, 156, 686–692.

Irdla, M.; Padari, A.; Kurvits, V.; Muiste, P. The chipping cost of wood raw material for fuel in Estonian conditions. For. Stud. 2017, 66, 65–74. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Laitila, J.; Routa, J. Performance of a small and medium sized professional chippers and the impact of storage time on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stem wood chips characteristics. Silva Fenn. 2015, 49, 1–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

• wear of knives blades,

Nati, C.; Spinelli, R.; Fabbri, P. Wood chips size distribution in relation to blade wear and screen use. Biomass Bioenergy 2010, 34, 583–587.

Nati, C.; Eliasson, L.; Spinelli, R. Effect of chipper type, biomass type and blade wear on productivity, fuel consumption and product quality. Croat. J. For. Eng. 2014, 35, 1–7.

Nati, C.; Spinelli, R. How blade wear of chippers can affect fuel consumption and wood chip size distribution. In Proceedings of the Forest Engeneering: Meeting the Needs of the Society and the Environment, Formec 2010, Padova, Italia, 11–14 July 2010; pp. 1–7. [Google Scholar]

Facello, A.; Cavallo, E.; Magagnotti, N.; Paletto, G.; Spinelli, R. The effect of chipper cut length on wood fuel processing performance. Fuel Process. Technol. 2013, 116, 228–233. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Manzone, M.; Spinelli, R. Wood chipping performance of a modified forager. Biomass Bioenergy 2013, 55, 101–106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Spinelli, R.; Magagnotti, N. Determining long-term chipper usage, productivity and fuel consumption. Biomass Bioenergy 2014, 66, 442–449. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Spinelli, R.; Glushkov, S.; Markov, I. Managing chipper knife wear to increase chip quality and reduce chipping cost. Biomass Bioenergy 2014, 62, 117–122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Spinelli, R.; Nati, C.; Sozzi, L.; Magagnotti, N.; Picchi, G. Physical characterization of commercial woodchips on the Italian energy market. Fuel 2011, 90, 2198–2202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

• the size of sieves

Nati, C.; Spinelli, R.; Fabbri, P. Wood chips size distribution in relation to blade wear and screen use. Biomass Bioenergy 2010, 34, 583–587.

Assirelli, A.; Civitarese, V.; Fanigliulo, R.; Pari, L.; Pochi, D.; Santangelo, E.; Spinelli, R. Effect of piece size and tree part on chipper performance. Biomass Bioenergy 2013, 54, 77–82.

Han, S.K.; Han, H.S.; Bisson, J.A. Effects of grate size on grinding productivity, fuel consumption, and particle size distribution. For. Prod. J. 2015, 65, 209–216.

Laitila, J.; Routa, J. Performance of a small and medium sized professional chippers and the impact of storage time on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stem wood chips characteristics. Silva Fenn. 2015, 49, 1–19.

Eliasson, L.; von Hofsten, H.; Johannesson, T.; Spinelli, R.; Thierfelder, T. Effects of sieve size on chipper productivity, fuel consumption and chip size distribution for open drum chippers. Croat. J. For. Eng.

Discussion and Conclusion

The authors must refer to the previously set goal and thesis.

Summarize the main conclusions of their work, what their article brought to the issue.

The article requires some work, it needs to be more precise, the authors have to emphasize what new they have discovered and what new they want to convey.

 

Author Response

Response to Reviewer 2 Comments

Thank you for the clear and constructive feedback.

Point 1: The article deals with a very topical topic. The research topic is very important to people's lives. The title introduces well to the described issue.

 Response 1: Thank you for the positive feedback.  

 

Point 2: Abstract - contains the right structure and information. For the authors to consider: Perhaps it is worth briefly characterizing three case studies? (What are the cases?)

 Response 2: We clarified this more in the introduction.

 

Point 3: Introduction. Line 31-39 - Text improperly formatted, typing inappropriate for a scientific journal.

 

Response 3: We have fixed the formatting issue and rewrote this section in our own words, omitting the quotation marks and changing the formatting to comply with the journal requirements.

 

Point 4: Beginning a paragraph - the introduction should not begin with "someone else's words". Authors should introduce themselves to the topic. The two paragraphs cited are weakly related to each other. Please correct it.

Response 4: Thank you for highlighting this. We rewrote this section in our own words and linked the two ideas more clearly.

 

Point 5: Line 40-48, the authors should move from general, i.e. activities around the world in various industries, to detail i.e. forestry, paper, etc. in Australia. I argue that authors should introduce a few sentences about the general world trend, supported by literature, e.g. "The reuse of post-production or recycled materials is a modern trend used in many industries, e.g. in the production of chipboard.

[Warguła, Ł., & Kukla, M. (2020). Determination of maximum torque during carpentry waste comminution. Wood Res, 65, 771-784. doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/65.5.771784],

car tires [Stevenson, K., Stallwood, B., & Hart, A. G. (2008). Tire rubber recycling and bioremediation: a review. Bioremediation Journal, 12(1), 1-11.],

plastic [Balakrishnan, P., & Sreekala, M. S. (2016). Recycling of Plastics. Recycling of Polymers: Methods, Characterization and Applications].

Response 5: These were added to the text.

 

Point 6: Line 60 - 68 - the authors may mention the reduction of the amount of post-production waste, e.g. by reducing the size of wood considered as waste in production processes [Ihnat, V., Lübke, H., Balberčák, J., & Kuňa, V. (2020). Size reduction downcycling of waste wood. Review. Wood Res, 65, 205-220.] or new algorithms to assist in better placement of the wood cutting lines [Tang, M.; Liu, Y.; Ding, F.; Wang, Z. Solution to Solid Wood Board Cutting Stock Problem. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 7790. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11177790].

Response 6: This is a useful suggestion, thank you. It has been added to the text.

 

Point 7: The introduction at the end of the chapter lacks the thesis and purpose. What do the authors want to show? Why are they writing this article? How does the diagnosis in the introduction affect the further information described in this article. Maybe the authors should write it in the article?

Response 7: Thank you for providing this feedback. We have added the following in Line 128 onwards to highlight the contribution and aim of this research: “This paper aims at highlighting diversity in entrepreneurial actions and processes that can assist in utilizing these opportunities. By including three cases we illustrate that the approach will depend on the entrepreneur-environment fit to ensure a sustained change in different situations.”

 

Point 8: Line 166 - it is worth citing publications that describe the effect on the mass of biomass.

E.g. Tests of the material for chipping refer mostly to parts of a tree (trunk or branches)

• Spinelli, R.; Magagnotti, N.; Paletto, G.; Preti, C. Determining the impact of some wood characteristics on the performance of a mobile chipper. Silva Fenn. 2011, 45, 85–95.
• Nati, C.; Spinelli, R.; Fabbri, P. Wood chips size distribution in relation to blade wear and screen use. Biomass Bioenergy 2010, 34, 583–587.
• Warguła, Ł.; Kukla, M.; Krawiec, P.; Wieczorek, B. Impact of Number of Operators and Distance to Branch Piles on Woodchipper Operation. Forests 2020, 11, 598. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11050598
• Nati, C.; Eliasson, L.; Spinelli, R. Effect of chipper type, biomass type and blade wear on productivity, fuel consumption and product quality. Croat. J. For. Eng. 2014, 35, 1–7.
• Pochi, D.; Civitarese, V.; Fanigliulo, R.; Spinelli, R.; Pari, L. Effect of poplar fuel wood storage on chipping performance. Fuel Process. Technol. 2015, 134, 116–121.
• Magagnotti, N.; Spinelli, R. Determining the effect of feedstock type and chipping productivity, fuel consumption and quality output. In Proceedings of the Formec 2011 Conference Pushing the Boundaries with Research and Innovation in Forest Engineering, Graz, Austria, 9–13 October 2011; pp. 1–8.
• Assirelli, A.; Civitarese, V.; Fanigliulo, R.; Pari, L.; Pochi, D.; Santangelo, E.; Spinelli, R. Effect of piece size and tree part on chipper performance. Biomass Bioenergy 2013, 54, 77–82.
• Manzone, M.; Balsari, P. Productivity and woodchip quality of different chippers during poplar plantation harvesting. Biomass Bioenergy 2015, 83, 278–283.
• Shahid, L.A.; Amjad, N.; Siddhu, M.A.H. Adaptation and performance evaluation of a tractor operated wood chipper shredder. Pak. J. Agric. Res. 2019, 32, 197–204.
• Manzone, M. Energy consumption and CO2 analysis of different types of chippers used in wood biomass plantations. Appl. Energy 2015, 156, 686–692.
• tree species (softwood or hardwood)
• Warguła, Ł., Kukla, M., Wieczorek, B., & Krawiec, P. (2022). Energy consumption of the wood size reduction processes with employment of a low-power machines with various cutting mechanisms. Renewable Energy, 181, 630-639.
• Spinelli, R.; Magagnotti, N.; Paletto, G.; Preti, C. Determining the impact of some wood characteristics on the performance of a mobile chipper. Silva Fenn. 2011, 45, 85–95.
• Nati, C.; Spinelli, R.; Fabbri, P. Wood chips size distribution in relation to blade wear and screen use. Biomass Bioenergy 2010, 34, 583–587.
• Spinelli, R.; Magagnotti, N. Performance of a small-scale chipper for professional rural contractors. For. Sci. Pract. 2013, 15, 206–213. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
• Spinelli, R.; Eliasson, L.; Magagnotti, N. Increasing wood fuel processing efficiency by fine-tuning chipper settings. Fuel Process. Technol. 2016, 151, 126–130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
• Nati, C.; Spinelli, R. How blade wear of chippers can affect fuel consumption and wood chip size distribution. In Proceedings of the Forest Engeneering: Meeting the Needs of the Society and the Environment, Formec 2010, Padova, Italia, 11–14 July 2010; pp. 1–7. [Google Scholar]
• Facello, A.; Cavallo, E.; Magagnotti, N.; Paletto, G.; Spinelli, R. The effect of chipper cut length on wood fuel processing performance. Fuel Process. Technol. 2013, 116, 228–233. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
• Manzone, M.; Spinelli, R. Wood chipping performance of a modified forager. Biomass Bioenergy 2013, 55, 101–106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
• Han, S.K.; Han, H.S.; Bisson, J.A. Effects of grate size on grinding productivity, fuel consumption, and particle size distribution. For. Prod. J. 2015, 65, 209–216.
• and moisture content in wood (fresh or dry)
• Spinelli, R.; Magagnotti, N.; Paletto, G.; Preti, C. Determining the impact of some wood characteristics on the performance of a mobile chipper. Silva Fenn. 2011, 45, 85–95.
• Nati, C.; Spinelli, R.; Fabbri, P. Wood chips size distribution in relation to blade wear and screen use. Biomass Bioenergy 2010, 34, 583–587.
• Pochi, D.; Civitarese, V.; Fanigliulo, R.; Spinelli, R.; Pari, L. Effect of poplar fuel wood storage on chipping performance. Fuel Process. Technol. 2015, 134, 116–121.
• Tests referring to the machine itself focus on the type of working unit
• Warguła, Ł., Kukla, M., Wieczorek, B., & Krawiec, P. (2022). Energy consumption of the wood size reduction processes with employment of a low-power machines with various cutting mechanisms. Renewable Energy, 181, 630-639.
• Manzone, M.; Balsari, P. Productivity and woodchip quality of different chippers during poplar plantation harvesting. Biomass Bioenergy 2015, 83, 278–283.
• Manzone, M. Energy consumption and CO2 analysis of different types of chippers used in wood biomass plantations. Appl. Energy 2015, 156, 686–692.
• Spinelli, R.; Cavallo, E.; Eliasson, L.; Facello, A.; Magagnotti, N. The effect of drum design on chipper performance. Renew. Energy 2015, 81, 57–61.
• the drive unit (high-power industrial types or low-power types)
• Nati, C.; Eliasson, L.; Spinelli, R. Effect of chipper type, biomass type and blade wear on productivity, fuel consumption and product quality. Croat. J. For. Eng. 2014, 35, 1–7.
• Warguła, Ł., Kukla, M., Lijewski, P., Dobrzyński, M., & Markiewicz, F. (2020). Impact of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel systems in small engine wood chippers on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. Energies, 13(24), 6709.
• Warguła, Ł., Kukla, M., Lijewski, P., Dobrzyński, M., & Markiewicz, F. (2020). Influence of the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) systems in woodchippers powered by small engines on exhaust emissions and operating costs. Energies, 13(21), 5773.
• Warguła, Ł., Kukla, M., Lijewski, P., Dobrzyński, M., & Markiewicz, F. (2020). Influence of Innovative Woodchipper Speed Control Systems on Exhaust Gas Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Urban Areas. Energies, 13(13), 3330.
• Manzone, M. Energy consumption and CO2 analysis of different types of chippers used in wood biomass plantations. Appl. Energy 2015, 156, 686–692.
• Irdla, M.; Padari, A.; Kurvits, V.; Muiste, P. The chipping cost of wood raw material for fuel in Estonian conditions. For. Stud. 2017, 66, 65–74. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
• Laitila, J.; Routa, J. Performance of a small and medium sized professional chippers and the impact of storage time on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stem wood chips characteristics. Silva Fenn. 2015, 49, 1–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
• wear of knives blades,
• Nati, C.; Spinelli, R.; Fabbri, P. Wood chips size distribution in relation to blade wear and screen use. Biomass Bioenergy 2010, 34, 583–587.
• Nati, C.; Eliasson, L.; Spinelli, R. Effect of chipper type, biomass type and blade wear on productivity, fuel consumption and product quality. Croat. J. For. Eng. 2014, 35, 1–7.
• Nati, C.; Spinelli, R. How blade wear of chippers can affect fuel consumption and wood chip size distribution. In Proceedings of the Forest Engineering: Meeting the Needs of the Society and the Environment, Formec 2010, Padova, Italia, 11–14 July 2010; pp. 1–7. [Google Scholar]
• Facello, A.; Cavallo, E.; Magagnotti, N.; Paletto, G.; Spinelli, R. The effect of chipper cut length on wood fuel processing performance. Fuel Process. Technol. 2013, 116, 228–233. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
• Manzone, M.; Spinelli, R. Wood chipping performance of a modified forager. Biomass Bioenergy 2013, 55, 101–106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
• Spinelli, R.; Magagnotti, N. Determining long-term chipper usage, productivity and fuel consumption. Biomass Bioenergy 2014, 66, 442–449. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
• Spinelli, R.; Glushkov, S.; Markov, I. Managing chipper knife wear to increase chip quality and reduce chipping cost. Biomass Bioenergy 2014, 62, 117–122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
• Spinelli, R.; Nati, C.; Sozzi, L.; Magagnotti, N.; Picchi, G. Physical characterization of commercial woodchips on the Italian energy market. Fuel 2011, 90, 2198–2202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
• the size of sieves
• Nati, C.; Spinelli, R.; Fabbri, P. Wood chips size distribution in relation to blade wear and screen use. Biomass Bioenergy 2010, 34, 583–587.
• Assirelli, A.; Civitarese, V.; Fanigliulo, R.; Pari, L.; Pochi, D.; Santangelo, E.; Spinelli, R. Effect of piece size and tree part on chipper performance. Biomass Bioenergy 2013, 54, 77–82.
• Han, S.K.; Han, H.S.; Bisson, J.A. Effects of grate size on grinding productivity, fuel consumption, and particle size distribution. For. Prod. J. 2015, 65, 209–216.
• Laitila, J.; Routa, J. Performance of a small and medium sized professional chippers and the impact of storage time on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stem wood chips characteristics. Silva Fenn. 2015, 49, 1–19.
• Eliasson, L.; von Hofsten, H.; Johannesson, T.; Spinelli, R.; Thierfelder, T. Effects of sieve size on chipper productivity, fuel consumption and chip size distribution for open drum chippers. Croat. J. For. Eng.

Response 8: Thank you for providing lots of useful references. We have added many of them to the revised paper.

 

Point 9: Discussion and Conclusion. The authors must refer to the previously set goal and thesis. Summarize the main conclusions of their work, what their article brought to the issue.

Response 9: We have linked our goals and contribution in the introduction with the main findings and conclusions. We also clearly articulated the contribution to entrepreneurship and how this research can benefit entrepreneurs on a practical level in the conclusions and discussion section.

 

Point 10: The article requires some work, it needs to be more precise, the authors have to emphasize what new they have discovered and what new they want to convey.

Response 10: Thank you for the considered feedback. We emphasized the contribution and main goals of the paper in the different sections as requested.

 

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Round 2

Reviewer 1 Report

Dear authors

The work has great improvements. 

I suggest a revision and a minor spell check on english language.

I also suggest the revision of the figures (the font size of tables and figures, as well as the size and formatting of the graphs).

Best wishes

Author Response

Dear Reviewer 1,

Thank you for your support and for taking the time to review our paper. We revised the paper and conducted the suggested language editing. We changed the font and adapted the sizing of the figure and table to be consistent with the journal requirements.  

Thank you again for your valuable input, it improved our paper. 

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 2 Report

The article raises an important scientific issue. The authors made big corrections, answered all questions. I recommend the article for printing. 

Author Response

Dear Reviewer 2, thank you for taking the time to assist us in improving the paper. We appreciate your support. 

 

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf