Spatial Coherency Model Considering Focal Mechanism Based on Simulated Ground Motions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Deterministic Physics-Based Simulation of Ground Motions
3. Estimation of Coherency of Simulated Ground Motion
4. Effect of Focal Mechanism on Coherency of Simulated Ground Motions
5. Focal Mechanism Dependent Coherency Model
6. Conclusions and Discussion
- (1)
- The coherency of simulated ground motions shows a decreasing trend with the increasing distance and frequency, indicating the reliability of the deterministic physics-based simulations;
- (2)
- For the parallel-to-fault site pair, more loss of coherency will be found, which is also observed in [30]. In addition, for the parallel fault component, the coherency of the dip-slip fault decays faster than that of the strike-slip fault; however, for perpendicular fault components, the strike-slip fault provides lower coherency. For the perpendicular-to-fault site pair, the larger the dip, the less loss of coherency;
- (3)
- The statistical analysis of the parameters, a and b, in the Loh coherency model, shows that a normal distribution is assigned to a, whereas b follows the beta distribution. The distribution parameters could be utilized to generate a and b for any unknown focal mechanism;
- (4)
- A focal-mechanism-dependent coherency model was proposed, based on the Loh coherency model. In terms of the comparison of coherency models, simulation-based models generally provide higher predicted coherencies than record-based models, except for the Ding 2020 model.
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Horizontal Components of Simulated Ground Motions | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parallel Fault | Perpendicular Fault | ||||
Fitted Distribution | Distribution Parameters 1 | Distribution Bounds | Distribution Parameters 1 | Distribution Bounds | |
a | normal | μ = 0.1768, σ = 0.06117 | (0.05,0.33) | μ = 0.1804, σ = 0.059 | (0.05, 0.3) |
b | beta | α = 3.16549, β = 5374.2296 | (0.00004,0.002) | α = 1.92026, β = 2937.6033 | (0, 0.0024) |
Rake (°) | Components of Simulated Ground Motions | P | λ1 | λ2 | λ3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | Parallel fault | a | m | 0.0002 | 0.0218 | 0.0903 |
c | −0.0026 | 0.0199 | 0.2579 | |||
q | −0.1600 | −1.9400 | 195.0000 | |||
k | −0.6570 | −0.7500 | 397.0000 | |||
n | 0.0015 | 0.0284 | 0.0135 | |||
t | 0.0157 | 0.0000 | 0.7730 | |||
b | m | 0.0000 | 0.0002 | 0.0002 | ||
c | 0.0249 | −1.4612 | 0.797 | |||
q | −0.3390 | −0.2500 | 210.0000 | |||
k | −0.1470 | 15.1000 | 367.0000 | |||
n | 0.0000 | −0.0001 | 0.0005 | |||
t | 0.0093 | 0.0000 | 0.7390 | |||
Perpendicular fault | a | m | −0.0001 | 0.0062 | 0.0980 | |
c | 0.0005 | −0.0735 | 0.0768 | |||
q | −0.0065 | −0.8750 | 181.0000 | |||
k | 0.0710 | −2.5600 | 366.0000 | |||
n | 0.0000 | 0.0398 | 0.0982 | |||
t | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 1.1700 | |||
b | m | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0002 | ||
c | −0.0106 | −1.3316 | 2.4462 | |||
q | 0.2080 | 2.5000 | 167.0000 | |||
k | −0.2060 | 33.4000 | 367.0000 | |||
n | 0.0000 | −0.0001 | 0.0005 | |||
t | −0.0005 | 0.0000 | 1.4100 | |||
90 | Parallel fault | a | m | 0.0006 | 0.0025 | 0.0745 |
c | 0.0018 | −0.0039 | 0.0376 | |||
q | 0.0805 | −2.3800 | 180.0000 | |||
k | 0.1690 | −2.0000 | 355.0000 | |||
n | 0.0002 | 0.0579 | 0.0584 | |||
t | 0.0026 | 0.0000 | 1.2400 | |||
b | m | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0001 | ||
c | 0.0145 | −1.6751 | 1.445 | |||
q | 0.0521 | 2.3100 | 175.0000 | |||
k | 0.1970 | 35.6000 | 339.0000 | |||
n | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0006 | |||
t | −0.0018 | 0.0000 | 1.4100 | |||
Perpendicular fault | a | m | −0.0002 | 0.0419 | 0.1260 | |
c | 0.0041 | −0.4342 | 0.4244 | |||
q | −0.2990 | 0.6250 | 205.0000 | |||
k | 0.0945 | 10.7000 | 358.0000 | |||
n | 0.0001 | 0.0149 | 0.0527 | |||
t | 0.0033 | 0.0000 | 0.9050 | |||
b | m | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | ||
c | −0.0126 | −0.2028 | 1.2409 | |||
q | −0.0973 | −4.3800 | 198.0000 | |||
k | 0.5210 | 16.2000 | 319.0000 | |||
n | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0004 | |||
t | 0.0064 | 0.0000 | 0.8420 |
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Wan, K.; Sun, X.; Liu, Y.; Ren, K.; Sun, X.; Luo, Y. Spatial Coherency Model Considering Focal Mechanism Based on Simulated Ground Motions. Sustainability 2022, 14, 1989. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14041989
Wan K, Sun X, Liu Y, Ren K, Sun X, Luo Y. Spatial Coherency Model Considering Focal Mechanism Based on Simulated Ground Motions. Sustainability. 2022; 14(4):1989. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14041989
Chicago/Turabian StyleWan, Keyu, Xiaodan Sun, Yu Liu, Kang Ren, Xiaoying Sun, and Yanqing Luo. 2022. "Spatial Coherency Model Considering Focal Mechanism Based on Simulated Ground Motions" Sustainability 14, no. 4: 1989. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14041989