Do Spatially Structured Soil Variables Influence the Plant Diversity in Tabuk Arid Region, Saudi Arabia?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sites
2.2. Floristic Data
2.3. Soil Variables
2.4. Spatial Variables
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Aldesah | Alzetah | Alawz | Harrah | Sharma | F-Value | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 7.860 ± 0.212 | 7.983 ± 0.129 | 8.167 ± 0.025 | 7.963 ± 0.218 | 7.947 ± 0.270 | 1.040 | 0.434 |
EC (mS cm−1) | 0.340 ± 0.312 | 0.193 ± 0.035 | 0.207 ± 0.067 | 0.260 ± 0.095 | 0.200 ± 0.050 | 0.499 | 0.737 |
Sand | 74.253 ± 21.911 | 89.117 ± 6.885 | 86.267 ± 9.621 | 77.237 ± 5.690 | 86.830 ± 6.450 | 0.930 | 0.785 |
Silt | 21.043 ± 19.661 | 8.230 ± 4.451 | 10.847 ± 9.358 | 18.970 ± 5.698 | 10.960 ± 5.152 | 0.860 | 0.520 |
Clay | 4.703 ± 2.318 | 2.653 ± 2.686 | 2.887 ± 2.794 | 3.793 ± 0.854 | 2.210 ± 2.126 | 0.582 | 0.683 |
Na (mg kg−1) | 0.948 ± 0.708 | 0.512 ± 0.331 | 0.564 ± 0.367 | 0.451 ± 0.278 | 0.568 ± 0.133 | 0.683 | 0.620 |
Ca (mg kg−1) | 0.610 ± 0.628 | 0.482 ± 0.097 | 0.292 ± 0.047 | 0.640 ± 0.257 | 0.378 ± 0.171 | 0.660 | 0.634 |
K (mg kg−1) | 0.227 ± 0.142 | 0.218 ± 0.198 | 0.122 ± 0.029 | 0.337 ± 0.182 | 0.261 ± 0.172 | 0.739 | 0.587 |
P (mg kg−1) | 4.567 ± 4.291 | 3.067 ± 1.097 | 3.100 ± 0.608 | 2.470 ± 0.590 | 4.100 ± 2.651 | 0.397 | 0.806 |
PO4 (mg kg−1) | 10.458 ± 9.827 | 7.023 ± 2.512 | 7.099 ± 1.393 | 5.656 ± 1.350 | 9.389 ± 6.072 | 0.379 | 0.806 |
OM (%) | 0.341 ± 0.260 | 0.211 ± 0.173 | 0.079 ± 0.036 | 1.022 ± 1.504 | 2.117 ± 1.051 | 3.087 | 0.048 |
HCO3 (mg kg−1) | 1.933 ± 0.971 | 1.333 ± 0.231 | 1.633 ± 0.321 | 2.000 ± 1.323 | 1.833 ± 0.764 | 0.317 | 0.860 |
Aldesah | Alzetah | Alawz | Harah | Sharma | ANOVA | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alpha diversity | 8.333 ± 3.512 | 26.333 ± 4.509 | 29.667 ± 4.163 | 24.000 ± 1.000 | 43.000 ± 4.583 | 32.204 * |
Shannon | 2.490 ± 0.468 | 3.742 ± 0.175 | 3.866 ± 0.148 | 3.657 ± 0.043 | 4.246 ± 0.111 | 22.927 * |
Evenness | 1.541 ± 0.045 | 1.617 ± 0.005 | 1.621 ± 0.004 | 1.615 ± 0.002 | 1.629 ± 0.002 | 9.391 * |
Brillouin | 1.317 ± 0.354 | 2.359 ± 0.158 | 2.472 ± 0.135 | 2.282 ± 0.038 | 2.823 ± 0.103 | 26.188 * |
Menhinick | 2.843 ± 0.614 | 5.119 ± 0.439 | 5.438 ± 0.389 | 4.898 ± 0.102 | 6.551 ± 0.353 | 31.823 * |
Margalef | 3.426 ± 0.972 | 7.734 ± 0.972 | 8.448 ± 0.884 | 7.236 ± 0.220 | 11.160 ± 0.907 | 32.774 * |
Equitability_J | 1.214 ± 0.033 | 1.148 ± 0.007 | 1.143 ± 0.005 | 1.151 ± 0.002 | 1.130 ± 0.004 | 14.042 * |
Chao-1 | 39.333 ± 30.333 | 354.000 ± 120.003 | 446.333 ± 119.822 | 288.833 ± 24.002 | 932.000 ± 193.845 | 23.717 * |
PCoA1 | PCoA2 | PCoA3 | PCoA4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aldesah | −0.492 | −0.039 | −0.165 | −0.129 |
Alzetah | −0.357 | −0.0984 | 0.172 | 0.163 |
Alawz | 0.115 | 0.504 | 0.043 | −0.035 |
Harah | 0.445 | −0.232 | −0.243 | 0.054 |
Sharma | 0.239 | −0.082 | 0.335 | −0.131 |
ANOVA | F = 3.876 p = 0.0491 |
PCNM1 | PCNM2 | PCNM3 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate ± SE | t | p | Estimate ± SE | t | p | Estimate ± SE | t | p | |
Intercept | −3.224 ± 1.984 | −1.624 | 0.113 | 0.509 ± 1.281 | 0.398 | 0.693 | 0.053 ± 1.726 | 0.032 | 0.975 |
pH | 0.375 ± 0.052 | 2.473 | 0.018 | −0.192 ± 0.978 | −1.964 | 0.057 | −0.124 ± 0.1.2 | −0.300 | 0.355 |
EC | −0.522 ± 0.578 | −0.902 | 0.373 | −0.073 ± 0.038 | −0.195 | 0.847 | 0.511 ± 0.503 | 1.016 | 0.316 |
Sand | 0.007 ± 0.013 | 0.055 | 0.956 | 0.011 ± 0.008 | 1.301 | 0.201 | 0.008 ± 0.015 | 0.698 | 0.489 |
Silt | 0.004 ± 0.016 | 0.224 | 0.824 | 0.013 ± 0.010 | 1.320 | 0.195 | 0.014 ± 0.014 | 1.041 | 0.304 |
Ca | −0.008 ± 0.019 | −0.399 | 0.692 | −0.169 ± 0.126 | −1.348 | 0.186 | 0.006 ± 0.169 | 0.038 | 0.970 |
K | 0.693 ± 0.231 | 2.997 | 0.005 | 0.213 ± 0.179 | 1.428 | 0.161 | 0.026 ± 0.201 | 0.131 | 0.896 |
P | 0.005 ± 0.004 | 1.236 | 0.224 | 0.004 ± 0.027 | 1.580 | 0.122 | 0.003 ± 0.004 | 0.068 | 0.394 |
PO4 | −0.002 ± 0.002 | −1.263 | 0.261 | −0.002 ± 0.001 | −1.570 | 0.124 | −0.001 ± 0.002 | −0.063 | 0.393 |
OM | 0.002 ± 0.029 | 0.679 | 0.501 | 0.116 ± 0.019 | 5.660 | 0.001 | −0.008 ± 0.025 | −0.297 | 0.768 |
HCO3 | 0.046 ± 0.051 | 0.791 | 0.434 | −0.070 ± 0.038 | −1.858 | 0.071 | 0.095 ± 0.050 | 1.885 | 0.067 |
Na | 0.138 ± 0.114 | 1.237 | 0.223 | 0.172 ± 0.072 | 2.392 | 0.022 | −0.354 ± 0.097 | −3.658 | 0.001 |
A dj-R2 | 0.175 | 0.561 | 0.365 | ||||||
F-value | 1.944 | 6.703 | 3.565 | ||||||
p | 0.046 | 0.000 | 0.002 |
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Al-Mutairi, K.A. Do Spatially Structured Soil Variables Influence the Plant Diversity in Tabuk Arid Region, Saudi Arabia? Sustainability 2022, 14, 2611. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052611
Al-Mutairi KA. Do Spatially Structured Soil Variables Influence the Plant Diversity in Tabuk Arid Region, Saudi Arabia? Sustainability. 2022; 14(5):2611. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052611
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Mutairi, Khalid Awadh. 2022. "Do Spatially Structured Soil Variables Influence the Plant Diversity in Tabuk Arid Region, Saudi Arabia?" Sustainability 14, no. 5: 2611. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052611