Tsunami Hazard Zone and Multiple Scenarios of Tsunami Evacuation Route at Jetis Beach, Cilacap Regency, Indonesia
, Asmoro Widagdo 2, Maulana Rizki Aditama 2,3, Muhammad Rifky Fauzan 2 and János Kovács 1Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
The paper presents a study about the tsunami occurred in 2006 in Indonesia, and authors defined 5 levels of this type of hazard through some simulated operations of scoring and weighing. The paper is interesting, well written and presented and it deserves to be accounted for publication.
Author Response
Reviewer Comments: The paper presents a study about the tsunami occurred in 2006 in Indonesia, and authors defined 5 levels of this type of hazard through some simulated operations of scoring and weighing. The paper is interesting, well written and presented and it deserves to be accounted for publication.
Response: Thank you for your great appreciation. We want to contribute to the Indonesian government's program, which hopes to map all tsunami hazard zones in Indonesia, especially Java Island. Java Island is an island that has a vital role for Indonesia because 60% of Indonesia's population lives on the island of Java. Most of them live in the northern and southern coastal areas. Local studies will be instrumental in anticipating future tsunami disasters. The results of local studies will strengthen the accuracy of the information on tsunami potential in an area.
Author Response File: 
Author Response.pdf
Reviewer 2 Report
The manuscript illustrates a method to determine a tsunami hazard zone and the most effective evacuation route based on multiple factors and scenarios.
Even if the manuscript is not in my specific field of research I can read it without particular difficulty since it is well written and integrated by pertinent, clear figures.
The method used to reach the proposed results is also clearly illustrated. From my point of view it is everything OK; may be Authors can point out that tsunami inundation can be affected by the roughness of coastal inundated surface which is function of soil use (presence of sparse trees, houses, wood, and so on). Some Authors tried to take into account this factor through the Manning number assessment but I think it could be the next step of research. The following paper could help:
Pignatelli, C., Piscitelli, A., Damato, B. & Mastronuzzi, G., Estimation of the
value of Manning’s coefficient using Terrestrial Laser Scanner techniques for
the assessment of extreme waves flooding. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie,
54(3), pp. 317–336, 2010a
Author Response
Reviewer Comments: The manuscript illustrates a method to determine a tsunami hazard zone and the most effective evacuation route based on multiple factors and scenarios. Even if the manuscript is not in my specific field of research I can read it without particular difficulty since it is well written and integrated by pertinent, clear figures. The method used to reach the proposed results is also clearly illustrated. From my point of view it is everything OK; may be Authors can point out that tsunami inundation can be affected by the roughness of coastal inundated surface which is function of soil use (presence of sparse trees, houses, wood, and so on). Some Authors tried to take into account this factor through the Manning number assessment but I think it could be the next step of research. The following paper could help:Pignatelli, C., Piscitelli, A., Damato, B. & Mastronuzzi, G., Estimation of the
value of Manning’s coefficient using Terrestrial Laser Scanner techniques for
the assessment of extreme waves flooding. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie,
54(3), pp. 317–336, 2010a.
Response: Regarding the application of the Manning roughness coefficient parameter for mapping the tsunami hazard zone, many authors have indeed conducted it. This method is developed by Berryman. We can find it in an article entitled Review of tsunami hazard and risk in New Zealand. The article was published in 2006. In addition, the weighting method is also widely used by the researcher for tsunami hazard mapping. We have explained the influence of the Manning coefficient of roughness parameters in the manuscript. The Manning roughness coefficient will affect the height and speed of tsunami waves while on land. If the Manning roughness coefficient is high, the height and speed of the tsunami wave will decrease (Paragraph 3 Page 10 and Paragraph 1 page 11). The two methods are more widely applied as initial studies before analyzing paleo-tsunami deposits and simulations of multi-scenario earthquakes. The results of this study can be utilized for further research. The information presented in our manuscript can be used as a reference by the government to prepare a master plan for tsunami disaster mitigation in Cilacap. In the current manuscript, we only use the weighting method to determine the tsunami hazard zone, but in the future, we agree with your opinion to apply other methods in mapping the tsunami hazard zone to obtain the best results.
Author Response File: Author Response.pdf
Reviewer 3 Report
- The paper is interesting and addresses an important topic in disaster management. However, before publication, some concerns should be addressed.
- First of all, the language of the paper should be improved. There are some uncommon statements in the paper. For example, in line 33, “and material losses reached 55 million US dollars [3]. “.
- One of the biggest problems of this paper is the structure of the section1. The logic of this section is very confusing, and the authors mixed the introduction, literature review, and part of the methodology together. In the introduction, the authors should focus on the significance of the topic and finally state the research aim, objective, and contributions of this study. Maybe these papers can help to highlight the importance of the topic: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102627 and https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwaa017. In addition, in the literature review, the authors should review the relevant papers, particularly those papers that have explored the factors and criteria. I suggest that the authors summarise the papers and the extracted factors in a table. I suggest the case study area should be presented in a distinct section.
- The presentation of figure 2 is low. Please improve the presentation of this figure, and also the steps of this figure should be elaborated in detail.
- How do the authors validate the results?
- A managerial insight section should be added before the conclusion.
Author Response
Reviewer Comments: There are some uncommon statements in the paper. For example, in line 33, “and material losses reached 55 million US dollars [3].
Response: We have corrected this statement: material losses reached 55 million US dollars to economic loss reached 55 million US dollars (line 33).
Reviewer Comments: One of the biggest problems of this paper is the structure of the section1. The logic of this section is very confusing, and the authors mixed the introduction, literature review, and part of the methodology together. In the introduction, the authors should focus on the significance of the topic and finally state the research aim, objective, and contributions of this study.
Response: We have improved thoroughly in the Introduction section and divided this section into two, namely the background of the research and the importance of the research location, objectives, and contributions of this research (Pages 1 and 2). In 1.2, we describe in detail the aims and contributions of our research. We have also added a statement regarding the importance of the research site in our study (section 1.2, paragraph 1, and page 2).
Reviewer Comments: In addition, in the literature review, the authors should review the relevant papers, particularly those papers that have explored the factors and criteria. I suggest that the authors summarise the papers and the extracted factors in a table. I suggest the case study area should be presented in a distinct section.
Response: We have added the literature review to a separate section, namely section 2 (Page 3). We have also made improvements by adding references related to our research and summarizing these references in Table 1 (Page 3). We have moved the weighting table as the primary reference in determining the tsunami hazard zone to the literature review section (Page 4).
Reviewer Comments: The presentation of figure 2 is low. Please improve the presentation of this figure, and also the steps of this figure should be elaborated in detail.
Response: We have modified Figure 2 to be clear (Page 6). We split the flow chart in two. The first flow chart (Figure 2) describes the steps in making a tsunami hazard zone map. The second flow chart (Figure 3) shows the steps to create a tsunami evacuation route (Page 6). We have also corrected the section on the research flow chart description to be more detailed (Page 5).
Reviewer Comments: How did the authors validate the results?
Response: We have made improvements in this section to add information on how we validate the results of this study. An explanation of the validation of the results is listed in the discussion section: page 10, paragraph 2. We compare the results of our study with two previously published papers. In addition, we also conducted field observations and conducted interviews with living witnesses of the 2006 tsunami. The comparisons and field observations show that our simulation results are accurate and reliable. We also explain the validation of evacuation routes in the discussion section: pages 13 and 14. We made observations at the research site to see the capacity of the roads and the availability of temporary shelters. Furthermore, we added the community's knowledge of the evacuation route as an essential part of the tsunami disaster mitigation program.
Reviewer Comments: A managerial insight section should be added before the conclusion.
Response: We have added a managerial insight section in paragraph 1, page 14. The results of our research can be used as a reference for the government to make a tsunami disaster mitigation program in Cilacap. Indonesia has no local disaster mitigation program because the tsunami hazard zone map at the sub-district administration level is not available. Through a more specific study, we will gain more accurate study results.
Author Response File: Author Response.pdf
Round 2
Reviewer 3 Report
The authors addressed all comments. the current version can be published.
