Kinetics and Adsorption Equilibrium in the Removal of Azo-Anionic Dyes by Modified Cellulose
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Reagents
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Mechanical Treatment of Biomass
2.2.2. Cellulose Extraction
2.2.3. Quaternization with CTAC
2.3. Adsorption Tests
2.4. Adsorption Kinetics
2.5. Adsorption Isotherms
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of Biomaterials
3.1.1. TGA and DSC Analysis
3.1.2. Structural Analysis
3.1.3. pH Point Zero Charge
3.2. Effect of Adsorbent Dose and Initial Concentration
3.3. Statistical Analysis
3.4. Adsorption Kinetics
3.5. Adsorption Equilibrium
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kinetic Model | Equation | Parameters |
---|---|---|
Pseudo-first-order | k1 (min−1): kinetic constant of pseudo-first-order | |
Pseudo-second-order | k2 (g/mg min): kinetic constant of pseudo-first-order | |
Elovich | β (g/mg): exponent indicating the capacity of adsorption | |
α (mg/g min): Elovich constant indicating the rate of adsorption |
Model | Equation | Parameters |
---|---|---|
Langmuir | qmax (mg/g): maximum amount of analyte removed per unit weight of biomass b (L/mg): constant related to the affinity of the binding sites with the contaminant Ce (mg/L): concentration of the remaining contaminant in solution | |
Freundlich | kF (mg/g): adsorption capacity indicator n: indicates the effect of concentration on adsorption capacity and represents the adsorption intensity | |
Dabunin–Radushkevich | ε2: l Polanyi’s potential which is based on temperature KDR (mol2/kJ2): Dubinin–Radushkevich constant related to adsorption energy E (kJ/mol): average adsorption energy per molecule of adsorbate required to transfer one mole of the ion from the solution to the adsorbent surface |
Source | Bio-adsorbent | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WC | MWC | |||||
Sum of Squares | F-Ratio | p-Value | Sum of Squares | F-Ratio | p-Value | |
A: Adsorbent dosage | 197.021 | 94.14 | 0.0023 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.799 |
B: Initial concentration | 450.202 | 215.13 | 0.0007 | 2.77 | 9.92 | 0.05 |
AA | 1.4650 | 0.70 | 0.46 | 1.93 | 6.92 | 0.078 |
AB | 93.9365 | 44.89 | 0.0068 | 2.39 | 8.54 | 0.06 |
BB | 76.0371 | 36.33 | 0.0092 | 0.38 | 1.36 | 0.33 |
Total error | 6.2782 | 0.84 | ||||
Total (corrected) | 824.94 | 8.37 |
Source | Bio-adsorbent | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WC | MWC | |||||
Sum of Squares | F-Ratio | p-Value | Sum of Squares | F-Ratio | p-Value | |
A:Adsorbent dosage | 361.106 | 11.61 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 2.62 | 0.20 |
B:Initial concentration | 46.2195 | 1.49 | 0.31 | 0.38 | 23.11 | 0.01 |
AA | 77.582 | 2.49 | 0.21 | 0.16 | 9.81 | 0.05 |
AB | 50.3298 | 1.62 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 1.28 | 0.34 |
BB | 21.6706 | 0.70 | 0.47 | 0.01 | 0.89 | 0.42 |
Total error | 93.2971 | 0.05 | ||||
Total (corrected) | 650.205 | 0.07 |
Kinetic Model | Parameters | Tartrazine | CR | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
WC | MWC | WC | MWC | ||
Pseudo-first-order | qe (mg g−1) | 8.22 | 16.39 | 7.74 | 8.56 |
k1 (min−1) | 0.82 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.18 | |
SS | 0.47 | 0.63 | 0.55 | 0.09 | |
R2 | 0.99 | 0.912 | 0.79 | 0.99 | |
Pseudo-second-order | k2 (mg g−1 min−1) | 0.83 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
qe2 (mg g−1) | 8.26 | 17.19 | 8.14 | 8.79 | |
SS | 1.04 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.15 | |
R2 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.88 | 0.98 | |
Elovich | β (g mg−1) | 5.08 × 1037 | 236.61 | 4.63 | 1.58 × 106 |
α (mg g−1 min−1) | 11.42 | 0.65 | 0.98 | 2.44 | |
SS | 6.01 | 0.078 | 3.03 | 0.84 | |
R2 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.91 | |
Intraparticle diffusion | k3 (min1/2) | 8.21 | 14.73 | 6.10 | 8.0357 |
SS | 0.08 | 0.94 | 0.62 | 0.3343 | |
R2 | 0.99 | 0.69 | 0.47 | 0.8401 |
Model | Parameters | Tartrazine | CR | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
WC | MWC | WC | MWC | ||
Langmuir | qmax (mg g−1) | 83.10 | 752.19 | 131.63 | 253.13 |
b (L mg−1) | 6.017 × 10−4 | 0.003 | 0.72 | 1.98 | |
R2 | 0.71 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.87 | |
SS | 0.06 | 0.032 | 2.30 | 2.40 | |
Freundlich | KF (mg g−1 (L mg−1)1/n) | 0.047 | 2.21 | 3.01 | 134.81 |
n | 0.99 | 0.99 | 2.46 | 3.79 | |
R2 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 0.962 | 0.99 | |
SS | 0.45 | 1.49 | 1.51 | 0.98 | |
Dubinin–Radushkevich | qDR (mg/g) | 5.19 | 32.29 | 230.66 | 237.43 |
KDR (mol2/kJ2) | 1.90 × 10−4 | 5.05 × 10−6 | 1.35 × 10−6 | 6.81 × 10−6 | |
E (KJ/mol) | 51.24 | 314.74 | 609.28 | 270.94 | |
R2 | 0.79 | 0.88 | 0.79 | 0.77 | |
SS | 0.78 | 3.46 | 1.001 | 1.05 |
Contaminant | Adsorbent | qmax (mg/g) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Tartrazine | WMC | 752.19 | Present study |
Chitosan/polyaniline compounds | 584 | [30] | |
Cellulose nano sponges modified with methyltriotrioctyl ammonium chloride | 180 | [19] | |
Moringa seed activated carbon | 91.27 | [5] | |
WC | 83.10 | Present study | |
Modified bentonite with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide | 40.79 | [14] | |
Activated babassu coconut carbon | 19.20 | [5] | |
Babassu coconut kernel Activated Carbon | 11.99 | ||
Congo red | Cellulose nanocrystals modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide | 448.43 | [3] |
NaOH-modified water hyacinth cellulose nanocrystals | 181.8 | [1] | |
Hydrogel from pineapple peel extracted by bleaching | 138.89 | [16] | |
MWC | 137.14 | Present study | |
WC | 131.63 | ||
Coconut residues | 128.94 | [56] | |
Hydrogel from water-extracted pineapple peel | 114.19 | [16] | |
Cornulaca activated carbon | 78.19 | [2] | |
Hydrogel made from pineapple peel extracted with NaOH | 77.52 | [16] | |
Hydrogel from pineapple peel extracted with bleached-NaOH | 75.19 | [16] | |
Cornulaca biomass | 43.42 | [2] |
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Villabona-Ortíz, Á.; Figueroa-Lopez, K.J.; Ortega-Toro, R. Kinetics and Adsorption Equilibrium in the Removal of Azo-Anionic Dyes by Modified Cellulose. Sustainability 2022, 14, 3640. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063640
Villabona-Ortíz Á, Figueroa-Lopez KJ, Ortega-Toro R. Kinetics and Adsorption Equilibrium in the Removal of Azo-Anionic Dyes by Modified Cellulose. Sustainability. 2022; 14(6):3640. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063640
Chicago/Turabian StyleVillabona-Ortíz, Ángel, Kelly J. Figueroa-Lopez, and Rodrigo Ortega-Toro. 2022. "Kinetics and Adsorption Equilibrium in the Removal of Azo-Anionic Dyes by Modified Cellulose" Sustainability 14, no. 6: 3640. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063640