Evaluating the Efficiency of Non-Orthogonal MU-MIMO Methods in Smart Cities Technologies & 5G Communication

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

1. Results: Recommend to be Major revisions     

This paper explores two additional sets of demanding codes: multi-user shared access methods and expanded multi-user shared access methods are both employed. (EMUSA). In MUSA technique an algorithm is used for allocation of resources to achieve minimum inter correlation to the maximum extent in 5G networks. A novel idea proposed in this paper is to create Complex codes starting from PN codes (i.e., ePN) thereby achieving the promising results in the overall system performance. The first part of this paper gives description of fundamental principles of MUSA and in the next part; the main idea of the proposed technique will be studied in detail. Using Monte-Carlo MATLAB simulations, the performance of the suggested approach is assessed in terms of BER vs. SNR. The effectiveness of the suggested technique is assessed in various settings, and the outcomes are contrasted with those of the traditional CDMA technique. Using the parameters as number of active users and number of Antennas at receiver.

This paper is with none merits for Sustainability, it could be accepted after re-submission.  

Firstly, the abstract should be refined to clearly indicate what authors had done within 200 words.

Secondly, for Section 1, authors should provide the comments of the cited papers after introducing each relevant work. What readers require is, by convinced literature review, to understand the clear thinking/consideration why the proposed approach can reach more convinced results. This is the very contribution from authors. In addition, authors also should provide more sufficient critical literature review to indicate the drawbacks of existed approaches, then, well define the main stream of research direction, how did those previous studies perform? Employ which methodologies? Which problem still requires to be solved? Why is the proposed approach suitable to be used to solve the critical problem? We need more convinced literature reviews to indicate clearly the state-of-the-art development. By the way, lots of listed references do not appear in the text, please check them carefully.

For Section 2, authors should also introduce their proposed research framework more effective, i.e., some essential brief explanation vis-à-vis the text with a total research flowchart or framework diagram for each proposed algorithm to indicate how these employed models are working to receive the experimental results. It is difficult to understand how the proposed approaches are working.

For Section 3, authors should use more alternative models as the benchmarking models, authors should also conduct some statistical test to ensure the superiority of the proposed approach, i.e., how could authors ensure that their results are superior to others? Meanwhile, authors also have to provide some insight discussion of the results. Authors can refer the following references for conducting statistical test.

Applications of Random forest in multivariable response surface for short-term load forecasting. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 139, 108073, 2022.

Author Response

Dear sir/madam

Thank you for giving us the opportunity to submit a revised draft of the manuscript “Evaluating the Efficiency of Non-Orthogonal MU-MIMO Methods in Smart Cities Technologies & 5G Communication” for publication. We appreciate the time and effort that you and the reviewers dedicated to providing feedback on our manuscript and are grateful for the insightful comments on and valuable improvements to our paper. We have incorporated most of the suggestions made by the reviewers. Those changes are highlighted within the manuscript. Please see below, in blue, for a point-by-point response to the reviewers’ comments and concerns. All page numbers refer to the revised manuscript file with tracked changes.

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 2 Report

Please rewrite the introduction section

Proofread is required

 

 

 

Author Response

1. Please rewrite the introduction section

Author Response:  We appreciate the reviewer’s feedback. We have revised the introduction section. Some of the major changes are as follows:

Added text in introduction: “Two further sets of difficult codes are investigated in this paper. Both enlarged multi-user shared access techniques and multi-user shared access methods are used. (EMU-SA). In the MUSA approach, a resource allocation algorithm is employed to achieve the least possible intercorrelation in 5G networks. The creation of complex codes starting from PN codes (i.e., ePN) is a unique notion put forward in this study, and it has the potential to provide positive outcomes in terms of system performance. The basic concepts of MUSA are described in the first section of this essay, and the core notion of the suggested approach will be thoroughly examined in the section that follows. The effectiveness of the recommended technique is evaluated using Monte-Carlo MATLAB simulations in terms of BER vs. SNR.”

 

 

2. Proofread is required.

Author Response:  We appreciate the reviewer’s feedback. Proofreading has been done. We have eliminated all the grammatical mistakes such as punctuations, agreement mistakes, article uses, spelling mistakes, etc. from the manuscript at our best. All the inconsistency between the text are corrected.

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 3 Report

Check all subscripts they are misaligned

recent references are available in the literature on NOMA for example

Balyan, V. Cooperative relay to relay communication using NOMA for energy efficient wireless communication. Telecommun Syst 77, 271–281 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-021-00756-3

NOMA and 5G emerging technologies: A survey on issues and solution techniques

details of references missing

What is Tcp (i.e., Tofdm + Tcp) not explained in paper.

That means, a total of 9L codes are possible and best suitable for net-242 works with high number of users. How?

For extremely high number of users, the set 243 can be further extended using …… Is this sentence complete?

In this study, the following codes are considered  can be changed to codes considered are

Figure 2 quality can be improved.

Figure 3, use Number instead of No

 

Author Response

1. Check all subscripts they are misaligned

Author Response:  Thank you for pointing this out. We have revised the manuscript and aligned all the subscripts.

2. recent references are available in the literature on NOMA for example.

Balyan, V. Cooperative relay to relay communication using NOMA for energy efficient wireless communication. Telecommun Syst 77, 271–281 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-021-00756-3

NOMA and 5G emerging technologies: A survey on issues and solution techniques.

Author Response:  Thank you for this suggestion. As suggested by the reviewer, we have added some of recent references. Added references are:

[3] Nguyen, H.V.; Kim, H.M.; Kang, G.-M.; Nguyen, K.-H.; Bui, V.-P.; Shin, O.-S. A Survey on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access: From the Perspective of Spectral Efficiency and Energy Efficiency. Energies 2020, 13, 4106. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13164106

[5] Aamina Akbar, Sobia Jangsher, Farrukh A. Bhatti, NOMA and 5G emerging technologies: A survey on issues and solution techniques, Computer Networks, Volume 190, 2021, 107950, ISSN 1389-1286, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2021.107950.

[12] Ali Çalhan, Murtaza Cicioğlu, Handover scheme for 5G small cell networks with non-orthogonal multiple access, Computer Networks, Volume 183, 2020, 107601, ISSN 1389-1286, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107601.

[29] M. Kaur, D. Singh, V. Kumar, B. B. Gupta and A. A. Abd El-Latif, "Secure and Energy Efficient-Based E-Health Care Framework for Green Internet of Things," in IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1223-1231, Sept. 2021. DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2021.3081616.

[36] Balyan, V. Cooperative relay to relay communication using NOMA for energy efficient wireless communication. Telecommun Syst 77, 271–281 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-021-00756-3

 

3. details of references missing.

Author Response:  Thank you for pointing this out. We have revised all the references used in the manuscript. And the modified references are highlighted in the revised manuscript.

 [15] K. Higuchi, "NOMA for Future Cellular Systems," 2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall), 2016, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7881108.

[19] Z. Chen, Z. Ding and X. Dai, "Beamforming for Combating Inter-cluster and Intra-cluster Interference in Hybrid NOMA Systems," in IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 4452-4463, 2016, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2598380.

[23] Z. Ding, F. Adachi and H. V. Poor, "The Application of MIMO to Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access," in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 537-552, Jan. 2016, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2015.2475746.

[24] S. Timotheou and I. Krikidis, "Fairness for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in 5G Systems," in IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 1647-1651, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.1109/LSP.2015.2417119.

[32] Liu, X., & Wang, X. (2016). Efficient Antenna Selection and User Scheduling in 5G Massive MIMO-NOMA System. 2016 IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 1-5.

[44] Z. Ding, P. Fan and H. V. Poor, "Impact of User Pairing on 5G Nonorthogonal Multiple-Access Downlink Transmissions," in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 65, no. 8, pp. 6010-6023, Aug. 2016, doi: 10.1109/TVT.2015.2480766.

 

4. What is Tcp (i.e., Tofdm + Tcp) not explained in paper.

Author Response:  We appreciate the reviewer’s feedback.  Thank you for pointing this out. Actually the equation is not in the standard form, that is why is creating confusion. We have explained the term of the equation ‘T_cp ; (i.e., T_OFDM + T_cp)’. As you can see in the equation 11 (T_OFDM).

 

5. That means, a total of 9L codes are possible and best suitable for net-242 works with high number of users. How?

Author Response:  We appreciate the reviewer’s feedback.  Actually this sentence “That means, a total of 9L codes are possible and best suitable for net-242 works with high number of users” is related to the previous sentence. We have connected these sentences in the revised manuscript. That is

“Complex spreading codes, such as binary codes, are made up of several different components. L stands for spreading code length, and a maximum of 4L power codes can be produced [44]. For instance, there are 256 potential codes for a length of 4, which is insufficient for large-capacity networks. Therefore, to expand the set instead of (-1,1) elements of complex spreading codes (1+i, 1-i, -1+i, -1-i) have been utilized [31-33]. That means a total of 9L codes are possible and best suitable for networks with a high number of users.” (in multiple access technology section)

6. For extremely high number of users, the set 243 can be further extended using …… Is this sentence complete?

Author Response:  Thank you for pointing this out. We have corrected the respective sentence. That is

“Each component of the sophisticated spreading code is present in this collec-tion and can be used instead of {1, 0, 1}, {2, 1, 0, 1, 2} in situations when there are a lot of users “

“In this study, the following codes consider are (-1, -1-i, -1+i, -I, 0, i, 1, 1-i, 1+i) for implementation.”

7. In this study, the following codes are considered can be changed to codes considered are

Author Response:  Thank you for pointing this out. As suggested by the reviewer, we have done the respective changes. The modified text “In this study, the following codes consider are (-1, -1-i, -1+i, -I, 0, i, 1, 1-i, 1+i) for implementation.”

8. Figure 2 quality can be improved.

Author Response: Thank you for this suggestion. The figure 2 is showing the basic framework of transmission using relay. So, it is better to take figure 2 simple and clean. This shows the schematic diagram of the proposed Technique.

9. Figure 3, use Number instead of No

Author Response:  Thank you for pointing this out. We have changed the text ‘number’ to ‘No’.

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Round 2

Reviewer 1 Report

Authors have completely addressed all my concerns.

Reviewer 2 Report

The suggestions are incorporated in the manuscript.

Reviewer 3 Report

I am happy with the changes done