Perceived Environmental Value, Destination Image, and Tourist Loyalty: The Role of Tourist Satisfaction and Religiosity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Perceived Environmental Value on Tourist Loyalty
2.2. The Influence of Destination Image on Tourist Satisfaction and Tourism Loyalty
2.3. The Influence of Tourist Satisfaction on Tourist Loyalty
2.4. Tourist Satisfaction Mediates the Influence of Destination Image on Tourist Loyalty
2.5. Religiosity Moderates the Influence of Tourist Satisfaction on Tourist Loyalty
3. Method
3.1. Data Collection
3.2. Data Analysis
Variables | Measurement Items | Sources |
---|---|---|
Perceived Environmental Value | 4 | [19,51] |
Satisfaction | 4 | [52,53] |
Halal Destination Image | 4 | [53] |
Loyalty | 6 | [54,55] |
Religiosity | 4 | [56] |
No. | Characteristics | Items | Achievement | |
---|---|---|---|---|
F | % | |||
1 | Age | 18–30 years old | 121 | 39.0 |
31–40 years old | 89 | 28.7 | ||
More than 40 years old | 100 | 32.3 | ||
2 | Occupation | Student | 101 | 32.6 |
Private company worker | 139 | 44.8 | ||
Civil servant | 70 | 22.6 | ||
3 | Income | IDR 1,000,000–10,000,000 | 156 | 50.3 |
Between 10,000,000 and 20,000,000 | 98 | 31.6 | ||
More than 20,000,000 | 56 | 18.1 |
Indicators | Loading Factors | Composite Reliability | AVE | Cronbach Alpha |
---|---|---|---|---|
I was motivated by the site environment | 0.781 | 0.864 | 0.613 | 0.794 |
I was inspired by the beauty of the site | 0.805 | |||
I am interested in the hygienic facilities at the tour site | 0.766 | |||
The environment was clean | 0.779 | |||
I have enjoyed myself in West Sumatra | 0.793 | 0.858 | 0.603 | 0.783 |
I am satisfied with West Sumatra | 0.791 | |||
I felt emotionally involved in West Sumatra | 0.802 | |||
I felt a sense of belonging in West Sumatra | 0.746 | |||
I intend to return to this destination in the future | 0.781 | 0.864 | 0.613 | 0.792 |
I consider this destination my first choice when selecting a destination in the future | 0.805 | |||
I would be willing to pay a higher price for this destination over others | 0.766 | |||
I like this destination more than others | 0.779 | |||
I will return to West Sumatra | 0.878 | 0.910 | 0.629 | 0.882 |
I will recommend that people visit West Sumatra | 0.703 | |||
I am willing to revisit this religious festival venue in the future | 0.703 | |||
I stay for a longer period in West Sumatra | 0.873 | |||
I will come to West Sumatra with more companions | 0.713 | |||
I have a wonderful image of West Sumatra as a halal destination | 0.863 | |||
I go to the mosque and place of worship regularly | 0.913 | 0.938 | 0.792 | 0.912 |
Spiritual values are more important than material things | 0.878 | |||
If halal restaurants and sites followed more religious practices, this would be a better country | 0.884 | |||
I consider myself to be very religious | 0.885 |
DI | L | PEV | R | STD | TS | Z | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DI | 0.783 | ||||||
L_ | 0.079 | 0.793 | |||||
PEV_ | 0.704 | 0.036 | 0.783 | ||||
R__ | 0.143 | 0.828 | 0.031 | 0.890 | |||
STD | 0.397 | 0.333 | 0.311 | 0.311 | 0.988 | ||
TS_ | 0.601 | 0.047 | 0.808 | 0.009 | 0.272 | 0.777 | |
Z | 0.026 | 0.079 | 0.023 | 0.048 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 1.000 |
4. Results
5. Discussion
- (1)
- Increasing the cultural attractions displayed at events organized by tourist destination managers. This improvement can be achieved through a companion or providing a guide who explains the meaning of these religious attributes/symbols. This will enhance the image of a destination based on Islamic culture.
- (2)
- Introducing historical tourism objects with Islamic nuances. Tourism managers can provide clear information about the symbols, relics, and historical locations. This information can be presented and shared with tourists in the form of booklets, flyers, and barcodes that link to digital information about symbols, relics, and historical locations through tourists’ digital devices.
6. Limitations and Future Research
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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H | Hypotheses | Coefficient | T Values | Sign | Decision |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1 | Perceived environmental value affects tourists’ destination loyalty | 0.091 | 2.436 | 0.015 | Accepted |
H2 | Destination image affects tourist satisfaction | 0.066 | 1.973 | 0.049 | Accepted |
H3 | Destination image affects tourist destination loyalty | 0.095 | 3.490 | 0.001 | Accepted |
H4 | Tourist satisfaction affects tourist loyalty | 0.087 | 2.536 | 0.012 | Accepted |
H5 | Tourist satisfaction mediates the effect of tourist destination image and tourist loyalty | 0.006 | 1.496 | 0.135 | Not Accepted |
H6 | Religiosity affects tourist loyalty | 0.806 | 51.785 | 0.000 | Accepted |
H7 | Religiosity moderates the effect of tourist satisfaction and tourist loyalty | 0.045 | 2.484 | 0.013 | Accepted |
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Zulvianti, N.; Aimon, H.; Abror, A. Perceived Environmental Value, Destination Image, and Tourist Loyalty: The Role of Tourist Satisfaction and Religiosity. Sustainability 2023, 15, 8038. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108038
Zulvianti N, Aimon H, Abror A. Perceived Environmental Value, Destination Image, and Tourist Loyalty: The Role of Tourist Satisfaction and Religiosity. Sustainability. 2023; 15(10):8038. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108038
Chicago/Turabian StyleZulvianti, Nora, Hasdi Aimon, and Abror Abror. 2023. "Perceived Environmental Value, Destination Image, and Tourist Loyalty: The Role of Tourist Satisfaction and Religiosity" Sustainability 15, no. 10: 8038. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108038