The Impact of Industry Clusters on the Performance of High Technology Small and Middle Size Enterprises
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Engaged in the research and development, production, or technical services of one or more high-tech and products.
- Scientific and technical personnel with a college degree or above account for more than 20% of the total number of employees in enterprises, and scientific and technical personnel engaged in research and development of high-tech products should account for more than 10% of the total number of employees in enterprises [1].
- The annual funds for research and development of high-tech and its products should account for more than 5% of the total income of the enterprise in that year.
- The sum of technical income and sales income of high-tech products should account for more than 60% of the total income of the enterprise in that year; the investment of newly established enterprises in high-tech fields should account for more than 60% of the total investment.
- The main person in charge of enterprises should have a strong sense of science and technology and intellectual property protection, be familiar with the research and development, production, and operation of their products, and pay attention to technological innovation and research and development of high-tech products.
2. Literature Review and Hypothesis
2.1. Enterprise Performance
2.2. Hypothesis
2.2.1. The Relationship between Industry Cluster and Performance
2.2.2. The Mediator of Independent Innovation
2.2.3. The Relationship between Independent Innovation and High-Tech SMES Performance
3. Variable Measurement and Research Method
3.1. Procedure and Sample
3.2. Variable Measurement
4. Data Analysis and Hypothesis Testing
5. Results
6. Discussion
6.1. Contributions
6.2. Limitations
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Variable | Topics | From |
---|---|---|
High-tech cluster | 1. The Park where the company is located can bring entrepreneurial opportunities to the company. 2. The company can often identify business opportunities and use them effectively. 3. Enterprises can effectively use resources in the zone. 4. Enterprises can often exchange and benefit from other enterprises in the same industry. 5. The company attaches great importance to protecting patents, intellectual property rights and trade secrets. | [53] |
Independent innovation | 1. Enterprises often develop and launch new products and services. 2. Enterprises often experiment with new products and services in the market. 3. Enterprises will commercialize new products and services. 4. Enterprises continue to develop innovative ways to meet customer needs. | [53,65] |
High-tech SMEs’ performance. | 1. Compared with major peers, the company’s operating revenue growth rate is higher. 2. The company’s profit growth rate is higher than major peers. 3. Compared with major peers, the company has a higher return on investment. 4. Compared with major peer enterprises, the company’s return on equity is higher. 5. Compared with major peer enterprises, the company’s R&D efficiency is higher. 6. The company’s product market share is high compared to major peer enterprises. 7. Compared with major peer enterprises, the company’s profit from similar products is higher. 8. Compared with major peers, the company has a mature R&D team 9. The company has more patented technologies than major peer enterprises. 10. Compared with major peer enterprises, the company’s products are launched to the market faster. | [70,71,72] |
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Factor | Item | Std. Deviation | Skewness | Kurtosis | Standardized Loading | AVE | C.R. | Cronbach’s α |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1-IC | T1 | 1.776 | −0.795 | −0.506 | 0.838 | 0.71 | 0.82 | 0.89 |
T2 | 1.714 | −0.893 | −0.104 | 0.872 | ||||
T3 | 1.773 | −0.894 | −0.277 | 0.827 | ||||
T4 | 1.647 | −0.963 | 0.124 | 0.842 | ||||
T5 | 1.741 | −1.034 | 0.145 | 0.852 | ||||
F2-LTP | M1 | 1.547 | −0.42 | −0.602 | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.89 | 0.73 |
M2 | 1.503 | −0.375 | −0.545 | 0.873 | ||||
M3 | 1.496 | −0.429 | −0.502 | 0.823 | ||||
M4 | 1.457 | −0.385 | −0.48 | 0.816 | ||||
M5 | 1.587 | −0.542 | −0.319 | 0.823 | ||||
F3-STP | M6 | 1.523 | −0.435 | −0.31 | 0.815 | 0.66 | 0.9 | 0.87 |
M7 | 1.522 | −1.472 | 1.75 | 0.841 | ||||
M8 | 1.493 | −1.311 | 1.449 | 0.817 | ||||
M9 | 1.525 | −1.319 | 1.351 | 0.9 | ||||
M10 | 1.406 | −1.358 | 1.844 | 0.66 | ||||
F4-II | Q1 | 1.695 | −0.165 | −1.063 | 0.823 | 0.67 | 0.88 | 0.83 |
Q2 | 1.609 | −0.34 | −0.89 | 0.82 | ||||
Q3 | 1.691 | −0.363 | −0.827 | 0.851 | ||||
Q4 | 1.693 | −0.337 | −0.77 | 0.769 |
Variable | F1-IC | F2-LTP | F3-STP | F4-II |
---|---|---|---|---|
F1-IC | 0.71 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
F2-LTP | 0.117 * | 0.64 | N/A | N/A |
F3-STP | 0.111 ** | 0.095 ** | 0.66 | N/A |
F4-II | 0.142 ** | 0.112 ** | 0.122 * | 0.67 |
√AVE | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.82 |
Name | Range | Judgment Value |
---|---|---|
χ2/df | - | p < 3 |
CFI | 0~1 | >0.09 |
IFI | 0~1 | >0.09 |
TLI | 0~1 | >0.09 |
SRMR | 0~1 | <0.05 |
RMSEA | 0~1 | <0.05 |
χ2/df | RMSEA | NFI | RFI | NFI | IFI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.272 | 0.019 | 0.950 | 0.955 | 0.90 | 0.952 |
Estimate | S.E. | C.R. | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F4 | ← | F1 | 0.468 | 0.053 | 8.835 | *** |
F2 | ← | F4 | 0.577 | 0.062 | 9.379 | *** |
F3 | ← | F4 | 0.228 | 0.043 | 5.275 | *** |
F2 | ← | F1 | 0.208 | 0.047 | 4.429 | *** |
F3 | ← | F1 | 0.209 | 0.038 | 5.509 | *** |
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Tong, T.; Zainudin, N.B.; Yan, J.; Rahman, A.A. The Impact of Industry Clusters on the Performance of High Technology Small and Middle Size Enterprises. Sustainability 2023, 15, 9333. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129333
Tong T, Zainudin NB, Yan J, Rahman AA. The Impact of Industry Clusters on the Performance of High Technology Small and Middle Size Enterprises. Sustainability. 2023; 15(12):9333. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129333
Chicago/Turabian StyleTong, Tong, Norzalina Binti Zainudin, Jingwen Yan, and Azmawani Abd Rahman. 2023. "The Impact of Industry Clusters on the Performance of High Technology Small and Middle Size Enterprises" Sustainability 15, no. 12: 9333. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129333