Schoolchildren in China’s Protected Areas from a Sustainability Perspective: A Preliminary Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Interpretation of Results
3.2. Conditions in School
3.3. Conditions at Home
4. Possible Reasons
5. Linking the Indexes to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
6. Policy Implications
6.1. Inter-Sectorial Cooperation
6.2. Investment in Education
6.3. Inequality Mitigation
7. Concluding Remarks
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Conditions | Indexes | Index Interpretations | Percentages in the Sample (%) | 95% CIs for Percentages in PAs (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
In school | 1 | School size ≤ 300 students | 56.1 | (39.7, 71.5) |
2 | Student-to-teacher ratio ≤ 15:1 | 78.1 | (62.4, 89.4) | |
3 | Salary of intern teachers ≤ USD 571 per month | 90.9 | (70.8, 98.9) | |
4 | Enrollment rate > 99% | 97.6 | (87.1, 99.9) | |
5 | Dropout rate ≤ 1% | 100.0 | (91.4, 100) | |
6 | Access to Internet available | 36.6 | (22.1, 53.1) | |
7 | Flush toilets available | 73.2 | (57.1, 85.8) | |
8 | Expenditure on lunch ≤ USD 0.71 | 48.8 | (32.9, 64.9) | |
9 | No safe drinking water | 7.3 | (1.5, 19.9) | |
10 | No medical services | 51.2 | (35.1, 67.1) | |
11 | No conservation educational programs | 24.4 | (12.4, 40.3) | |
12 | Students’ awareness of ecosystem functions little or very little | 65.9 | (49.4, 79.9) | |
At home | 13 | Per capita income ≤ USD 1429/y | 73.2 | (57.1, 85.8) |
14 | Medical services available ≤ 1 km | 17.1 | (7.2, 32.1) | |
15 | Medical services poor quality | 39.0 | (24.2, 55.5) | |
16 | Home-to-school distance ≥ 3 km | 53.7 | (37.4, 69.3) | |
17 | Home-to-school time ≥ 1 h | 26.8 | (14.2, 42.9) | |
18 | Home-to-school not safe | 12.2 | (4.1, 26.2) | |
19 | Left-behind children ≥ 10% | 73.2 | (57.1, 85.8) | |
20 | Heavy reliance on PAs | 31.7 | (18.1, 48.1) | |
21 | Environmentally unfriendly forms of reliance | 75.6 | (59.7, 87.6) | |
22 | Large or very large degree of children’s involvement in income-generating activities | 26.8 | (14.2, 42.9) |
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Wang, Y.; Qin, P.; Li, S.; Wu, R. Schoolchildren in China’s Protected Areas from a Sustainability Perspective: A Preliminary Study. Sustainability 2023, 15, 9896. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139896
Wang Y, Qin P, Li S, Wu R. Schoolchildren in China’s Protected Areas from a Sustainability Perspective: A Preliminary Study. Sustainability. 2023; 15(13):9896. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139896
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yicheng, Peng Qin, Shimei Li, and Ruidong Wu. 2023. "Schoolchildren in China’s Protected Areas from a Sustainability Perspective: A Preliminary Study" Sustainability 15, no. 13: 9896. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139896