Quantitative Model Study of the Psychological Recovery Benefit of Landscape Environment Based on Eye Movement Tracking Technology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Participants
2.3. Stimuli
2.4. Measurement Tools
2.5. Experimental Design
2.6. Experimental Procedure
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Visualization Results of the Eye Movement Data
3.2. Correlation Analysis between Eye Movement Index and Landscape Recovery Benefit
3.3. Quantitative Evaluation Model of Landscape Resilience
4. Discussion
4.1. Individual Attention Areas and Characteristics of Elements for Different Types of Landscapes
4.2. Characteristics of Landscape Mental Recovery
4.3. Quantitative Evaluation Model of Landscape Restoration and Its Application
4.4. Design Suggestions for Landscape Restoration Benefit Improvement
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Green Space Name | Proportion | Features |
---|---|---|
Xihu Park | 42.50 hm2 | Located in Gulou District, Fuzhou city, it was built in 1914 and is a comprehensive urban park. It is the most complete classical garden in Fuzhou, with many historical and cultural sites preserved. |
Zuohai Park | 35.47 hm2 | Located in Gulou District, Fuzhou city, it was first built in 1990 and is a comprehensive urban park. The overall design is “Five continents scenery” as the theme, and the Japanese garden reflects the characteristics of the Japanese courtyard. |
Nanjiangbin Flower Sea Park | 27.40 hm2 | Located in South Jiangbin Avenue, Fuzhou city, it was first built in 2013 and is a special park. It is famous for its super-large flower sea, integrating leisure, viewing, ecology, and fitness in one. |
Minjiang Park | 74.01 hm2 | Located in Jiangjiangxi Avenue, Fuzhou city, it was first built in 2000 and is a comprehensive urban park. The north garden has the unique cultural characteristics of the Minjiang River basin, and the south garden has relatively few traces of artificial carving. |
Jinji Mountain Park | 110.00 hm2 | Located at the foot of Jinji Mountain in Jin’an District, Fuzhou, it was first built in 1997 and is a comprehensive urban park. There are many places of interest in the park, beautiful natural scenery, and strong cultural heritage. |
Fu Road Park | Total loop length: 19 km | Fu Road is arranged along the ridge line of Jinniu Mountain, connecting the Zuohai plank road around the lake in the northeast, connecting the Minjiang River in the southwest, and running through the five parks in Fuzhou, connecting more than a dozen natural and cultural landscapes. |
Landscape Type | Green Landscape | Blue Landscape | Gray Landscape | Blue and Green Landscape | Gray and Green Landscape | Gray and Blue Landscape | Blue, Green, and Gray Landscape |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elements constitute | green landscape elements | blue landscape elements | gray landscape elements | green and blue landscape elements | green and gray landscape elements | blue and gray landscape elements | green, blue, and gray landscape elements |
Group | Green Landscape | Gray and Green Landscape | Blue and Green Landscape | Blue, Green and Gray Landscape |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ||||
2 | ||||
3 | ||||
4 | . |
Green Landscape | Gray and Green Landscape | Blue and Green Landscape | Blue, Green, and Gray Landscape | |
---|---|---|---|---|
thermal maps |
Title 1 | Green Landscape | Gray and Green Landscape | Blue and Green Landscape | Blue, Green, and Gray Landscape |
---|---|---|---|---|
Landscape composition elements complexity | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 2 | Level 3 |
Area of interest | Level 4 | Level 2 | Level 1 | Level 3 |
regularities of distribution | Centralized distribution of areas of interest Centralized distribution of interest elements | Centralized distribution of areas of interest Distal distribution of elements of interest | Centralized distribution of areas of interest Centralized distribution of interest elements | Distal distribution of regions of interest Distal distribution of elements of interest |
Interest elements | Focus on the artificial modeling plant landscape in the landscape area, with no significant element characteristics | The dispersion is concentrated in the brightly colored structures and at the end of the road | Focus on the plant landscape elements in the picture area, with no significant element features | Spread is concentrated in dynamic water features, water steps, and colorful buildings |
Metric 1 | Metric 2 | Metric 3 | Metric 4 | Metric 5 | Metric 6 | Metric 7 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recovery grade | pearson correlation | 0.133 ** | −0.366 ** | −0.051 | 0.038 | 0.117 * | 0.120 * | −0.024 |
significance (double-tail) | 0.008 | <0.001 | 0.305 | 0.444 | 0.019 | 0.016 | 0.638 | |
the number of cases | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 |
Variable | Model Summary | Parameter Estimates | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Function | R2 | F | df1 | df2 | Sig | Constant | b1 | b2 | b3 | |
Recovery benefit score and average blink duration index | linear | 0.018 | 7.157 | 1 | 398 | 0.008 | 0.184 | <0.001 | / | / |
logarithmic | 0.097 | 42.558 | 1 | 398 | <0.001 | −1.273 | 0.277 | / | / | |
inverse | 0.175 | 84.478 | 1 | 398 | <0.001 | 0.706 | −88.958 | / | / | |
quadratic | 0.549 | 241.271 | 2 | 397 | <0.001 | −1.128 | 0.009 | −7.926 × 10−6 | / | |
cubic | 0.552 | 162.630 | 3 | 396 | <0.001 | −0.956 | 0.007 | −3.928 × 10−6 | −2.567 × 10−9 | |
Recovery benefit score and average gaze length index | linear | 0.134 | 61.582 | 1 | 398 | <0.001 | 0.956 | −0.002 | / | / |
logarithmic | 0.117 | 52.697 | 1 | 398 | <0.001 | 4.347 | −0.701 | / | / | |
inverse | 0.061 | 25.927 | 1 | 398 | <0.001 | −0.166 | 141.830 | / | / | |
quadratic | 0.140 | 32.313 | 2 | 397 | <0.001 | 1.239 | −0.003 | 1.414 × 10−6 | / | |
cubic | 0.177 | 28.297 | 3 | 396 | <0.001 | −0.039 | 0.006 | −1.901 × 10−5 | 1.249 × 10−8 | |
Recovery benefit score and gaze point number index | linear | 0.014 | 5.565 | 1 | 398 | 0.019 | −0.092 | 0.005 | / | / |
logarithmic | 0.016 | 6.280 | 1 | 398 | 0.013 | −1.291 | 0.368 | / | / | |
inverse | 0.015 | 6.091 | 1 | 398 | 0.014 | 0.593 | −21.322 | / | / | |
quadratic | 0.017 | 3.462 | 2 | 397 | 0.032 | −0.626 | 0.020 | −9.899 × 10−5 | / | |
cubic | 0.017 | 2.335 | 3 | 396 | 0.073 | −0.303 | 0.004 | 0.000 | −1.065 × 10−6 | |
Recovery benefit score and saccade number index | linear | 0.014 | 5.803 | 1 | 398 | 0.016 | −0.096 | 0.005 | / | / |
logarithmic | 0.016 | 6.554 | 1 | 398 | 0.011 | −1.299 | 0.370 | / | / | |
inverse | 0.016 | 6.358 | 1 | 398 | 0.012 | 0.594 | −21.141 | / | / | |
quadratic | 0.018 | 3.605 | 2 | 397 | 0.028 | −0.630 | 0.020 | <0.001 | / | |
cubic | 0.018 | 2.430 | 3 | 396 | 0.065 | −0.321 | 0.005 | <0.001 | −1.054 × 10−6 |
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Fei, X.; Zhang, Y.; Kong, D.; Huang, Q.; Wang, M.; Dong, J. Quantitative Model Study of the Psychological Recovery Benefit of Landscape Environment Based on Eye Movement Tracking Technology. Sustainability 2023, 15, 11250. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411250
Fei X, Zhang Y, Kong D, Huang Q, Wang M, Dong J. Quantitative Model Study of the Psychological Recovery Benefit of Landscape Environment Based on Eye Movement Tracking Technology. Sustainability. 2023; 15(14):11250. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411250
Chicago/Turabian StyleFei, Xinhui, Yanqin Zhang, Deyi Kong, Qitang Huang, Minhua Wang, and Jianwen Dong. 2023. "Quantitative Model Study of the Psychological Recovery Benefit of Landscape Environment Based on Eye Movement Tracking Technology" Sustainability 15, no. 14: 11250. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411250