Sustainable Countermeasures for Skin Health Improvement for Green Consumers: The Utilization of Hsian-Tsao during Global Warming

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report (Previous Reviewer 1)

The review provides a better focus on analyzing skin problems related to global warming and potential treatment provided by Hsian-tsao ingredients by updating tables 2 & 4 compared to the previous version. However, the organization of contents, especially in "Discussion" part, is still confusing and lacks logic. The conclusion of the review is unclear: again, several topics, e.g., green industry, global warming, skin-problems, Hsian-tsao ingredients, etc., were discussed or reviewed independently, yet there is lack of evidence or convincing discussion supporting the connection among the topics.

 

Quality of English is compromised by the redundancy in writing in some parts of the manuscript. Translation and choice of words can be improved.

Author Response

September 6th, 2023

 

Dear Editor-in-Chief, Sustainability:

 

We have carefully examined the reviewers’ comments on our manuscript submitted to Sustainability, entitled “Sustainable Countermeasures for Skin Health Improvement for Green Consumers: The Utilization of Hsian-tsao During Global Warming”. All comments and suggestions were taken into consideration during in the preparation of the revised version of the paper. As recommended, we have expanded the manuscript to satisfy the reviewers’ suggestions. We are pleased to know that our paper has been reviewed positively. We find the reviewers’ comments are very constructive and we had made revisions in the text accordingly, as well as point-by-point replies to the reviewers’ questions as listed below.

We believe the comments and changes made to our manuscript satisfactorily address the concerns of the reviewers and that our manuscript is acceptable for publication in Sustainability. If you require further information, please contact me.

 

Ki Han Kwon, PhD, Professor

College of General Education

Kookmin University

Seoul 02707, Republic of KOREA

Email: [email protected]

 

 

Reviewer(s)' Comments to Author:

Reviewer: 1

 

Comments:

The review provides a better focus on analyzing skin problems related to global warming and potential treatment provided by Hsian-tsao ingredients by updating tables 2 & 4 compared to the previous version. However, the organization of contents, especially in "Discussion" part, is still confusing and lacks logic. The conclusion of the review is unclear: again, several topics, e.g., green industry, global warming, skin-problems, Hsian-tsao ingredients, etc., were discussed or reviewed independently, yet there is lack of evidence or convincing discussion supporting the connection among the topics.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. To clarify the structure and logic of this paper, a total of 1231 references were identified by re-searching the keywords of the paper, and a total of 107 references were added to this paper by adding an additional 55 references to the basic 52 references, thereby creating a PRISMA model. has been revised, and as references have been added, the overall content has been added and secured. In the discussion section, evidence supporting the connection between topics has been provided or reconstructed in a persuasive manner.

 

[Deleted Abstract Section, 1 page 22~23 lines]

Accordingly, a total of 1031 literatures were searched, and 52 literatures were selected in the final stage.

 

[Added Abstract Section, 1 page 22~23 lines]

Accordingly, we searched a total of 1231 studies were searched, and selected 107 studies in the final stage.

 

[Deleted Introduction Section, 1 page 39~43 lines]

Recently, the seriousness of global warming is becoming more and more prominent all over the world. Global warming begins with an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2). As a result, global warming intensifies, resulting in the greenhouse effect. CO2 has steadily increased over the past 30 years. Global temperatures have risen by 0.3 to 0.6°C over 100 years, reflecting atmospheric warming, shrinking glaciers, and rising sea levels.[1]

[Added Introduction Section, 1 page 40~2 page 49 lines]

Recently, the severity of global warming has increased worldwide. Because global warming is caused by an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2), increased emissions of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, and methane due to human activities are becoming a problem. There is general agreement that these increased emissions are causing a rapid rise in global surface temperatures around the world, which results in increased global warming, creating a greenhouse effect. Indeed, CO2 has increased steadily over the past 30 years. Global temperatures have risen by 0.3 to 0.6°C over the last 100 years, reflecting atmospheric warming, shrinking glaciers, and rising sea levels [1-5].

 

[Deleted Materials and methods Section, 3 page 122~124 lines]

Accordingly, a total of 1031 literatures were searched, and 52 literatures were selected in the final stage. It is reflected in 18 reviews and 34 papers among the final 52 papers and is shown in Figure 1 as PRISMA.

 

 

[Deleted Materials and methods Section, 4 page 139 line]

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram

[Added Materials and methods Section, 4 page 139~141 lines]

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram

 

[Deleted Materials and methods Section, 5 page 150~151 lines]

The tool proceeded by identifying 52 items.

 

[Added Materials and methods Section, 5 page 151 line]

the tool proceeded by identifying 107 items.

[Added Materials and methods Section, 3 page 124~127 lines]

Accordingly, a total of 1231 documents were searched, and 107 documents were selected in the final step. Of the final 107 papers, 31 reviews and 86 papers were included and are indicated as PRISMA in Figure 1.

 

[Deleted Results Section, 6 page 212~216 lines]

Research has also shown that global warming has serious negative effects on human health which is at great risk worldwide. Most Americans reported a general perception that global warming could be detrimental to health. However, relatively few people understood the types of damage global warming would cause or who would be most likely to be affected.

[Added Results Section, 6 page 216~223 lines]

Various ongoing studies have shown that global warming has serious negative impacts on human health, which poses a significant risk worldwide. CO2-responsible heavy greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption from fossil fuels can cause fatal problems for humans. To this point, most Americans report a general awareness that global warming may be harmful to health. However, relatively few people understand what kind of damage global warming could cause or who is most likely to be affected [47-51].

[Deleted Discussion Section, 12 page 375~377 lines, 12 page 387~403 lines, 13 page 439~441 lines, 14 page 461~471 lines, 14 page 494~505 lines]

Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are warming the planet. In addition, ocean absorption of anthropogenic heat in these environments slows warming. These climate systems are out of balance with increasing radiative forces.

This situation is changing the dynamics of the planet's ecosystems. In doing so, it is challenging public health. A similar situation was demonstrated by the recent heat wave in the United States. This is predicted to increase morbidity and mortality due to heat stress. An important future challenge is the change in the life cycles of microbial species due to warmer environments. In addition to pulmonary findings, cardiovascular morbidity, neurological diseases, and occupational diseases, humans have shown a particularly increased incidence of vector-borne diseases. Even in a previous 2001 study, warming led to many of the observed changes that have already occurred in the environment. Thinning of the polar ice caps may confirm this. A similar study was conducted in the US Global Research Program. This program was established to coordinate research activities in response to issues considered important by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. As a result, the scientific uncertainty of the greenhouse effect was confirmed. In addition, temperature measurements at various atmospheric levels and latitudes were demonstrated. It was also shown to be related to the effect on biota redistribution. Based on these findings, the Kyoto Protocol has mandated certain solutions, such as reducing CO2 levels by 7% within 2011.

The relationship between global warming and plant cultivation can be summarized as follows. First, a vegetarian diet can reduce this environmental degradation and increase plant carbon uptake.

There are several plants such as Beet, Spinach, Wheat, Mushroom, Curcuma longa, and ginger mentioned above that have been popularized and recognized as existing heat-resistant plants, but research results are still insufficient and the need for research and development that has not been popularized has been confirmed. Its purpose is to achieve the growth of the green industry according to the development of remarkable new materials. Therefore, Seoncho, one of the heat-resistant plants, is not well known in Korea yet. It is a plant of the Lamiaceae family that grows in Taiwan, and its leaves are known as a product with good utilization enough to be used as a dessert. However, it has not been popularized yet, and it contains many polyphenols, so it is also involved in antioxidant function, and it is considered a plant that is important for skin health due to global warming. Accordingly, its potential as a material for inner beauty and cosmetics is highly evaluated.

In previous reviews, several studies on Hsian-Tsao extract improving heat tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster and antioxidant activity of leaf gum were conducted. However, there are no previous studies investigating the development of sustainable inner beauty and nutricosmetic materials for healthy skin and beauty in preparation for global warming using Hsian-Tsao extract. Hsian-Tsao extract shows the potential for antioxidant function using polyphenols and skin health that can respond to global warming. Early evidence of these effects has recently been published. In addition, there has been no research yet on the possibility of future utilization of Hsian-Tsao extract, reflecting global warming and consumer needs for green industry. Therefore, based on the research result that Hsian-tsao (Mesona chinensis Benth.) extract improves the heat resistance of D. melanogaster, it has implications for the development of customized inner beauty and cosmetics.

[Added Discussion Section, 12 page 377~387 lines, 12 page 403~13 page 423 lines, 13 page 441~447 lines, 14 page 472~491 lines, 14 page 505~15 page 520 lines]

Greenhouse gas emissions caused by humans are warming the Earth. Global warming, caused by increasing carbon emissions, has captured the attention of the global population. Carbon emissions mainly refer to greenhouse gas emissions generated during the production, transportation, use, and recycling of products. These environmental changes will require humans to better cope with climate problems and resolve the contradictions between environmental and economic growth. Therefore, a low-carbon transition is essential.

Additionally, in these environments, warming is slowed as anthropogenic heat is absorbed by the ocean. These climate systems become unbalanced as radiation increases [72-80].

This situation is changing the dynamics of Earth's ecosystems and poses a threat to public health. The recent heat wave in the United States showed a similar situation. Climate change is expected to increase morbidity and mortality due to heat stress. In addition to pulmonary, cardiovascular, neurological, and occupational diseases, the incidence of vector-borne diseases is increasing in humans.

An earlier 2001 study also found that warming was causing many of the observed changes that have already occurred in the environment, for example, the thinning of polar ice caps. A similar study was recently conducted by the US Global Studies Program, which was established to coordinate research activities in response to issues deemed important by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. As a result, the scientific uncertainty regarding the greenhouse effect was confirmed, as temperature measurements at various atmospheric levels and latitudes were demonstrated.

As climate change problems become more serious, various industries will need to make changes. In the context of energy constraints, changes in energy factors will have a significant impact on national and regional green innovation. This can be understood as related to the impact on biota redistribution. Based on these results, the Kyoto Protocol mandated specific solutions, such as reducing CO2 levels by 7% within 2011 [72,81-92].

The relationship between global warming and plant cultivation can be summarized as follows. First, a vegetarian diet can reduce environmental destruction and increase carbon uptake by plants. However, heat stress (HS) caused by global warming can also cause problems with food security. Plants, which are sessile species, have evolved a variety of mechanisms to cope with disruption of cellular homeostasis, which can disrupt their growth and development. Therefore, plant cultivation should be further increased in response to global warming [9-13,67].

Various plants such as beets, spinach, wheat, mushrooms, turmeric, and ginger have become popular and are being recognized as heat-resistant plants. Nevertheless, research is still lacking, and the need for research and development on them is increasing. The purpose of such research is to achieve the growth of the green industry through the development of noteworthy new materials.

For example, Seoncho, a heat-resistant plant, is not yet well-known in Korea but is native to Taiwan, also called Liangfen Cao or black cincau, and belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Its leaves are known to be versatile enough to be used as desserts. Additionally, Hsian-tsao is a plant mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions such as Taiwan, southern China, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Burma. In summer, it is also used in Hsian-tsao tea and herbal jelly. In particular, in winter, heated herbal jelly is a plant loved by many Taiwanese for its scent and taste. In Indonesia, it is also used as an herbal drink and jelly-type dessert. Hsian-tsao is used as a medicinal ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine and folk medicine. It is known to be effective in treating heat shock, high blood pressure, diabetes, liver disease, and muscle and joint pain. However, it has not yet become popular worldwide. It contains a lot of polyphenols, so it is also involved in antioxidant functions, and it is considered an important plant for skin health amid global warming. Accordingly, it has been evaluated to have high potential as an inner-beauty and cosmetic material [33-37,92-100].

In previous reviews, several studies have been conducted to show that Hsian-tsao extract improves the thermotolerance of Drosophila melanogaster and enhances the antioxidant activity of leaf gum. In addition, research has been conducted on Hsian-tsao because it contains polysaccharides (gum) with a unique flavor and texture, and many studies have investigated Hsian-tsao gum. Research on the scent of Hsian-tsao has also been conducted.

However, there has been no prior research on the development of inner-beauty or nutritional cosmetics materials for strong skin and beauty to promote sustainability amid global warming. To this point, Hsian-tsao extract demonstrates antioxidant properties using polyphenols and skin health potential to combat the effects of global warming; initial evidence for this effect was recently published. Therefore, and in consideration of the research results showing that Hsian-tsao (Mesona chinensis Benth.) extract improves the heat resistance of D. melanogaster, the study of Hsian-tsao has implications for the development of customized inner-beauty and cosmetics products [33-37,101-107].

[Deleted Conclusions Section, 15 page 541~559 lines]

The purpose of this paper is to review problems that may occur in the skin due to global warming measures and to summarize heat-resistant ingredients that can respond to them. As global warming progresses, awareness of customized inner beauty and cosmetics for sustainable and safe healthy skin, hair, and beauty is increasing, and the need for development for global business utilization is emerging. Although previous systematic reviews have reported mixed results, our findings reflect a new vision. This systematic review is the first report to highlight the potential use of the tolerant xianchao plant as part of a green industry to combat global warming and skin. Through sustainable and safe Hsian-tsao, further studies to mitigate human heat stress caused by global warming and evaluate its impact on beauty and health should evaluate its utilization and reflect consumer needs that can contribute to the green industry. Therefore, in a situation where the growth of the green industry is urgently needed due to the acceleration of global warming, additional research on inner beauty materials and heat-resistant plants that lower the temperature is emphasized in line with future preparations for continuous globalization, and as a signal, the science community, nutrition, inner beauty, and cosmetics It seems likely to bring more interest to the industry and this trend will continue in the future. We hope that Hsian-tsao will be used in a variety of skin health strategies and nutritional approaches to global warming and heat resistance.

[Added Conclusions Section, 15 page 559~16 page 579 lines]

The purpose of this paper is to review problems that may occur on the skin due to global warming and to address them by organizing heat-resistant ingredients that can respond to them. As global warming progresses around the world, awareness of customized inner-beauty and cosmetics products for sustainable, safe, and healthy skin, hair, and beauty is increasing, and the need for the development of global green business is emerging.

Although previous systematic reviews have reported mixed results, our findings reflect a new vision. This systematic review is the first to highlight the potential use of thermotolerant plants as part of green industry to combat global warming and improve our skin. Specifically, we report that the sustainable and safe use of Hsian-tsao will serve as a key resource for alleviating human heat stress caused by global warming and highlight the importance of evaluating its impact on beauty and health. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the utility of Hsian-tsao and reflect consumer needs, which can contribute to the growth of the green industry. In a situation where the growth of the green industry is desperately needed because of the acceleration of global warming, additional research is needed on inner-beauty materials and heat-resistant plants that lower temperature in preparation for continued global warming in the future. As a result, interest in industries such as science, nutrition, inner beauty, and cosmetics is expected to increase further. We hope that Hsian-tsao will be utilized in various skin health strategies and nutritional approaches to respond to global warming and increase heat tolerance.

 

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Quality of English is compromised by the redundancy in writing in some parts of the manuscript. Translation and choice of words can be improved.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. Our draft was completed through native English speakers. Nevertheless, if there is something missing, we want to revise it again.

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 2 Report (Previous Reviewer 2)

Satisfactory

Author Response

September 6th, 2023

 

Dear Editor-in-Chief, Sustainability:

 

We have carefully examined the reviewers’ comments on our manuscript submitted to Sustainability, entitled “Sustainable Countermeasures for Skin Health Improvement for Green Consumers: The Utilization of Hsian-tsao During Global Warming”. All comments and suggestions were taken into consideration during in the preparation of the revised version of the paper. As recommended, we have expanded the manuscript to satisfy the reviewers’ suggestions. We are pleased to know that our paper has been reviewed positively. We find the reviewers’ comments are very constructive and we had made revisions in the text accordingly, as well as point-by-point replies to the reviewers’ questions as listed below.

We believe the comments and changes made to our manuscript satisfactorily address the concerns of the reviewers and that our manuscript is acceptable for publication in Sustainability. If you require further information, please contact me.

 

Ki Han Kwon, PhD, Professor

College of General Education

Kookmin University

Seoul 02707, Republic of KOREA

Email: [email protected]

 

 

Reviewer(s)' Comments to Author:

 

Reviewer: 2

 

Comments for editor

Satisfactory

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments.

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 3 Report (Previous Reviewer 3)

The manuscript is greatly improved. The current version which include the rationale of the study and the results is good and can be accepted for publication. 

Moderate editing of English language required

Author Response

September 6th, 2023

 

Dear Editor-in-Chief, Sustainability:

 

We have carefully examined the reviewers’ comments on our manuscript submitted to Sustainability, entitled “Sustainable Countermeasures for Skin Health Improvement for Green Consumers: The Utilization of Hsian-tsao During Global Warming”. All comments and suggestions were taken into consideration during in the preparation of the revised version of the paper. As recommended, we have expanded the manuscript to satisfy the reviewers’ suggestions. We are pleased to know that our paper has been reviewed positively. We find the reviewers’ comments are very constructive and we had made revisions in the text accordingly, as well as point-by-point replies to the reviewers’ questions as listed below.

We believe the comments and changes made to our manuscript satisfactorily address the concerns of the reviewers and that our manuscript is acceptable for publication in Sustainability. If you require further information, please contact me.

 

Ki Han Kwon, PhD, Professor

College of General Education

Kookmin University

Seoul 02707, Republic of KOREA

Email: [email protected]

 

 

Reviewer(s)' Comments to Author:

 

Reviewer: 3

Comments:

The manuscript is greatly improved. The current version which include the rationale of the study and the results is good and can be accepted for publication.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments.

 

Moderate editing of English language required

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. Our draft was completed through native English speakers. Nevertheless, if there is something missing, we want to revise it again.

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 4 Report (New Reviewer)

Title:  Sustainable Countermeasures regarding Skin Health Improvement for Green Industrial Consumers: Focused on Utilization of Hsian-tsao in Global Warming

Authors:

 Jinkyung Lee and Ki Han Kwon

 

(1) This review centered upon the utilization of hsian-tsao in global warming and the problems that may occur in the skin due to global warming measures and to summarize heat-resistant ingredients that can respond to them.

 

(2) Although the systematic review is the first report to highlight the potential use of the tolerant xianchao plant as part of a green industry to combat global warming and skin. But as a review, it should be supported by a sufficient amount of references.

 

(3) It is recommended that the references should be increased to 100.

 Moderate editing of English language required

Author Response

September 6th, 2023

Dear Editor-in-Chief, Sustainability:

 

We have carefully examined the reviewers’ comments on our manuscript submitted to Sustainability, entitled “Sustainable Countermeasures for Skin Health Improvement for Green Consumers: The Utilization of Hsian-tsao During Global Warming”. All comments and suggestions were taken into consideration during in the preparation of the revised version of the paper. As recommended, we have expanded the manuscript to satisfy the reviewers’ suggestions. We are pleased to know that our paper has been reviewed positively. We find the reviewers’ comments are very constructive and we had made revisions in the text accordingly, as well as point-by-point replies to the reviewers’ questions as listed below.

We believe the comments and changes made to our manuscript satisfactorily address the concerns of the reviewers and that our manuscript is acceptable for publication in Sustainability. If you require further information, please contact me.

 

Ki Han Kwon, PhD, Professor

College of General Education

Kookmin University

Seoul 02707, Republic of KOREA

Email: [email protected]

 

 

Reviewer(s)' Comments to Author:

 

Reviewer: 3

Comments:

(1) This review centered upon the utilization of hsian-tsao in global warming and the problems that may occur in the skin due to global warming measures and to summarize heat-resistant ingredients that can respond to them.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments.

 

(2) Although the systematic review is the first report to highlight the potential use of the tolerant xianchao plant as part of a green industry to combat global warming and skin. But as a review, it should be supported by a sufficient amount of references.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. As you mentioned, to support the content of the paper, we re-searched the entire paper and re-searched the references used in the paper. Therefore, the content of the paper was readjusted to make it more impactful. Accordingly, a total of 1,231 documents were searched, and 107 documents were confirmed in the final stage. PRISMA was rearranged and Figure 1 was modified as follows. Additionally, as references changed, the text was deleted and revised throughout.

 

[Deleted Abstract Section, 1 page 22~23 lines]

Accordingly, a total of 1031 literatures were searched, and 52 literatures were selected in the final stage.

[Added Abstract Section, 1 page 22~23 lines]

Accordingly, we searched a total of 1231 studies were searched, and selected 107 studies in the final stage.

[Deleted Introduction Section, 1 page 39~43 lines]

Recently, the seriousness of global warming is becoming more and more prominent all over the world. Global warming begins with an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2). As a result, global warming intensifies, resulting in the greenhouse effect. CO2 has steadily increased over the past 30 years. Global temperatures have risen by 0.3 to 0.6°C over 100 years, reflecting atmospheric warming, shrinking glaciers, and rising sea levels.[1]

[Added Introduction Section, 1 page 40~2 page 49 lines]

Recently, the severity of global warming has increased worldwide. Because global warming is caused by an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2), increased emissions of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, and methane due to human activities are becoming a problem. There is general agreement that these increased emissions are causing a rapid rise in global surface temperatures around the world, which results in increased global warming, creating a greenhouse effect. Indeed, CO2 has increased steadily over the past 30 years. Global temperatures have risen by 0.3 to 0.6°C over the last 100 years, reflecting atmospheric warming, shrinking glaciers, and rising sea levels [1-5].

[Deleted Materials and methods Section, 3 page 122~124 lines]

Accordingly, a total of 1031 literatures were searched, and 52 literatures were selected in the final stage. It is reflected in 18 reviews and 34 papers among the final 52 papers and is shown in Figure 1 as PRISMA.

 

[Deleted Materials and methods Section, 4 page 139 line]

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram

[Added Materials and methods Section, 4 page 139~141 lines]

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram

[Deleted Materials and methods Section, 5 page 150~151 lines]

The tool proceeded by identifying 52 items.

[Added Materials and methods Section, 5 page 151 line]

the tool proceeded by identifying 107 items.

 

[Added Materials and methods Section, 3 page 124~127 lines]

Accordingly, a total of 1231 documents were searched, and 107 documents were selected in the final step. Of the final 107 papers, 31 reviews and 86 papers were included and are indicated as PRISMA in Figure 1.

[Deleted Results Section, 6 page 212~216 lines]

Research has also shown that global warming has serious negative effects on human health which is at great risk worldwide. Most Americans reported a general perception that global warming could be detrimental to health. However, relatively few people understood the types of damage global warming would cause or who would be most likely to be affected.

[Added Results Section, 6 page 216~223 lines]

Various ongoing studies have shown that global warming has serious negative impacts on human health, which poses a significant risk worldwide. CO2-responsible heavy greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption from fossil fuels can cause fatal problems for humans. To this point, most Americans report a general awareness that global warming may be harmful to health. However, relatively few people understand what kind of damage global warming could cause or who is most likely to be affected [47-51].

[Deleted Discussion Section, 12 page 375~377 lines, 12 page 387~403 lines, 13 page 439~441 lines, 14 page 461~471 lines, 14 page 494~505 lines]

Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are warming the planet. In addition, ocean absorption of anthropogenic heat in these environments slows warming. These climate systems are out of balance with increasing radiative forces.

This situation is changing the dynamics of the planet's ecosystems. In doing so, it is challenging public health. A similar situation was demonstrated by the recent heat wave in the United States. This is predicted to increase morbidity and mortality due to heat stress. An important future challenge is the change in the life cycles of microbial species due to warmer environments. In addition to pulmonary findings, cardiovascular morbidity, neurological diseases, and occupational diseases, humans have shown a particularly increased incidence of vector-borne diseases. Even in a previous 2001 study, warming led to many of the observed changes that have already occurred in the environment. Thinning of the polar ice caps may confirm this. A similar study was conducted in the US Global Research Program. This program was established to coordinate research activities in response to issues considered important by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. As a result, the scientific uncertainty of the greenhouse effect was confirmed. In addition, temperature measurements at various atmospheric levels and latitudes were demonstrated. It was also shown to be related to the effect on biota redistribution. Based on these findings, the Kyoto Protocol has mandated certain solutions, such as reducing CO2 levels by 7% within 2011.

The relationship between global warming and plant cultivation can be summarized as follows. First, a vegetarian diet can reduce this environmental degradation and increase plant carbon uptake.

There are several plants such as Beet, Spinach, Wheat, Mushroom, Curcuma longa, and ginger mentioned above that have been popularized and recognized as existing heat-resistant plants, but research results are still insufficient and the need for research and development that has not been popularized has been confirmed. Its purpose is to achieve the growth of the green industry according to the development of remarkable new materials. Therefore, Seoncho, one of the heat-resistant plants, is not well known in Korea yet. It is a plant of the Lamiaceae family that grows in Taiwan, and its leaves are known as a product with good utilization enough to be used as a dessert. However, it has not been popularized yet, and it contains many polyphenols, so it is also involved in antioxidant function, and it is considered a plant that is important for skin health due to global warming. Accordingly, its potential as a material for inner beauty and cosmetics is highly evaluated.

In previous reviews, several studies on Hsian-Tsao extract improving heat tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster and antioxidant activity of leaf gum were conducted. However, there are no previous studies investigating the development of sustainable inner beauty and nutricosmetic materials for healthy skin and beauty in preparation for global warming using Hsian-Tsao extract. Hsian-Tsao extract shows the potential for antioxidant function using polyphenols and skin health that can respond to global warming. Early evidence of these effects has recently been published. In addition, there has been no research yet on the possibility of future utilization of Hsian-Tsao extract, reflecting global warming and consumer needs for green industry. Therefore, based on the research result that Hsian-tsao (Mesona chinensis Benth.) extract improves the heat resistance of D. melanogaster, it has implications for the development of customized inner beauty and cosmetics.

[Added Discussion Section, 12 page 377~387 lines, 12 page 403~13 page 423 lines, 13 page 441~447 lines, 14 page 472~491 lines, 14 page 505~15 page 520 lines]

Greenhouse gas emissions caused by humans are warming the Earth. Global warming, caused by increasing carbon emissions, has captured the attention of the global population. Carbon emissions mainly refer to greenhouse gas emissions generated during the production, transportation, use, and recycling of products. These environmental changes will require humans to better cope with climate problems and resolve the contradictions between environmental and economic growth. Therefore, a low-carbon transition is essential.

Additionally, in these environments, warming is slowed as anthropogenic heat is absorbed by the ocean. These climate systems become unbalanced as radiation increases [72-80].

This situation is changing the dynamics of Earth's ecosystems and poses a threat to public health. The recent heat wave in the United States showed a similar situation. Climate change is expected to increase morbidity and mortality due to heat stress. In addition to pulmonary, cardiovascular, neurological, and occupational diseases, the incidence of vector-borne diseases is increasing in humans.

An earlier 2001 study also found that warming was causing many of the observed changes that have already occurred in the environment, for example, the thinning of polar ice caps. A similar study was recently conducted by the US Global Studies Program, which was established to coordinate research activities in response to issues deemed important by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. As a result, the scientific uncertainty regarding the greenhouse effect was confirmed, as temperature measurements at various atmospheric levels and latitudes were demonstrated.

As climate change problems become more serious, various industries will need to make changes. In the context of energy constraints, changes in energy factors will have a significant impact on national and regional green innovation. This can be understood as related to the impact on biota redistribution. Based on these results, the Kyoto Protocol mandated specific solutions, such as reducing CO2 levels by 7% within 2011 [72,81-92].

The relationship between global warming and plant cultivation can be summarized as follows. First, a vegetarian diet can reduce environmental destruction and increase carbon uptake by plants. However, heat stress (HS) caused by global warming can also cause problems with food security. Plants, which are sessile species, have evolved a variety of mechanisms to cope with disruption of cellular homeostasis, which can disrupt their growth and development. Therefore, plant cultivation should be further increased in response to global warming [9-13,67].

Various plants such as beets, spinach, wheat, mushrooms, turmeric, and ginger have become popular and are being recognized as heat-resistant plants. Nevertheless, research is still lacking, and the need for research and development on them is increasing. The purpose of such research is to achieve the growth of the green industry through the development of noteworthy new materials.

For example, Seoncho, a heat-resistant plant, is not yet well-known in Korea but is native to Taiwan, also called Liangfen Cao or black cincau, and belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Its leaves are known to be versatile enough to be used as desserts. Additionally, Hsian-tsao is a plant mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions such as Taiwan, southern China, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Burma. In summer, it is also used in Hsian-tsao tea and herbal jelly. In particular, in winter, heated herbal jelly is a plant loved by many Taiwanese for its scent and taste. In Indonesia, it is also used as an herbal drink and jelly-type dessert. Hsian-tsao is used as a medicinal ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine and folk medicine. It is known to be effective in treating heat shock, high blood pressure, diabetes, liver disease, and muscle and joint pain. However, it has not yet become popular worldwide. It contains a lot of polyphenols, so it is also involved in antioxidant functions, and it is considered an important plant for skin health amid global warming. Accordingly, it has been evaluated to have high potential as an inner-beauty and cosmetic material [33-37,92-100].

In previous reviews, several studies have been conducted to show that Hsian-tsao extract improves the thermotolerance of Drosophila melanogaster and enhances the antioxidant activity of leaf gum. In addition, research has been conducted on Hsian-tsao because it contains polysaccharides (gum) with a unique flavor and texture, and many studies have investigated Hsian-tsao gum. Research on the scent of Hsian-tsao has also been conducted.

However, there has been no prior research on the development of inner-beauty or nutritional cosmetics materials for strong skin and beauty to promote sustainability amid global warming. To this point, Hsian-tsao extract demonstrates antioxidant properties using polyphenols and skin health potential to combat the effects of global warming; initial evidence for this effect was recently published. Therefore, and in consideration of the research results showing that Hsian-tsao (Mesona chinensis Benth.) extract improves the heat resistance of D. melanogaster, the study of Hsian-tsao has implications for the development of customized inner-beauty and cosmetics products [33-37,101-107].

 

[Deleted Conclusions Section, 15 page 541~559 lines]

The purpose of this paper is to review problems that may occur in the skin due to global warming measures and to summarize heat-resistant ingredients that can respond to them. As global warming progresses, awareness of customized inner beauty and cosmetics for sustainable and safe healthy skin, hair, and beauty is increasing, and the need for development for global business utilization is emerging. Although previous systematic reviews have reported mixed results, our findings reflect a new vision. This systematic review is the first report to highlight the potential use of the tolerant xianchao plant as part of a green industry to combat global warming and skin. Through sustainable and safe Hsian-tsao, further studies to mitigate human heat stress caused by global warming and evaluate its impact on beauty and health should evaluate its utilization and reflect consumer needs that can contribute to the green industry. Therefore, in a situation where the growth of the green industry is urgently needed due to the acceleration of global warming, additional research on inner beauty materials and heat-resistant plants that lower the temperature is emphasized in line with future preparations for continuous globalization, and as a signal, the science community, nutrition, inner beauty, and cosmetics It seems likely to bring more interest to the industry and this trend will continue in the future. We hope that Hsian-tsao will be used in a variety of skin health strategies and nutritional approaches to global warming and heat resistance.

[Added Conclusions Section, 15 page 559~16 page 579 lines]

The purpose of this paper is to review problems that may occur on the skin due to global warming and to address them by organizing heat-resistant ingredients that can respond to them. As global warming progresses around the world, awareness of customized inner-beauty and cosmetics products for sustainable, safe, and healthy skin, hair, and beauty is increasing, and the need for the development of global green business is emerging.

Although previous systematic reviews have reported mixed results, our findings reflect a new vision. This systematic review is the first to highlight the potential use of thermotolerant plants as part of green industry to combat global warming and improve our skin. Specifically, we report that the sustainable and safe use of Hsian-tsao will serve as a key resource for alleviating human heat stress caused by global warming and highlight the importance of evaluating its impact on beauty and health. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the utility of Hsian-tsao and reflect consumer needs, which can contribute to the growth of the green industry. In a situation where the growth of the green industry is desperately needed because of the acceleration of global warming, additional research is needed on inner-beauty materials and heat-resistant plants that lower temperature in preparation for continued global warming in the future. As a result, interest in industries such as science, nutrition, inner beauty, and cosmetics is expected to increase further. We hope that Hsian-tsao will be utilized in various skin health strategies and nutritional approaches to respond to global warming and increase heat tolerance.

 

(3) It is recommended that the references should be increased to 100.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. An additional 55 references were added from the existing 52 references. Therefore, 107 references consisting of 31 reviews and 86 articles were finally inserted into this paper.

 

[Added References Section, 19 page 599~22page 743 lines, Total 55]

53. Jain SK, Wettberg EJv, Punia SS, Parihar AK, Lamichaney A, Kumar J, Gupta DS, Ahmad S, Pant NC, Dixit GP, et al. Genomic-Mediated Breeding Strategies for Global Warming in Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.). Agriculture. 2023; 13(9):1721. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091721
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Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Round 2

Reviewer 1 Report (Previous Reviewer 1)

The review attempts to cover various different topics which again dilutes the focus and depth of each topic. The authors made some efforts to improve the content and structure.

Suggest some editing on English.

Author Response

September 12th, 2023

 

Dear Editor-in-Chief, Sustainability:

 

We have carefully examined the reviewers’ comments on our manuscript submitted to Sustainability, entitled “Sustainable Countermeasures for Skin Health Improvement for Green Consumers: The Utilization of Hsian-tsao During Global Warming”. All comments and suggestions were taken into consideration during in the preparation of the revised version of the paper. As recommended, we have expanded the manuscript to satisfy the reviewers’ suggestions. We are pleased to know that our paper has been reviewed positively. We find the reviewers’ comments are very constructive and we had made revisions in the text accordingly, as well as point-by-point replies to the reviewers’ questions as listed below.

We believe the comments and changes made to our manuscript satisfactorily address the concerns of the reviewers and that our manuscript is acceptable for publication in Sustainability. If you require further information, please contact me.

 

Ki Han Kwon, PhD, Professor

College of General Education

Kookmin University

Seoul 02707, Republic of KOREA

Email: [email protected]

 

 

Reviewer(s)' Comments to Author:

Reviewer: 1

 

Comments:

The review attempts to cover various different topics which again dilutes the focus and depth of each topic. The authors made some efforts to improve the content and structure.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. Thank you for your valuable feedback. In order to increase the logic between each variable, it was reflected in this revision.

 

Suggest some editing on English.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. Our draft was completed through native English speakers.

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 4 Report (New Reviewer)

The manuscript tiltled "Sustainable Countermeasures regarding Skin Health Improvement for Green Industrial Consumers: Focused on Utilization of Hsian-tsao in Global Warming" can be accepted.

Minor editing of English language required

Author Response

September 12th, 2023

Dear Editor-in-Chief, Sustainability:

 

We have carefully examined the reviewers’ comments on our manuscript submitted to Sustainability, entitled “Sustainable Countermeasures for Skin Health Improvement for Green Consumers: The Utilization of Hsian-tsao During Global Warming”. All comments and suggestions were taken into consideration during in the preparation of the revised version of the paper. As recommended, we have expanded the manuscript to satisfy the reviewers’ suggestions. We are pleased to know that our paper has been reviewed positively. We find the reviewers’ comments are very constructive and we had made revisions in the text accordingly, as well as point-by-point replies to the reviewers’ questions as listed below.

We believe the comments and changes made to our manuscript satisfactorily address the concerns of the reviewers and that our manuscript is acceptable for publication in Sustainability. If you require further information, please contact me.

 

Ki Han Kwon, PhD, Professor

College of General Education

Kookmin University

Seoul 02707, Republic of KOREA

Email: [email protected]

 

 

 

Reviewer(s)' Comments to Author:

 

Reviewer: 4

Comments:

The manuscript tiltled "Sustainable Countermeasures regarding Skin Health Improvement for Green Industrial Consumers: Focused on Utilization of Hsian-tsao in Global Warming" can be accepted.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments.

 

Minor editing of English language required

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. Our draft was completed through native English speakers.

 

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

This manuscript is a resubmission of an earlier submission. The following is a list of the peer review reports and author responses from that submission.

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

The review article attempts to emphasize the impact of global warming on skin health, and if understood correctly, the use of Hsian-Tsao in treating skin-related issues caused by global warming. The review includes description of several topics, i.e., global warming and its consequences on skin health, public awareness for skin problems and healing properties and applications of Hsian-Tsao; however, the actual review on each topic is rather brief, and lacks insights. The conclusion of the review is also vague.

 

In-line comments:

 

Line 82 - 85. It is unclear whether the keywords for performing literature search were applied simultaneously or independently.

 

Figure 1. Elaborate on relevance of the 41 articles, and how they have been used to present the “Results” part. It seems that the 41 articles also include other review articles – specify the numbers of review articles and research articles.

 

Line 125 “Results” part. Suggest the authors focus on one topic and conduct a more comprehensive review on that topic, e.g., healing properties of Hsian-Tsao in response to heat-caused damage to skin.

 

Table 1. The table is rather simple as it cites conclusions and discussion from three other review articles. The summary lacks insights and comprehensiveness.

 

Line 240 “Discussion” – same as comment for “Results”: the section lacks focus, i.e., topics discussed are relatively independent. The section needs to improve on organization.

 

Table 3. Suggest move the table to “Results”.

 

Line 321 – 322. Using word “identify” suggests the article to be a research article, rather than a review article. Suggest change wording to “summarize” or “review”.

English language and especially the flow in writing can be improved.

Author Response

August 15th, 2023

 

Dear Editor-in-Chief, Sustainability:

 

We have carefully examined the reviewers’ comments on our manuscript submitted to Sustainability, entitled “Sustainable Countermeasures regarding Skin Health Improvement for Green Industrial Consumers: Focused on Utilization of Hsian-tsao in Global Warming”. All comments and suggestions were taken into consideration during in the preparation of the revised version of the paper. As recommended, we have expanded the manuscript to satisfy the reviewers’ suggestions. We are pleased to know that our paper has been reviewed positively. We find the reviewers’ comments are very constructive and we had made revisions in the text accordingly, as well as point-by-point replies to the reviewers’ questions as listed below.

We believe the comments and changes made to our manuscript satisfactorily address the concerns of the reviewers and that our manuscript is acceptable for publication in Sustainability. If you require further information, please contact me.

 

Ki Han Kwon, PhD, Professor

College of General Education

Kookmin University

Seoul 02707, Republic of KOREA

Email: [email protected]

 

 

Reviewer(s)' Comments to Author:

Reviewer: 1

 

Comments:

The review article attempts to emphasize the impact of global warming on skin health, and if understood correctly, the use of Hsian-Tsao in treating skin-related issues caused by global warming. The review includes description of several topics, i.e., global warming and its consequences on skin health, public awareness for skin problems and healing properties and applications of Hsian-Tsao; however, the actual review on each topic is rather brief, and lacks insights. The conclusion of the review is also vague.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. However, to increase the clarity of the actual review of each topic, the references of the article were reviewed as a whole, and many parts were reorganized and written to expand the scope of the article. Accordingly, the content of the conclusion were newly written, and the part of the conclusion was deleted and rewritten.

 

[Deleted Conclusions Section, 21 page 553~566 lines]

This paper aimed to identify the problems that will occur in the skin due to global warming measures and to identify heat-resistant ingredients that can respond to them. There have been increased consumer needs for healthy beauty products after COVID-19 worldwide. In addition, as global warming progresses, awareness of customized inner beauty and cosmetics for healthy skin, hair, and beauty that are sustainable and safe is increasing, and the need for development for global business utilization is emerging. Although previous systematic reviews have reported mixed results, our findings reflect a new vision. Additional research considering how to alleviate human heat stress due to global warming through sustainable and safe Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) and to evaluate its beauty and health effects should be performed to evaluate its utilization and reflect consumer needs. Therefore, we hope that Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) will be utilized in various ways as a skin health strategy and nutritional approach for global warming and heat resistance.

 

[Added Conclusions Section, 21 page 567~584 lines]

The purpose of this paper is to review problems that may occur in the skin due to global warming measures and to summarize heat-resistant ingredients that can respond to them. As global warming progresses, awareness of customized inner beauty and cosmetics for sustainable and safe healthy skin, hair, and beauty is increasing, and the need for development for global business utilization is emerging. Although previous systematic reviews have reported mixed results, our findings reflect a new vision. This systematic review is the first report to highlight the potential use of the tolerant xianchao plant as part of a green industry to combat global warming and skin. Through sustainable and safe Hsian-tsao, further studies to mitigate human heat stress caused by global warming and evaluate its impact on beauty and health should evaluate its utilization and reflect consumer needs that can contribute to the green industry. Therefore, in a situation where the growth of the green industry is urgently needed due to the acceleration of global warming, additional research on inner beauty materials and heat-resistant plants that lower the temperature is emphasized in line with future preparations for continuous globalization, and as a signal, the science community, nutrition, inner beauty, and cosmetics It seems likely to bring more interest to the industry and this trend will continue in the future. We hope that Hsian-tsao will be used in a variety of skin health strategies and nutritional approaches to global warming and heat resistance.

 

1) Line 82 - 85. It is unclear whether the keywords for performing literature search were applied simultaneously or independently.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. We have extensively revised and edited the Materials and Methods as follows:

 

[Deleted Materials and Methods Section, 2 page 82~87 lines]

Although this review was a systematic review, the following sources were searched: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. Also, this is a narrative review, we searched various online health- and medicine-related databases using search term chains such as global warming, Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.), heat resistance, skin health, cosmetics, sustainable safety, consumers, customized cosmetics, and inner beauty according to the PRISMA flow chart guidelines.

 

[Added Materials and Methods Section, 3 page 137~145 lines]

Although this review was a narrative review, a systematic review was conducted by individually setting the relevant keywords according to the PRISMA flow chart guidelines. The search method is as follows. We searched PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar and medical related databases. It was conducted using a chain of search terms such as “global warming”, “Hsian-tsao”, “heat resistance”, “skin health”, “cosmetics”, “green industry”, and “consumer”. Accordingly, a total of 1031 literatures were searched, and 52 literatures were selected in the final stage. It is re-flected in 18 reviews and 34 papers among the final 52 papers and is shown in Figure 1 as PRISMA.

 

[Deleted Abstract Section, 1 page 20~24 lines]

Although this review was a systematic review, the following sources were searched: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. Also, this is a narrative review, we searched various online health- and medicine-related databases using search term chains such as global warming, Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.), heat resistance, skin health, cosmetics, sustainable safety, consumers, customized cosmetics, and inner beauty according to the PRISMA flow chart guidelines.

 

[Added Abstract Section, 1 page 24~29 lines]

Although this review is a narrative review, we conducted a systematic review and searched sources such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar according to PRISMA flow chart guidelines. In addition, it was conducted using a chain of search words such as “global warming”, “green industry”, “Hsian-tsao”, “heat resistance”, “skin health”, “cosmetics”, and “consumer”. Accordingly, a total of 1031 literatures were searched, and 52 literatures were selected in the final stage.

 

2) Figure 1. Elaborate on relevance of the 41 articles, and how they have been used to present the “Results” part. It seems that the 41 articles also include other review articles – specify the numbers of review articles and research articles.

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. The references were reorganized to reflect your opinion. The 7 irrelevant references were deleted, and a re-search was conducted. Accordingly, a total of 1031 literatures were searched, and 52 literatures were confirmed in the final stage. Of the final 52 articles, specific 18 review articles and 34 research articles were rearranged into PRISMA, and Figure 1 was modified as follows. Additionally, some text has been deleted and corrected as references change.

 

[Deleted Abstract Section, 1 page 20~24 lines]

Although this review was a systematic review, the following sources were searched: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. Also, this is a narrative review, we searched various online health- and medicine-related databases using search term chains such as global warming, Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.), heat resistance, skin health, cosmetics, sustainable safety, consumers, customized cosmetics, and inner beauty according to the PRISMA flow chart guidelines.

 

[Added Abstract Section, 1 page 24~29 lines]

Although this review is a narrative review, we conducted a systematic review and searched sources such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar according to PRISMA flow chart guidelines. In addition, it was conducted using a chain of search words such as “global warming”, “green industry”, “Hsian-tsao”, “heat resistance”, “skin health”, “cosmetics”, and “consumer”. Accordingly, a total of 1031 literatures were searched, and 52 literatures were selected in the final stage.

 

[Deleted Materials and Methods Section, 3 page 129~134 lines]

Although this review was a systematic review, the following sources were searched: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. Also, this is a narrative review, we searched various online health- and medicine-related databases using search term chains such as global warming, Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.), heat resistance, skin health, cosmetics, sustainable safety, consumers, customized cosmetics, and inner beauty according to the PRISMA flow chart guidelines.

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram

 

[Added Materials and Methods Section, 3 page 137~145 lines]

Although this review was a narrative review, a systematic review was conducted by individually setting the relevant keywords according to the PRISMA flow chart guidelines. The search method is as follows. We searched PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar and medical related databases. It was conducted using a chain of search terms such as “global warming”, “Hsian-tsao”, “heat resistance”, “skin health”, “cosmetics”, “green industry”, and “consumer”. Accordingly, a total of 1031 literatures were searched, and 52 literatures were selected in the final stage. It is reflected in 18 reviews and 34 papers among the final 52 papers and is shown in Figure 1 as PRISMA.

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram

 

 

[Deleted References Section, 23 page 634~659 lines]

5. Miguel C, Avram G, Klimczuk A, Simonovits B, Balázs B, Česnuitytė,V. 2022. The sharing economy in Europe: From idea to reality. In The Sharing Economy in Europe (pp. 3– 18). Palgrave Macmillan.
6. Aktan M, Kethüda Ö. 2023. The role of environmental literacy, psychological distance of climate change, and collectivism on generation Z's collaborative consumption tendency. Journal of Consumer Behaviour. Early View
7. Park J, Lee JH, Kim YJ, Song YW. 2020. A descriptive study on the brief development history of K-beauty and its future directions. J Distrib Logist. 7(1): 73–92.
8. Paetz A, Dutschke E, Fichtner W. 2012. Smart homes as a means to sustainable energy consumption: a study of consumer perceptions. Journal of Consumer Policy. 35(1): 23– 41.
9. Dunlap R. 1994. International attitudes towards environment and development. In B Helge, P Geaorge (eds). Green Globe Yearbook of International Co-operation on Environment and Development. Oxford University Press: Oxford; 115–126.
10. Abdul Wahid N, Rahbar E, Shyan T. 2011. Factors influencing the green purchase behaviour of Penang environmental volunteer. International Business Management 5(1): 38–49.
11. Laroche M, Begeron J, Barbaro-Forleo G. 2001. Targeting consumers who are willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products. Journal of Consumer Marketing. 18(6): 503–520.

 

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3) Line 125 “Results” part. Suggest the authors focus on one topic and conduct a more comprehensive review on that topic, e.g., healing properties of Hsian-Tsao in response to heat-caused damage to skin.

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. As you mentioned in the "Results" section, we conducted a more comprehensive review of the subject and expanded the content further. Also, as you mentioned, we modified Result #3 to 'The healing power of Hsian-Tsao in response to skin damage caused by heat'. and rewritten. Additionally, Result No. 1 has also revised the title to Changes in consumer needs due to accelerating global warming and added extensive content. In addition, Table 4 heat-resistant ingredients and plants were added to further emphasize the contents.

 

[Deleted Results Section, 6 page 192~213 lines]

3.1. Acceleration of global warming and changes in life

Environmental destruction is one of the most serious problems affecting our lives and the lives of future generations. Environmental destruction and sustainability are emerging as the biggest issues today. This may be the most serious problem we face. Awareness of all issues related to the environment is constantly rising. It has been confirmed that individuals cite environmental issues as a major problem. [9,10,44,45]

People all over the world are taking environmental degradation very seriously, which confirm that concerns about environmental destruction are increasing.[11] Consumers recognize that individual consumption behavior affects the environment.[12]

As consumers become more aware of the seriousness of environmental problems, they are increasingly identifying companies that engage in environmentally friendly prac-tices, which has increased their desire to seek out and purchase services and products from these companies.[14–1615,44]

 

 

[Added Results Section, 6 page 192~8page 253 lines]

3.1. Changes in consumer needs due to accelerating global warming

Environmental degradation is one of the most serious problems affecting our lives and the lives of future generations. Today, environmental destruction and sustainability are emerging as the biggest issues, and green industries are at the center of it. This may be the most serious problem we face. Awareness of all issues related to the green environment will continue to rise, and it has been confirmed that individuals cite environ-mental issues as a major issue. [12,13,20]

People all over the world are taking environmental destruction very seriously. Due to this phenomenon, awareness of green industries is emerging along with consumption patterns. [10,19]

As consumers recognize the seriousness of environmental problems, the industry is changing as well. There are more and more companies practicing green environment and green industry friendly practices, which have become a requirement. This is be-lieved to be due to an increased desire to find and purchase services and products from these companies. [12,23]

A study on the assessment of public knowledge and potential health impacts of global warming in Ghana surveyed Ghanaian adults (N = 1130) from November 1, 2018, to February 28, 2019, and found that the same result was obtained. Approximately 84.4% of the respondents understood the meaning of global warming. The causes of global warming recognized by the respondents were as follows: a natural process, deforestation, God's will, and fossil fuel burning and CO2. Furthermore, 83.4% of respondents answered that global warming affects human health, while only 8.5% said that it does not. Approximately 78.6% answered that they support efforts to reduce the intensity of global warming. These results confirm useful insights for policy direction. Accordingly, communication strategies to increase and maintain public awareness and education of citizens on global warming are needed. Research has confirmed that it will be necessary. [30] Research has also shown that global warming has serious negative effects on human health which is at great risk worldwide. Most Americans reported a general perception that global warming could be detrimental to health. However, relatively few people understood the types of damage global warming would cause or who would be most likely to be affected. [31] An increase in temperature due to global warming causes disturbances of skin microorganisms. This affects atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, and psoriasis. High temperatures are also associated with exacerbation of skin diseases and increased risk of heat stroke. They also act on abnormal weather phenomena caused by climate change, such as floods and forest fires. These events have been associated with acute exacerbations of skin injuries, skin infections, and inflammatory skin diseases.4 In addition, since the outbreak of COVID-19, various studies have been conducted on skin health for health promotion, healthy eating habits, and sustainable safety. [6-8] Global warming and consumers' desire for safe ingredients are shown in Table 1.

 

Table 1. Global Warming and Consumers' desire for safe ingredients

Author	Ninh Nguyen et al. (2016)	An R et al. (2018)	Lee et al. (2022)	Miguel et al. (2022)	So B, Kwon KH . (2023)
Title	Determinants influencing conservation behaviour: Perceptions of Vietnamese consumers	Global warming and obesity: a systematic review	Good ingredients from foods to vegan cosmetics after COVID-19 pandemic	The sharing economy in Europe: From idea to reality	Nutritional Approaches of the Changing Consumer after the Pandemic: Sustainable Potential of Phytoene and Phytofluene for Photoprotection and Skin Health
Discussion	It suggests that it has influenced consumer conservation behavior. The most influential determinants were PCE, ecological effectiveness, concern for the environment and moral obligations.	Population growth and industrialization affect land use and urbanization, motor transport and agricultural productivity, consequently global warming due to excessive greenhouse gas emissions, and the obesity epidemic due to nutrient shifts and physical inactivity. Accordingly, consumers have a need for safe ingredients to prevent obesity.	As environmental issues have grown since the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers' needs are focusing on vegan cosmetics with good ingredients and good cosmetics.	Awareness of environmental issues is growing. As a result, consumers are looking for more sustainable, safer and more efficient ways to use products and services.	From the nutritional point of view of consumers, identifying sustainable endogenous nutrients for long-term healthy skin wants to graft onto the skin.
Journal name	J consumer behaviour	Obes Rev	J Cosmet Dermatol	In The sharing economy in Europe	Sustainability

 

[Deleted Results Section, 10 page 292~294 lines]

3.3.Corrigendum: heat resistance and skin healing of Hsian-Tsao (Mesona chinensis Benth.) extract

 

[Added Results Section, 11 page 293~12 page 342 lines]

v

3.3. Healing properties of Hsian-Tsao in response to heat-induced skin damage

Table 2 summarizes the research on heat resistance and skin healing potential of Hsian-Tsao extract. Studies on global warming have shown that it is caused by extreme temperatures and other stresses. This suggests that Hsps are important components of an organism's resistance mechanism. These proteins function as molecular chaperones that support the maintenance of cellular protein structures. Members of the Hsp70 family mitigate cellular damage in D. melanogaster under heat stress. [32] This fact has been recognized for more than two centuries. It has been shown that high levels of Hsp70 in Drosophila are due to high levels of thermotolerance. In addition to Hsp70, heat stress also increases lipid oxidation, which enhances ROS and induces oxidative stress within cells. Antioxidant enzymes, including CAT and SOD, are known to play an important role in protecting cells from the harmful effects of ROS. The synthesis of these enzymes may also be an important regulator of an animal's stress response, which is an endogenous oxidative defense system. Overexpression of SOD and CAT genes increase the lifespan of D. Therefore, the induction of Hsp70 and the production of antioxidant enzymes have been summarized as potential regulatory factors that improve heat resistance under heat stress. [44]

Table 2. Heat resistance and skin healing potential of Hsian-Tsao extract

Author	Yen GC et al. (2000)	Lai LS et al. (2001)	Fan SL al. (2021)	Huang Y et al. (2022)
Title	Protective effect of extracts of Mesona procumbens Hemsl. on DNA damage in human lymphocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide and UV irradiation	Studies on the antioxidative activities of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl) leaf gum	Effects of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) extracts and its polysaccharides on the promotion of wound healing under diabetes-like conditions	Hsian-Tsao (Mesona chinensis Benth.) Extract Improves the Thermal Tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster
Discussion	WEHT can reduce DNA damage caused by UV-C, and WEHT has more protective effects against UV-C than DNA damage caused by H 2 O 2 .	The hsian-tsao leaf gum appears to be more effective at chelating Fe(2+) or scavenging superoxide radicals than it is at scavenging alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. In addition, superoxide radical scavenging and Fe(2+) chelating ability were superior to alpha-tocopherol and BHT.	Tissue of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) protein expression in the evaluation of the effect of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) and its polysaccharides on impaired wound healing in diabetes. Inhibitor control significantly improved wound healing on the back skin.	indicating that lethal times for 50% of HTE-fed female flies were significantly longer than male flies at the same heat stress temperature. The survival time of females under high-temperature stress was significantly increased in the HTE-added group compared to the non-added group. Thermal curing by acute exposure to 36°C can significantly extend the lifespan of females.
Journal name	Food Chem Toxicol	J Agric Food Chem	Food Funct	Front Nutr

 

[Added Results Section, 14 page 373~15 page 377 lines]

Inner beauty and heat-resistant plants that can be applied cosmetically are also being studied in various ways as follows.Other heat-resistant ingredients and plants are summarized in Table 4.[47-52]

 

Table 4. heat-resistant ingredients and plants

ingredient	representative plant	Title	Discussion	Author&	Journal name
Betaine	Beet, Spinach, Wheat, Mushroom	Effects of dietary supplementation of the osmolyte betaine on growing pig performance and serological and hematological indices during thermoneutral and heat-stressed conditions	Heat stress reduced growth, disturbed ion balance, and increased markers of muscle damage. Betaine had a minor impact on alleviating heat stress except for early days of heat exposure. The beneficial effect of betaine was diminished by pig adaptation.	Mendoza SM et al.(2017)	J Anim Sci
		Effect of betaine supplementation on growth performance, nutrient intake and expression of IGF-1 in Karan Fries heifers during thermal stress	Heat stress hampers nutrient utilisation and production of animals, and dietary betaine supplementation can mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress on animals and improve their productivity.	Lakhani P et al.(2020)	Theriogenology
		Betaine Supplementation May Improve Heat Tolerance: Potential Mechanisms in Humans	Betaine has been demonstrated to increase tolerance to hypertonic and thermal stressors. At the cellular level, intracellular betaine functions like molecular chaperones, thereby reducing the need for inducible heat shock protein expression.	Willingham BD et al.(2022)	Nutrients
Curcumin	Curcuma longa, ginger	Curcumin ameloriates heat stress via inhibition of oxidative stress and modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in quail	Curcumin, a natural polyphenol in the turmeric spice, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the mechanism of action of curcumin to alleviate oxidative stress in quail subjected to high temperature stress was identified.	Sahin K et al.(2012)	Food Chem Toxicol
		Curcumin supplementation increases survival and lifespan in Drosophila under heat stress conditions	demonstrated that curcumin (CUR) supplementation increased the survival of turtles under heat stress (HS).	Chen Y et al.(2017)	Biofactors
		Juvenile growth, thermotolerance and gut histomorphology of broiler chickens fed Curcuma longa under hot-humid environments	Dietary supplementation of Curcuma longa powder, especially at 8 g/kg diet, improved intestinal morphology in broilers in hot and humid environments, resulting in improved antioxidant status, thermotolerance and nutrient absorption.	Kpomasse CC  et al.(2023)	Heliyon

 

4) Table 1. The table is rather simple as it cites conclusions and discussion from three other review articles. The summary lacks insights and comprehensiveness.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. Table 1 was deleted and reorganized as you mentioned. Also, the location was modified to match the contents and changed to Table 2.

[Deleted Results Section, 9 page 288~10 page 289 lines]

Table 1. Global Warming skin problems

Summary	Title	Discussion	Author	Journal name
human body temperature regulation	Human temperature regulation under heat stress in health, disease, and injury	Thermoregulation is a homeostatic feedback control system that ensures that core body temperature is maintained within narrow limits despite wide-ranging changes in environmental conditions and activity-related elevations in metabolic heat production. It can cause deep skin burns and heat stroke.	Cramer MN et al.(2022)	Physiol Rev
global warming and skin disease	Climate Change, Skin Health, and Dermatologic Disease: A Guide for the Dermatologist	Post-change-related factors affect the skin's ability to maintain homeostasis, leading to various skin diseases. Atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pemphigus, acne, melasma, and photoaging are typical.	Belzer A, Parker ER(2023)	Am J Clin Dermatol
Human thermoregulation and skin disease	Global warming, heat-related illnesses, and the dermatologist	Since the skin is an organ responsible for heat dissipation, dermatologists are familiar with the physiology of skin heat dissipation and the thermoregulatory response of the skin can be compromised. Eccrine dysfunction affects the skin's ability to regulate body temperature. Heat-related morbidity and mortality may increase.	Williams ML(2020)	Int J Womens Dermatol

 

[Added Results Section, 10 page 290~11 page 291 lines]

Table 2. Global Warming skin problems

global warming problem	skin problems	Title	Discussion	Author	Journal name
Increased UV-rays	DNA damage& cutaneous cancer	Cutaneous Cancer Biology	There has been a drastic increase in the incidence of nonmelanoma (NMSC), including squamous, basal cell, and melanoma skin cancers worldwide.	Khandelwal AR  et al.(2020)	Otolaryngol Clin North Am
	skin aging	Inflammatory Molecules Associated with Ultraviolet Radiation-Mediated Skin Aging	Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a source of circulating inflammatory molecules that accelerate skin aging and lead to age-related diseases.	Ansary TM et al.(2021)	Int J Mol Sci
	pigmentation	Visible light. Part II: Photoprotection against visible and ultraviolet light	Visible light (VL) constitutes 50% of the electromagnetic radiation reaching the Earth's surface and, as discussed in Part I of this CME, has skin biological effects such as pigmentation and erythema.	Geisler AN et al.(2021)	J Am Acad Dermatol
Skin infection caused by abnormal temperature	malignant tick infection	Infection with Neoehrlichia mikurensis promotes the development of malignant B-cell lymphomas	The tick-borne pathogen Neoehrlichia (N.) mikurensis is implicated in persistent infection of the vascular endothelium.	Wennerås C  et al.(2023)	Br J Haematol
	jellyfish sting	Toxic jellyfish in Thailand	Stings range from mild skin irritation to severe systemic symptoms that can lead to death.	Lakhani P et al.(2020)	Int Marit Health
	malaria	Malaria Pathogenesis	Human clinical disease (e.g., fever, anemia, coma) is the result of pre-programmed parasite biology in concert with human pathophysiological responses. Caveats and inferences that add variation to this host–parasite interaction include parasite genetic diversity in key proteins, co-infections, comorbidities, treatment delays, human polymorphisms, and environmental determinants.	Milner DA Jr .(2018)	Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

 

5) Line 240 “Discussion” – same as comment for “Results”: the section lacks focus, i.e., topics discussed are relatively independent. The section needs to improve on organization.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. The discussion section has improved organization. The discussion questions were organized for each session, and the contents were reorganized and changed as a whole.

 

[Deleted Discussions Section, 16 page 410~21 page 529 lines]

Worldwide, fossil fuel economies, population growth, and consequent industrialization affect land use and urbanization, motor transport, and agricultural productivity. Accordingly, studies have shown that global warming is influenced by the obesity epidemic caused by excessive greenhouse gas emissions and nutritional conversion. These findings suggest that physical inactivity and global warming will also have a direct impact on obesity through the food supply, price shocks, and adaptive thermogenesis. The obesity epidemic will also have an impact on global warming by increased energy consumption. Accordingly, consumers want to promote policies and active lifestyles that support the deployment of clean and sustainable energy sources. In accordance with this, it is necessary to change urban designs by alleviating the social burden of global warming and obesity.[34 ]

A study on the assessment of public knowledge and potential health impacts of global warming in Ghana surveyed Ghanaian adults (N = 1130) from November 1, 2018, to February 28, 2019, and found that the same result was obtained. Approximately 84.4% of the respondents understood the meaning of global warming. The causes of global warming recognized by the respondents were as follows: a natural process, deforestation, God's will, and fossil fuel burning and CO2. Furthermore, 83.4% of respondents answered that global warming affects human health, while only 8.5% said that it does not. Approximately 78.6% answered that they support efforts to reduce the intensity of global warming. These results confirm useful insights for policy direction. Accordingly, communication strategies to increase and maintain public awareness and education of citizens on global warming are needed. Research has confirmed that it will be necessary.[35] Research has also shown that global warming has serious negative effects on human health which is at great risk worldwide. Most Americans reported a general perception that global warming could be detrimental to health. However, relatively few people understood the types of damage global warming would cause or who would be most likely to be affected.[36] An increase in temperature due to global warming causes disturbances of skin microorganisms. This affects atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, and psoriasis. High temperatures are also associated with exacerbation of skin diseases and increased risk of heat stroke. They also act on abnormal weather phenomena caused by climate change, such as floods and forest fires. These events have been associated with acute exacerbations of skin injuries, skin infections, and inflammatory skin diseases.4 In addition, since the outbreak of COVID-19, various studies have been conducted on skin health for health promotion, healthy eating habits, and sustainable safety. [39-41] Global warming and consumers' desire for safe ingredients are shown in Table 2.

Author	Ninh Nguyen et al. (2016)	An R et al. (2018)	Lee et al. (2022)	Miguel et al. (2022)	So B, Kwon KH . (2023)
Title	Determinants influencing conservation behaviour: Perceptions of Vietnamese consumers	Global warming and obesity: a systematic review	Good ingredients from foods to vegan cosmetics after COVID-19 pandemic	The sharing economy in Europe: From idea to reality	Nutritional Approaches of the Changing Consumer after the Pandemic: Sustainable Potential of Phytoene and Phytofluene for Photoprotection and Skin Health
Discussion	It suggests that it has influenced consumer conservation behavior. The most influential determinants were PCE, ecological effectiveness, concern for the environment and moral obligations.	Population growth and industrialization affect land use and urbanization, motor transport and agricultural productivity, consequently global warming due to excessive greenhouse gas emissions, and the obesity epidemic due to nutrient shifts and physical inactivity. Accordingly, consumers have a need for safe ingredients to prevent obesity.	As environmental issues have grown since the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers' needs are focusing on vegan cosmetics with good ingredients and good cosmetics. They also prefer ingredients that are safe to eat.	Awareness of environmental issues is growing. As a result, consumers are looking for more sustainable, safer and more efficient ways to use products and services.	From the nutritional point of view of consumers, identifying sustainable endogenous nutrients for long-term healthy skin wants to graft onto the skin.
Journal name	J consumer behaviour	Obes Rev	J Cosmet Dermatol	In The sharing economy in Europe	Sustainability

Table 3 summarizes the research on heat resistance and skin healing potential of Hsian-Tsao (Mesona chinensis Benth.) extract.Studies on global warming have shown that it is caused by extreme temperatures and other stresses. This suggests that Hsps are important components of an organism's resistance mechanism. These proteins function as molecular chaperones that support the maintenance of cellular protein structures. Members of the Hsp70 family mitigate cellular damage in D. melanogaster under heat stress.[37] This fact has been recognized for more than two centuries. It has been shown that high levels of Hsp70 in Drosophila are due to high levels of thermotolerance. In addition to Hsp70, heat stress also increases lipid oxidation, which enhances ROS and induces oxidative stress within cells. Antioxidant enzymes, including CAT and SOD, are known to play an important role in protecting cells from the harmful effects of ROS. The synthesis of these enzymes may also be an important regulator of an animal's stress response, which is an endogenous oxidative defense system. Overexpression of SOD and CAT genes increase the lifespan of D. melanogaster. Therefore, the induction of Hsp70 and the production of antioxidant enzymes have been identified as potential regulatory factors that improve heat resistance under heat stress.[38]

 

Table 3. Heat resistance and skin healing potential of Hsian-Tsao (Mesona chinensis Benth.) extract

Author	Yen GC et al. (2000)	Lai LS et al. (2001)	Fan SL al. (2021)	Huang Y et al. (2022)
Title	Protective effect of extracts of Mesona procumbens Hemsl. on DNA damage in human lymphocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide and UV irradiation	Studies on the antioxidative activities of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl) leaf gum	Effects of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) extracts and its polysaccharides on the promotion of wound healing under diabetes-like conditions	Hsian-Tsao (Mesona chinensis Benth.) Extract Improves the Thermal Tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster
Discussion	WEHT can reduce DNA damage caused by UV-C, and WEHT has more protective effects against UV-C than DNA damage caused by H 2 O 2 .	The hsian-tsao leaf gum appears to be more effective at chelating Fe(2+) or scavenging superoxide radicals than it is at scavenging alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. In addition, superoxide radical scavenging and Fe(2+) chelating ability were superior to alpha-tocopherol and BHT.	Tissue of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) protein expression in the evaluation of the effect of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) and its polysaccharides on impaired wound healing in diabetes. Inhibitor control significantly improved woufond healing on the back skin.	indicating that lethal times for 50% of HTE-fed female flies were significantly longer than male flies at the same heat stress temperature. The survival time of females under high-temperature stress was significantly increased in the HTE-added group compared to the non-added group. Thermal curing by acute exposure to 36°C can significantly extend the lifespan of females.
Journal name	Food Chem Toxicol	J Agric Food Chem	Food Funct	Front Nutr

 

 

Therefore, based on the research result that Hsian-tsao (Mesona chinensis Benth.) extract improves the heat resistance of D. melanogaster, it has implications for the development of customized inner beauty and cosmetics.

 

[Added Discussions Section, 15 page 379~21 page 549 lines]

Main findings of this study

This systematic review is the first report to highlight the potential use of heat-tolerant xianchao plants as part of a green industry to combat global warming and skin. In the essential situation of green industry growth due to the acceleration of global warming, it will be emphasized and serve as a signal for further research on inner beauty materials and heat-resistant plants that lower the temperature in line with the future preparation for continuous global warming. This topic seems to bring more interest to the scientific community and the nutrition, inner beauty, and cosmetics industries in the future, and this trend will continue in the future.

Necessity of green industry according to the effect of greenhouse gas emission on human health

Fossil fuel economy, population growth and consequent industrialization worldwide will have to focus on green industries such as land use and urbanization and agricultural productivity. Therefore, studies have shown that obesity prevalence due to excessive greenhouse gas emissions and nutritional shifts have an impact on global warming. Obesity is emerging as a major health problem, and various studies are being conducted on it. These results suggest that physical inactivity and global warming will have a direct impact on obesity through food supply, price shocks, and adaptive thermogenesis. The obesity epidemic will also contribute to global warming due to increased energy consumption. Consumers therefore want to promote active lifestyles and policies that support the deployment of clean and sustainable energy sources along with green industries. Accordingly, it is judged that it will be necessary to develop new materials for inner beauty and cosmetics in line with human lifestyle and new consumption propensity according to global warming and green industry. [9-14,46]

Global Warming and Plant Cultivation

The relationship between global warming and plant cultivation can be summarized as follows. First, a vegetarian diet can reduce this environmental degradation and increase plant carbon uptake. [5,9] Second, it is to select and cultivate appropriate plants. Due to global warming, the flowering period and distribution of plants are changing. In line with this, it is necessary to grow suitable plants and develop varieties that can adapt to climate change. Third, it is necessary to develop new varieties that prevent human heat stress and use them in various ways. Heat-resistant plants are plants that adapt well to high temperatures and prevent photorespiration. Photorespiration reduces the photosynthetic efficiency of plants by releasing carbon dioxide in the presence of light. It also serves to lower heat stress in humans and animals. These plants are known to contain betaine, curcumin, and polyphenols, and various studies are being conducted. As seen in Table 4, various studies are being conducted on other heat-resistant parts and plants. [47-52]

Why Use Hsian-Tsao Plants Against Global Warming and Skin Health?

There are several plants such as Beet, Spinach, Wheat, Mushroom, Curcuma longa, and ginger mentioned above that have been popularized and recognized as existing heat-resistant plants, but research results are still insufficient and the need for research and development that has not been popularized has been confirmed. Its purpose is to achieve the growth of the green industry according to the development of remarkable new materials. Therefore, Seoncho, one of the heat-resistant plants, is not well known in Korea yet. It is a plant of the Lamiaceae family that grows in Taiwan, and its leaves are known as a product with good utilization enough to be used as a dessert. However, it has not been popularized yet, and it contains many polyphenols, so it is also involved in antioxidant function, and it is considered a plant that is important for skin health due to global warming. Accordingly, its potential as a material for inner beauty and cosmetics is highly evaluated. [15,16,18,19]

What is already known about this topic and what this study adds?

In previous reviews, several studies on Hsian-Tsao extract improving heat tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster and antioxidant activity of leaf gum were conducted. However, there are no previous studies investigating the development of sustainable inner beauty and nutricosmetic materials for healthy skin and beauty in preparation for global warming using Hsian-Tsao extract. Hsian-Tsao extract shows the potential for antioxidant function using polyphenols and skin health that can respond to global warming. Early evidence of these effects has recently been published. In addition, there has been no research yet on the possibility of future utilization of Hsian-Tsao extract, reflecting global warming and consumer needs for green industry. Therefore, based on the research result that Hsian-tsao (Mesona chinensis Benth.) extract improves the heat resistance of D. melanogaster, it has implications for the development of customized inner beauty and cosmetics. [15,16,18,19]

Limitations of this study

Although this study systematically increased the relevance of the study, it has some limitations. The systematic review work is based on algorithms that have been tested and recalibrated many times to obtain consistent, reliable and relevant scientific articles with key findings. However, despite this standardized analysis, it was recognized that there are three limitations. First, the small number of articles is a limitation. This was manifested in the absence of Hsian-Tsao's work, which was not yet publicly known. Second, it was determined that further research would be needed, especially since recent developments had not been identified as the subject of official scientific publications. Third, a systematic review was planned as a framework. Despite being used within the work, it was difficult to connect them due to the lack of research on green industry and skin health in global warming. For example, some factors related to inner beauty and cosmetics could not be clarified in the literature review because studies on green industry and heat resistance were all done. Therefore, additional research on heat resistance components due to global warming Additional studies on the skin relevance of the herbal ingredients and herbal ingredients should be continuously conducted.

 

6) Table 3. Suggest move the table to “Results”.

Response:

We greatly appreciate your comments. As you mentioned, Table 3 was moved to Results Section 3, the healing properties of Hsian-Tsao in response to heat-induced skin damage and moved along with explanations on it. Also, Table 3 has been modified to Table 2 to suit the location of the manuscript.

 

[Movement Results Section, 12 page 326~13 page 346 lines]

Table 2 summarizes the research on heat resistance and skin healing potential of Hsian-Tsao extract. Studies on global warming have shown that it is caused by extreme temperatures and other stresses. This suggests that Hsps are important components of an organism's resistance mechanism. These proteins function as molecular chaperones that support the maintenance of cellular protein structures. Members of the Hsp70 family mitigate cellular damage in D. melanogaster under heat stress.[32] This fact has been recognized for more than two centuries. It has been shown that high levels of Hsp70 in Drosophila are due to high levels of thermotolerance. In addition to Hsp70, heat stress also increases lipid oxidation, which enhances ROS and induces oxidative stress within cells. Antioxidant enzymes, including CAT and SOD, are known to play an important role in protecting cells from the harmful effects of ROS. The synthesis of these enzymes may also be an important regulator of an animal's stress response, which is an endogenous oxidative defense system. Overexpression of SOD and CAT genes increase the lifespan of D. Therefore, the induction of Hsp70 and the production of antioxidant enzymes have been summarized as potential regulatory factors that improve heat resistance under heat stress. [44]

Table 2. Heat resistance and skin healing potential of Hsian-Tsao extract

Author	Yen GC et al. (2000)	Lai LS et al. (2001)	Fan SL al. (2021)	Huang Y et al. (2022)
Title	Protective effect of extracts of Mesona procumbens Hemsl. on DNA damage in human lymphocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide and UV irradiation	Studies on the antioxidative activities of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl) leaf gum	Effects of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) extracts and its polysaccharides on the promotion of wound healing under diabetes-like conditions	Hsian-Tsao (Mesona chinensis Benth.) Extract Improves the Thermal Tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster
Discussion	WEHT can reduce DNA damage caused by UV-C, and WEHT has more protective effects against UV-C than DNA damage caused by H 2 O 2 .	The hsian-tsao leaf gum appears to be more effective at chelating Fe(2+) or scavenging superoxide radicals than it is at scavenging alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. In addition, superoxide radical scavenging and Fe(2+) chelating ability were superior to alpha-tocopherol and BHT.	Tissue of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) protein expression in the evaluation of the effect of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) and its polysaccharides on impaired wound healing in diabetes. Inhibitor control significantly improved wound healing on the back skin.	indicating that lethal times for 50% of HTE-fed female flies were significantly longer than male flies at the same heat stress temperature. The survival time of females under high-temperature stress was significantly increased in the HTE-added group compared to the non-added group. Thermal curing by acute exposure to 36°C can significantly extend the lifespan of females.
Journal name	Food Chem Toxicol	J Agric Food Chem	Food Funct	Front Nutr

 

 

7) Line 321 – 322. Using word “identify” suggests the article to be a research article, rather than a review article. Suggest change wording to “summarize” or “review”.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. As you mentioned, we have changed the word to "summarized" except for "identified" in lines 321 – 322. Also, We have amended the word "identify" to "Summary" or "Review" throughout our article.

[Deleted Discussions Section, 12 page 340~12 page 342 lines]

Therefore, the induction of Hsp70 and the production of antioxidant enzymes have been identified as potential regulatory factors that improve heat resistance under heat stress.[38]

 

[Added Discussions Section, 12 page 340~12 page 342 lines]

Therefore, the induction of Hsp70 and the production of antioxidant enzymes have been summarized as potential regulatory factors that improve heat resistance under heat stress.[44]

 

8) English language and especially the flow in writing can be improved.

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. Our draft was completed through native English speakers. Nevertheless, if there is something missing, we want to revise it again.

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 2 Report

Comments to authors

Title

The title is concise and informative but still needs improvement.

Keywords

Please add some strong key words

Abstract

Complete

Introduction

Complete

Materials and methods

This portion provided a sufficient detailed methodology followed.

Results and Discussion

Results are clear concise and well presented. Some grammatical mistakes are present that need improvement.

References 
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list. Follow the general guideline of the journal for references.

Comments for author File: Comments.pdf

Minor editing of English language required

Author Response

August 15th, 2023

 

Dear Editor-in-Chief, Sustainability:

 

We have carefully examined the reviewers’ comments on our manuscript submitted to Sustainability, entitled “Sustainable Countermeasures regarding Skin Health Improvement for Green Industrial Consumers: Focused on Utilization of Hsian-tsao in Global Warming”. All comments and suggestions were taken into consideration during in the preparation of the revised version of the paper. As recommended, we have expanded the manuscript to satisfy the reviewers’ suggestions. We are pleased to know that our paper has been reviewed positively. We find the reviewers’ comments are very constructive and we had made revisions in the text accordingly, as well as point-by-point replies to the reviewers’ questions as listed below.

We believe the comments and changes made to our manuscript satisfactorily address the concerns of the reviewers and that our manuscript is acceptable for publication in Sustainability. If you require further information, please contact me.

 

Ki Han Kwon, PhD, Professor

College of General Education

Kookmin University

Seoul 02707, Republic of KOREA

Email: [email protected]

 

 

Reviewer(s)' Comments to Author:

 

Reviewer: 2

 

Comments for editor

The manuscript entitled “Global warming and heat resistance of Hsian-tsao (Mesona 2 procumbens Hemsl.): Focusing on safe skin health of 3 consumers” has been reviewed. The question addressed by the original research work is relevant to the journal scope and is interesting. The paper is well written and the text is clear and easy to read. The conclusion is consistent with the evidence provided and well addressed the question. The paper includes figures that help to aid in a better understanding of the paper. However, there are some scientific mistakes and grammatical mistakes in the manuscript that need improvement to enhance the quality of the manuscript. Overall recommended as minor revision requested and after improving these comments the paper is recommended for publication in this journal.

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. We totally agree your invaluable comments. We have extensively revised and edited the Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Conclusions and References. Please kindly see our revised Track Changed RED ver. Draft and completed BLACK final version.

 

Comments to authors

• Title

The title is concise and informative but still needs improvement.

Response:

We greatly appreciate your comments. As you commented, we have revised our title as follows:

[Deleted Title]

Global warming and heat resistance of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.): Focusing on safe skin health of consumers

 

[Revised Title]

Sustainable Countermeasures regarding Skin Health Improvement for Green Industrial Consumers: Focused on Utilization of Hsian-tsao in Global Warming

 

2) Keywords

Please add some strong key words

Response: We sincerely appreciate your comments. Reflecting your opinion, the search was performed again by adding the keyword of 'green industry' to the keywords, and 7 irrelevant references were deleted to make the contents of the paper more impactful. Accordingly, a total of 1031 literatures were searched, and In the final stage, 52 references were finalized. We rearranged PRISMA and modified Figure 1 as follows. Additionally, some text has been deleted and corrected as references have changed.

 

[Deleted Abstract Section]

Although this review was a systematic review, the following sources were searched: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. Also, this is a narrative review, we searched various online health- and medicine-related databases using search term chains such as global warming, Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.), heat resistance, skin health, cosmetics, sustainable safety, consumers, customized cosmetics, and inner beauty according to the PRISMA flow chart guidelines.

 

[Added Abstract Section]

Although this review is a narrative review, we conducted a systematic review and searched sources such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar according to PRISMA flow chart guidelines. In addition, it was conducted using a chain of search words such as “global warming”, “green industry”, “Hsian-tsao”, “heat resistance”, “skin health”, “cosmetics”, and “consumer”. Accordingly, a total of 1031 literatures were searched, and 52 literatures were selected in the final stage.

 

[Deleted Keywords Section]

sustainable safety

 

[Added Keywords Section]

green industry

 

[Deleted Materials and Methods Section, 3 page 129~134 lines]

Although this review was a systematic review, the following sources were searched: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. Also, this is a narrative review, we searched various online health- and medicine-related databases using search term chains such as global warming, Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.), heat resistance, skin health, cosmetics, sustainable safety, consumers, customized cosmetics, and inner beauty according to the PRISMA flow chart guidelines.

 

[Added Materials and Methods Section, 3 page 134~145 lines]

 

Although this review was a narrative review, a systematic review was conducted by individually setting the relevant keywords according to the PRISMA flow chart guide-lines. The search method is as follows. We searched PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Re-searchGate, and Google Scholar and medical related databases. It was conducted using a chain of search terms such as “global warming”, “Hsian-tsao”, “heat resistance”, “skin health”, “cosmetics”, “green industry”, and “consumer”. Accordingly, a total of 1031 literatures were searched, and 52 literatures were selected in the final stage. It is reflected in 18 reviews and 34 papers among the final 52 papers and is shown in Figure 1 as PRISMA.

 

[Deleted Materials and Methods Section, 5 page 156 line]

OR 'sustainable safety'

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram

 

[Added Materials and Methods Section, 5 page 157 line]

OR ' green industry'

 

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram

 

[Deleted References Section, 23 page 634~659 lines]

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[Edited Final References Section, 24 page 715~834 lines]

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22. Roberts, J. Green consumers in the 1990s: Profile and implications for advertising. Journal of Business Re-search. 1996, 36(3): 217–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(95)00150-6
23. Kalafatis, S; Pollard, M; East, R; Tsogas, M. Green marketing and Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour: A cross-market examination. Journal of Consumer Marketing. 1999, 16(5): 441–460. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/07363769910289550/full/html
24. Weigel, R; Weigel, J. Environmental concern the development of a measure. Environment and Behaviour. 1978, 10(1): 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916578101001
25. Berger, I; Corbin RM. Perceived consumer effectiveness and faith in others as moderators of environmentally re-sponsible behaviours. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing. 1992, 11(2): 9–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/074391569201100208
26. Bansal, P. From issues to actions: the importance of individual concerns and organizational values in re-sponding to natural environmental issues. Organization Science. 2003,14(5): 510–527. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.14.5.510.16765
27. Haytko, D; Matulich, E. Green advertising and environmentally responsible consumer behaviour: linkages examined. Journal of Management and Marketing Research. 2008, 7(1): 2–11. https://www.academia.edu/8360180/Green_Advertising_and_Environmentally_Responsible_Consumer_Behaviors_Linkages_Examined
28. Kotler, P. Reinventing marketing to manage the environmental imperative. Journal of Marketing. 2011, 75(4): 132– 135. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.75.4.132
29. Eastwood, MA. Global warming and the laws of nature. QJM. 2021, 114(4):227–228. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa152.
30. Odonkor, ST; Sallar, AM. An assessment of public knowledge and potential health impacts of global warming in Ghana. Biomed Res Int. 2020,7804692. doi: 10.1155/2020/7804692.
31. Maibach, EW; Kreslake, JM; Roser-Renouf, C; Rosenthal, S; Feinberg, G; Leiserowitz, AA. Do Americans un-derstand that global warming is harmful to human health? Evidence from a national survey.Ann Glob Health.2015,81(3):396–409. doi: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.010.
32. Feder, ME; Hofmann, GE. Heat-shock proteins, molecular chaperones, and the stress response: evolutionary and ecological physiology. Annu Rev Physiol. 1999,61:243–82. 10.1146/annurev.physiol.61.1.243
33. Williams, ML. Global warming, heat-related illnesses, and the dermatologist. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2020, 7(1):70–84. doi: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.08.007.
34. Flores, PJ; Jansson, J. The role of consumer innovativeness and green perceptions on green innovation use: The case of shared e-bikes and e-scooters. Journal of Consumer Behaviour. 2021,20(6). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cb.1957
35. Nguyen, TH; Lobo, A; Nguyen, HL; Phan, TTH; Cao, TK. Determinants influencing conservation behaviour: Percep-tions of Vietnamese Consumers. Journal of Consumer Behaviour. 2016,15(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1594
36. Khandelwal, AR; Echanique, KA; St ,John M; Nathan, CA. Cutaneous Cancer Biology. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2021,54,259-269. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2020.11.002.
37. Ansary, TM; Hossain, MR; Kamiya, K; Komine, M; Ohtsuki, M. Inflammatory Molecules Associated with Ultra-violet Radiation-Mediated Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021,12;,22,3974. doi: 10.3390/ijms22083974.
38. Geisler, AN; Austin, E; Nguyen, J;Hamzavi, I; Jagdeo, J; Lim, HW. Visible light. Part II: Photoprotection against visible and ultraviolet light. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021,84,1233-1244. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.11.074.
39. Wennerås, C; Aranburu, A; Wass, L; Grankvist, A; Staffas, A; Soboli, A; Mårtensson, IL; Fogelstrand, L; Lewerin, C. Infection with Neoehrlichia mikurensis promotes the development of malignant B-cell lymphomas. Br J Haema-tol 2023 ,201,480-488. doi: 10.1111/bjh.18652.
40. Premmaneesakul, H; Sithisarankul, P. Toxic jellyfish in Thailand. Int Marit Health 2019,70,22-26.doi: 10.5603/IMH.2019.0004.
41. Milner, DA; Jr. Malaria Pathogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018,2;8,a025569. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025569.
42. Abdel-Moneim, AE; Shehata, AM; Khidr, RE; Paswan, VK; Ibrahim, NS; El-Ghoul, AA; Aldhumri, SA; Gabr, SA; Mesalam ,NM; Elbaz, AM; Elsayed, MA; Wakwak, MM; Ebeid,TA. Nutritional manipulation to combat heat stress in poultry - A comprehensive review. J Therm Biol. 2021, 98:102915. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102915.
43. Goel, A. Heat stress management in poultry. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2021,105(6):1136–1145. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13496.
44. Sørensen, JG; Kristensen, TN; Loeschcke, V. The evolutionary and ecological role of heat-shock proteins. Ecol Lett. 2003. 6:1025–37. 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00528.x
45. Xie,SP.Ocean warming pattern effect on global and regional climate change. agupubs. 2020,1(1): e2019AV000130. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019AV000130
46. An, R; Ji, M; Zhang, S. Global warming and obesity: A systematic review. Obes Rev. 2018,19(2):150–163. doi: 10.1111/obr.12624.
47. Willingham, BD; Ragland, TJ; Ormsbee, MJ. Betaine Supplementation May Improve Heat Tolerance: Potential Mechanisms in Humans. Nutrients 2020 ,25;12,2939. doi: 10.3390/nu12102939.
48. Lakhani, P; Kumar, P; Alhussien, MN; Lakhani, N; Grewal, S; Vats, A. Effect of betaine supplementation on growth performance, nutrient intake and expression of IGF-1 in Karan Fries heifers during thermal stress. Theri-ogenology 2020 , 15;142:433-440. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.10.021.
49. Mendoza, SM; Boyd, RD; Ferket, PR; van; Heugten, E. Effects of dietary supplementation of the osmolyte betaine on growing pig performance and serological and hematological indices during thermoneutral and heat-stressed conditions. J Anim Sci 2017,95,5040-5053. doi: 10.2527/jas2017.1905.
50. Chen, Y; Liu, X; Jiang, C; Liu, L; Ordovas, JM; Lai, CQ; Shen, L. Curcumin supplementation increases survival and lifespan in Drosophila under heat stress conditions. Biofactors, 2018 ,44,577-587. doi: 10.1002/biof.1454.
51. Sahin ,K; Orhan, C; Tuzcu, Z; Tuzcu, M; Sahin, N. Curcumin ameloriates heat stress via inhibition of oxidative stress and modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in quail. Food Chem Toxicol 2012 ,50,4035-41. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.029.
52. Kpomasse, CC; Oso, OM; Lawal, KO; Oke, OE. Juvenile growth, thermotolerance and gut histomorphology of broiler chickens fed Curcuma longa under hot-humid environments. Heliyon 2023,16,9,e13060. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13060.

 

[Added Introduction Section, 2 page 91~3page 111 lines]

Recently, the green industry has been emphasized according to the situation of the times. This is the production of goods that can increase the efficiency of energy and resources and improve the environment throughout economic activities such as economy, finance, construction, transportation, logistics, agriculture, forestry and fish-eries, and tourism. and all industries to achieve low carbon green growth through the provision of services. [10,11] It refers to policies prepared by heads of related central administrative agencies to realize a green economy by strengthening the soundness and competitiveness of the national economy and discovering and nurturing new green industries with great growth potential. To contribute to achieving low-carbon green growth by increasing plant consumption, more efforts should be made to expand heat-resistant plants and develop new materials as a countermeasure against global warming. The heat resistance of a plant refers to the ability of a plant to grow at a high temperature and is different depending on the species or growth condition. [12-14] Plant growth has an optimum temperature for growth depending on the species. In addition, it grows well at that temperature, but growth is suppressed or withered at a temperature higher than that. This is determined by the regulation of respiration and photosynthetic metabolism, which are important for plant growth. Plants that live in shaded areas in alpine regions cannot survive in high temperatures, and plants that live in areas with high temperatures, such as deserts, have relatively high heat resistance. Therefore, heat-resistant components that can be used to prepare for global warming in the face of environmental problems. [9]

 

[Added Materials and Methods Section, 6 page 177 line]

Global warming and green industry

 

3)Abstract

Complete

Introduction

Complete

Materials and methods

This portion provided a sufficient detailed methodology followed.

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments.

 

4)Results and Discussion

Results are clear concise and well presented. Some grammatical mistakes are present that need

improvement.

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. For some grammatical errors, the English has been completely corrected. In addition, as keywords were added, the result was expanded by additionally inserting this part into the result and discussion part.

[Added Results Section, 6 page 195~200 lines]

Environmental degradation is one of the most serious problems affecting our lives and the lives of future generations. Today, environmental destruction and sustainability are emerging as the biggest issues, and green industries are at the center of it. This may be the most serious problem we face. Awareness of all issues related to the green environment will continue to rise, and it has been confirmed that individuals cite environ-mental issues as a major issue. [12,13,20]

 

[Added Results Section, 6 page 210~215 lines]

As consumers recognize the seriousness of environmental problems, the industry is changing as well. There are more and more companies practicing green environment and green industry friendly practices, which have become a requirement. This is believed to be due to an increased desire to find and purchase services and products from these companies. [12,23]

 

[Added Discussions Section, 15 page 379~21 page 549 lines]

Main findings of this study

This systematic review is the first report to highlight the potential use of heat-tolerant xianchao plants as part of a green industry to combat global warming and skin. In the essential situation of green industry growth due to the acceleration of global warming, it will be emphasized and serve as a signal for further research on inner beauty materials and heat-resistant plants that lower the temperature in line with the future preparation for continuous global warming. This topic seems to bring more interest to the scientific community and the nutrition, inner beauty, and cosmetics industries in the future, and this trend will continue in the future.

Necessity of green industry according to the effect of greenhouse gas emission on human health

Fossil fuel economy, population growth and consequent industrialization worldwide will have to focus on green industries such as land use and urbanization and agricultural productivity. Therefore, studies have shown that obesity prevalence due to excessive greenhouse gas emissions and nutritional shifts have an impact on global warming. Obesity is emerging as a major health problem, and various studies are being conducted on it. These results suggest that physical inactivity and global warming will have a direct impact on obesity through food supply, price shocks, and adaptive thermogenesis. The obesity epidemic will also contribute to global warming due to increased energy consumption. Consumers therefore want to promote active lifestyles and policies that support the deployment of clean and sustainable energy sources along with green industries. Accordingly, it is judged that it will be necessary to develop new materials for inner beauty and cosmetics in line with human lifestyle and new consumption propensity according to global warming and green industry. [9-14,46]

Global Warming and Plant Cultivation

The relationship between global warming and plant cultivation can be summarized as follows. First, a vegetarian diet can reduce this environmental degradation and increase plant carbon uptake. [5,9] Second, it is to select and cultivate appropriate plants. Due to global warming, the flowering period and distribution of plants are changing. In line with this, it is necessary to grow suitable plants and develop varieties that can adapt to climate change. Third, it is necessary to develop new varieties that prevent human heat stress and use them in various ways. Heat-resistant plants are plants that adapt well to high temperatures and prevent photorespiration. Photorespiration reduces the photosynthetic efficiency of plants by releasing carbon dioxide in the presence of light. It also serves to lower heat stress in humans and animals. These plants are known to contain betaine, curcumin, and polyphenols, and various studies are being conducted. As seen in Table 4, various studies are being conducted on other heat-resistant parts and plants. [47-52]

Why Use Hsian-Tsao Plants Against Global Warming and Skin Health?

There are several plants such as Beet, Spinach, Wheat, Mushroom, Curcuma longa, and ginger mentioned above that have been popularized and recognized as existing heat-resistant plants, but research results are still insufficient and the need for research and development that has not been popularized has been confirmed. Its purpose is to achieve the growth of the green industry according to the development of remarkable new materials. Therefore, Seoncho, one of the heat-resistant plants, is not well known in Korea yet. It is a plant of the Lamiaceae family that grows in Taiwan, and its leaves are known as a product with good utilization enough to be used as a dessert. However, it has not been popularized yet, and it contains many polyphenols, so it is also involved in antioxidant function, and it is considered a plant that is important for skin health due to global warming. Accordingly, its potential as a material for inner beauty and cosmetics is highly evaluated. [15,16,18,19]

What is already known about this topic and what this study adds?

In previous reviews, several studies on Hsian-Tsao extract improving heat tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster and antioxidant activity of leaf gum were conducted. However, there are no previous studies investigating the development of sustainable inner beauty and nutricosmetic materials for healthy skin and beauty in preparation for global warming using Hsian-Tsao extract. Hsian-Tsao extract shows the potential for antioxidant function using polyphenols and skin health that can respond to global warming. Early evidence of these effects has recently been published. In addition, there has been no research yet on the possibility of future utilization of Hsian-Tsao extract, reflecting global warming and consumer needs for green industry. Therefore, based on the research result that Hsian-tsao (Mesona chinensis Benth.) extract improves the heat resistance of D. melanogaster, it has implications for the development of customized inner beauty and cosmetics. [15,16,18,19]

Limitations of this study

Although this study systematically increased the relevance of the study, it has some limitations. The systematic review work is based on algorithms that have been tested and recalibrated many times to obtain consistent, reliable and relevant scientific articles with key findings. However, despite this standardized analysis, it was recognized that there are three limitations. First, the small number of articles is a limitation. This was manifested in the absence of Hsian-Tsao's work, which was not yet publicly known. Second, it was determined that further research would be needed, especially since recent developments had not been identified as the subject of official scientific publications. Third, a systematic review was planned as a framework. Despite being used within the work, it was difficult to connect them due to the lack of research on green industry and skin health in global warming. For example, some factors related to inner beauty and cosmetics could not be clarified in the literature review because studies on green industry and heat resistance were all done. Therefore, additional research on heat resistance components due to global warming Additional studies on the skin relevance of the herbal ingredients and herbal ingredients should be continuously conducted.

 

5)References

Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list. Follow the

general guideline of the journal for references.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. All references cited in the text have been reference list checked and fully revised to reflect the journal's general guidelines for references.

[Deleted References Section, 23 page 625~24 page 712 lines]

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28. Abdel-Moneim AE, Shehata AM, Khidr RE, Paswan VK, Ibrahim NS, El-Ghoul AA, Aldhumri SA, Gabr SA, Mesalam NM, Elbaz AM, Elsayed MA, Wakwak MM, Ebeid TA. 2021. Nutritional manipulation to combat heat stress in poultry - A comprehensive review. J Therm Biol. 98:102915. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102915.
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35. Odonkor ST, Sallar AM. 2020. An assessment of public knowledge and potential health impacts of global warming in Ghana. Biomed Res Int. 7804692. doi: 10.1155/2020/7804692.
36. Maibach EW, Kreslake JM, Roser-Renouf C, Rosenthal S, Feinberg G, Leiserowitz AA.2015. Do Americans understand that global warming is harmful to human health? Evidence from a national survey. Ann Glob Health. 81(3):396–409. doi: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.010.
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5. Lee, J; Kwon, KH. Why is generation MZ passionate about good consumption of K-cosmetics amid the COVID-19 pandemic? J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022, 10.1111/jocd.14859
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16. Fan, SL; Lin, JA; Chen, SY; Lin, JH; Lin, HT; Chen, YY; Yen, GC. Effects of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) extracts and its polysaccharides on the promotion of wound healing under diabetes-like conditions. Food Funct. 2021,12(1):119–132. doi: 10.1039/d0fo02180f.
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Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 3 Report

This review is not discussing the use and importance of the studied species. It rather discusses in details the global warming effects. The introduction occupies 3/4 of the review and many texts are repetitive. Through reading it several times, I cannot reach what the authors want to deliver/say. The effect of the plant is not discussed, the applicability, and the side effects also not covered. Why specifically this plant?. The title is not expressing what is inside as well. So, I recommend its rejection. 

Moderate editing of English language required

Author Response

August 15th, 2023

 

Dear Editor-in-Chief, Sustainability:

 

We have carefully examined the reviewers’ comments on our manuscript submitted to Sustainability, entitled “Sustainable Countermeasures regarding Skin Health Improvement for Green Industrial Consumers: Focused on Utilization of Hsian-tsao in Global Warming”. All comments and suggestions were taken into consideration during in the preparation of the revised version of the paper. As recommended, we have expanded the manuscript to satisfy the reviewers’ suggestions. We are pleased to know that our paper has been reviewed positively. We find the reviewers’ comments are very constructive and we had made revisions in the text accordingly, as well as point-by-point replies to the reviewers’ questions as listed below.

We believe the comments and changes made to our manuscript satisfactorily address the concerns of the reviewers and that our manuscript is acceptable for publication in Sustainability. If you require further information, please contact me.

 

Ki Han Kwon, PhD, Professor

College of General Education

Kookmin University

Seoul 02707, Republic of KOREA

Email: [email protected]

 

 

Reviewer(s)' Comments to Author:

 

Reviewer: 3

Comments:

1) This review is not discussing the use and importance of the studied species.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. This review has been rewritten in the introduction and discussion sessions to address and emphasize the use and importance of the species studied. We beg you to give me another chance.

 

[Added Introduction Section, 3 page 87~93 lines]

Accordingly, we tried to find out about plants that lower heat and heat-resistant plants. Seoncho, which is one of the heat-resistant plants and heat-lowering plants, is not well known in Korea. It is a perennial plant (Mesona procumbens) of the Lamiaceae family that grows in Taiwan. In Chinese characters, it is Seoncho (仙草). The leaves are exracted with alkali to obtain the gum (ionic heteroglycans) used to make the dessert. The leaves are sun-dried to make xianchao tea. Leaf extracts have been reported to have antioxidant and antimutagenic properties. [15,16,18] Revitalization of green development and agriculture will be a major task to solve climate change and environmental pollution. [19]

 

[Added Discussions Section, 17 page 433~ 446 lines]

Global Warming and Plant Cultivation

The relationship between global warming and plant cultivation can be summarized as follows. First, a vegetarian diet can reduce this environmental degradation and increase plant carbon uptake.[5,9] Second, it is to select and cultivate appropriate plants. Due to global warming, the flowering period and distribution of plants are changing. In line with this, it is necessary to grow suitable plants and develop varieties that can adapt to climate change. Third, it is necessary to develop new varieties that prevent human heat stress and use them in various ways. Heat-resistant plants are plants that adapt well to high temperatures and prevent photorespiration. Photorespiration reduces the photosynthetic efficiency of plants by releasing carbon dioxide in the presence of light. It also serves to lower heat stress in humans and animals. These plants are known to contain betaine, curcumin, and polyphenols, and various studies are being conducted.As can be seen in Table 4, various studies are being conducted on other heat-resistant parts and plants. [47-52]

 

2) It rather discusses in details the global warming effects. The introduction occupies 3/4 of the review and many texts are repetitive. Through reading it several times, I cannot reach what the authors want to deliver/say.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. In the introduction session, the content on the impact of global warming was deleted and rewritten to form a new structure.

 

[Deleted Introduction Section, 2 page 50~90 lines]

CO2 measurements were made due to the burning of fossil fuels and the loss of natural CO2 sinks.

It is also a homeostatic feedback control system that ensures that core body temperature is maintained within narrow limits despite activity-related elevations in metabolic heat production.

Absolute heat loss is identified due to a cumulative imbalance between heat production and heat dissipation during exposure to heat. This results in body temperature being stored as well as changes in core body temperature.

Also, awareness of economic downturn and environmental problems is increasing worldwide. As a result, consumers are looking for ways to use products and services more sustainably, safely, and efficiently.[5] As concerns about climate change increase, the perception of young generations is changing. Consumption cooperation has been prominent among Generation Z consumers in parallel with the emergence of sharing platforms.[6]

Therefore, heat-resistant components that can be used to prepare for global warming in the face of environmental problems. [7,8]

 

[Added Introduction Section, 2 page 93~122 lines]

Recently, the green industry has been emphasized according to the situation of the times. This is the production of goods that can increase the efficiency of energy and resources and improve the environment throughout economic activities such as economy, finance, construction, transportation, logistics, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, and tourism. and all industries to achieve low carbon green growth through the provision of services. [10,11] It refers to policies prepared by heads of related central administrative agencies to realize a green economy by strengthening the soundness and competitiveness of the national economy and discovering and nurturing new green industries with great growth potential. To contribute to achieving low-carbon green growth by increasing plant consumption, more efforts should be made to expand heat-resistant plants and develop new materials as a countermeasure against global warming. The heat resistance of a plant refers to the ability of a plant to grow at a high temperature and is different depending on the species or growth condition. [12-14] Plant growth has an optimum temperature for growth depending on the species. In addition, it grows well at that temperature, but growth is suppressed or withered at a temperature higher than that. This is determined by the regulation of respiration and photosynthetic metabolism, which are important for plant growth. Plants that live in shaded areas in alpine regions cannot survive in high temperatures, and plants that live in areas with high temperatures, such as deserts, have relatively high heat resistance. Therefore, heat-resistant components that can be used to prepare for global warming in the face of environmental problems. [9]

Accordingly, we tried to find out about plants that lower heat and heat-resistant plants. Seoncho, which is one of the heat-resistant plants and heat-lowering plants, is not well known in Korea. It is a perennial plant (Mesona procumbens) of the Lamiaceae family that grows in Taiwan. In Chinese characters, it is Seoncho (仙草). The leaves are ex-tracted with alkali to obtain the gum (ionic heteroglycans) used to make the dessert. The leaves are sun-dried to make xianchao tea. Leaf extracts have been reported to have antioxidant and antimutagenic properties. [15,16,18] Revitalization of green development and agriculture will be a major task to solve climate change and environmental pollution. [19]

 

3) The effect of the plant is not discussed, the applicability, and the side effects also not covered.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. Based on the contents you mentioned, we have emphasized the contents that can support this in the conclusion part as Tables 2 and 4. In addition, in the discussion section, the limitations of this study were acknowledged and the need for additional research on the applicability and side effects of plants was mentioned.

 

[Added Results Section, 11 page 293~12 page 342 lines]

3.3. Healing properties of Hsian-Tsao in response to heat-induced skin damage

Table 2 summarizes the research on heat resistance and skin healing potential of Hsian-Tsao extract. Studies on global warming have shown that it is caused by extreme temperatures and other stresses. This suggests that Hsps are important components of an organism's resistance mechanism. These proteins function as molecular chaperones that support the maintenance of cellular protein structures. Members of the Hsp70 family mitigate cellular damage in D. melanogaster under heat stress. [32] This fact has been recognized for more than two centuries. It has been shown that high levels of Hsp70 in Drosophila are due to high levels of thermotolerance. In addition to Hsp70, heat stress also increases lipid oxidation, which enhances ROS and induces oxidative stress within cells. Antioxidant enzymes, including CAT and SOD, are known to play an important role in protecting cells from the harmful effects of ROS. The synthesis of these enzymes may also be an important regulator of an animal's stress response, which is an endogenous oxidative defense system. Overexpression of SOD and CAT genes increase the lifespan of D. Therefore, the induction of Hsp70 and the production of antioxidant enzymes have been summarized as potential regulatory factors that improve heat resistance under heat stress. [44]

Table 2. Heat resistance and skin healing potential of Hsian-Tsao extract

Author	Yen GC et al. (2000)	Lai LS et al. (2001)	Fan SL al. (2021)	Huang Y et al. (2022)
Title	Protective effect of extracts of Mesona procumbens Hemsl. on DNA damage in human lymphocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide and UV irradiation	Studies on the antioxidative activities of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl) leaf gum	Effects of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) extracts and its polysaccharides on the promotion of wound healing under diabetes-like conditions	Hsian-Tsao (Mesona chinensis Benth.) Extract Improves the Thermal Tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster
Discussion	WEHT can reduce DNA damage caused by UV-C, and WEHT has more protective effects against UV-C than DNA damage caused by H 2 O 2 .	The hsian-tsao leaf gum appears to be more effective at chelating Fe(2+) or scavenging superoxide radicals than it is at scavenging alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. In addition, superoxide radical scavenging and Fe(2+) chelating ability were superior to alpha-tocopherol and BHT.	Tissue of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) protein expression in the evaluation of the effect of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) and its polysaccharides on impaired wound healing in diabetes. Inhibitor control significantly improved wound healing on the back skin.	indicating that lethal times for 50% of HTE-fed female flies were significantly longer than male flies at the same heat stress temperature. The survival time of females under high-temperature stress was significantly increased in the HTE-added group compared to the non-added group. Thermal curing by acute exposure to 36°C can significantly extend the lifespan of females.
Journal name	Food Chem Toxicol	J Agric Food Chem	Food Funct	Front Nutr

 

 

[Added Results Section, 14 page 373~15 page 377 lines]

Inner beauty and heat-resistant plants that can be applied cosmetically are also being studied in various ways as follows.Other heat-resistant ingredients and plants are summarized in Table 4.[47-52]

Table 4. heat-resistant ingredients and plants

ingredient	representative plant	Title	Discussion	Author&	Journal name
Betaine	Beet, Spinach, Wheat, Mushroom	Effects of dietary supplementation of the osmolyte betaine on growing pig performance and serological and hematological indices during thermoneutral and heat-stressed conditions	Heat stress reduced growth, disturbed ion balance, and increased markers of muscle damage. Betaine had a minor impact on alleviating heat stress except for early days of heat exposure. The beneficial effect of betaine was diminished by pig adaptation.	Mendoza SM et al.(2017)	J Anim Sci
		Effect of betaine supplementation on growth performance, nutrient intake and expression of IGF-1 in Karan Fries heifers during thermal stress	Heat stress hampers nutrient utilisation and production of animals, and dietary betaine supplementation can mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress on animals and improve their productivity.	Lakhani P et al.(2020)	Theriogenology
		Betaine Supplementation May Improve Heat Tolerance: Potential Mechanisms in Humans	Betaine has been demonstrated to increase tolerance to hypertonic and thermal stressors. At the cellular level, intracellular betaine functions like molecular chaperones, thereby reducing the need for inducible heat shock protein expression.	Willingham BD et al.(2022)	Nutrients
Curcumin	Curcuma longa, ginger	Curcumin ameloriates heat stress via inhibition of oxidative stress and modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in quail	Curcumin, a natural polyphenol in the turmeric spice, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the mechanism of action of curcumin to alleviate oxidative stress in quail subjected to high temperature stress was identified.	Sahin K et al.(2012)	Food Chem Toxicol
		Curcumin supplementation increases survival and lifespan in Drosophila under heat stress conditions	demonstrated that curcumin (CUR) supplementation increased the survival of turtles under heat stress (HS).	Chen Y et al.(2017)	Biofactors
		Juvenile growth, thermotolerance and gut histomorphology of broiler chickens fed Curcuma longa under hot-humid environments	Dietary supplementation of Curcuma longa powder, especially at 8 g/kg diet, improved intestinal morphology in broilers in hot and humid environments, resulting in improved antioxidant status, thermotolerance and nutrient absorption.	Kpomasse CC  et al.(2023)	Heliyon

 

[Added Discussions Section, 21 page 531~ 547 lines]

Limitations of this study

Although this study systematically increased the relevance of the study, it has several limitations. The systematic review work is based on an algorithm that has been tested and recalibrated many times to obtain consistent, reliable, and relevant scientific articles with key findings. However, despite this standardized analysis, it was recognized that there are three limitations. First, the small number of articles is a limitation. This was manifested in the fact that none of Hsian-Tsao's work was yet to be published. Second, it was decided that further research was warranted, especially since the recent development had not been confirmed as the subject of any official scientific publication. Third, a systematic review was planned as a framework. Despite its use within the workplace, it was difficult to connect due to the lack of research on skin health and green industries following global warming. In addition, studies on the applicability and side effects of Hsian-Tsao were lacking. For example, some factors related to inner beauty and cosmetics could not be clarified in the literature review because studies on both green industry and heat resistance were done. Therefore, additional studies on heat-resistant ingredients due to global warming should be continuously conducted on herbal ingredients and their relevance to the skin.

 

4)Why specifically this plant?.

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. In addition, the contents were added to the discussion part and considered.

[Added Discussions Section, 17 page 433~ 446 lines, 17 page 448~ 460 lines, 17 page 462~ 474 lines]

Global Warming and Plant Cultivation

The relationship between global warming and plant cultivation can be summarized as follows. First, a vegetarian diet can reduce this environmental degradation and increase plant carbon uptake.[5,9] Second, it is to select and cultivate appropriate plants. Due to global warming, the flowering period and distribution of plants are changing. In line with this, it is necessary to grow suitable plants and develop varieties that can adapt to climate change. Third, it is necessary to develop new varieties that prevent human heat stress and use them in various ways. Heat-resistant plants are plants that adapt well to high temperatures and prevent photorespiration. Photorespiration reduces the photosynthetic efficiency of plants by releasing carbon dioxide in the presence of light. It also serves to lower heat stress in humans and animals. These plants are known to contain betaine, curcumin, and polyphenols, and various studies are being conducted.As can be seen in Table 4, various studies are being conducted on other heat-resistant parts and plants. [47-52]

 

Why Use Hsian-Tsao Plants Against Global Warming and Skin Health?

There are several plants such as Beet, Spinach, Wheat, Mushroom, Curcuma longa, and ginger mentioned above that have been popularized and recognized as existing heat-resistant plants, but research results are still insufficient and the need for research and development that has not been popularized has been confirmed. Its purpose is to achieve the growth of the green industry according to the development of remarkable new materials. Therefore, Seoncho, one of the heat-resistant plants, is not well known in Korea yet. It is a plant of the Lamiaceae family that grows in Taiwan, and its leaves are known as a product with good utilization enough to be used as a dessert. However, it has not been popularized yet, and it contains many polyphenols, so it is also involved in antioxidant function, and it is considered a plant that is important for skin health due to global warming. Accordingly, its potential as a material for inner beauty and cosmetics is highly evaluated. [15,16,18,19]

 

What is already known about this topic and what this study adds?

In previous reviews, studies on Hsian-Tsao extract improving heat tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster and antioxidant activity of leaf gum were conducted. However, there are no previous studies investigating the development of sustainable inner beauty and cosmetic materials for healthy skin and beauty in preparation for global warming using Hsian-Tsao extract. Hsian-Tsao extract shows the potential for antioxidant function using polyphenols and skin health that can respond to global warming. Early evidence of these effects has recently been published. In addition, there has been no research yet on the possibility of future utilization of Hsian-Tsao extract, reflecting global warming and consumer needs for green industry. Therefore, based on the research result that Hsian-tsao (Mesona chinensis Benth.) extract improves the heat resistance of D. melanogaster, it has implications for the development of customized inner beauty and cosmetics. [15,16,18,19]

 

5) The title is not expressing what is inside as well. So, I recommend its rejection.

 

Response: We greatly appreciate your comments. As you commented, the title was modified as follows, and the keyword 'green industry' was added to the new keyword to readjust the contents of the thesis in an impactful way. has been deleted. Accordingly, a total of 1031 documents were searched, and 52 documents were confirmed in the final stage. PRISMA was rearranged and Fig. 1 was modified as follows. Also, the text has been deleted and corrected throughout as the references have changed. Nevertheless, if there is something missing, I want to revise it again. I hope to give you another chance.

[Deleted Title]

Global warming and heat resistance of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.): Focusing on safe skin health of consumers

 

[Revised Title]

Sustainable Countermeasures regarding Skin Health Improvement for Green Industrial Consumers: Focused on Utilization of Hsian-tsao in Global Warming

 

[Deleted Abstract Section, 1 page 20~24 lines]

Although this review was a systematic review, the following sources were searched: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. Also, this is a narrative review, we searched various online health- and medicine-related databases using search term chains such as global warming, Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.), heat resistance, skin health, cosmetics, sustainable safety, consumers, customized cosmetics, and inner beauty according to the PRISMA flow chart guidelines.

 

[Added Abstract Section, 1 page 24~29 lines]

Although this review is a narrative review, we conducted a systematic review and searched sources such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar according to PRISMA flow chart guidelines. In addition, it was conducted using a chain of search words such as “global warming”, “green industry”, “Hsian-tsao”, “heat resistance”, “skin health”, “cosmetics”, and “consumer”. Accordingly, a total of 1031 literatures were searched, and 52 literatures were selected in the final stage.

 

[Deleted Keywords Section]

sustainable safety

 

[Added Keywords Section]

green industry

 

[Deleted Materials and Methods Section, 3 page 129~134 lines]

Although this review was a systematic review, the following sources were searched: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. Also, this is a narrative review, we searched various online health- and medicine-related databases using search term chains such as global warming, Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.), heat resistance, skin health, cosmetics, sustainable safety, consumers, customized cosmetics, and inner beauty according to the PRISMA flow chart guidelines.

 

[Added Materials and Methods Section, 3 page 134~145 lines]

Although this review was a narrative review, a systematic review was conducted by individually setting the relevant keywords according to the PRISMA flow chart guidelines. The search method is as follows. We searched PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar and medical related databases. It was conducted using a chain of search terms such as “global warming”, “Hsian-tsao”, “heat resistance”, “skin health”, “cosmetics”, “green industry”, and “consumer”. Accordingly, a total of 1031 literatures were searched, and 52 literatures were selected in the final stage. It is reflected in 18 reviews and 34 papers among the final 52 papers and is shown in Figure 1 as PRISMA.

 

[Deleted Materials and Methods Section, 5 page 156 line]

OR 'sustainable safety'

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram

 

[Added Materials and Methods Section, 5 page 157 line]

OR ' green industry'

 

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram

 

 

[Deleted References Section, 23 page 634~659 lines]

5. Miguel C, Avram G, Klimczuk A, Simonovits B, Balázs B, Česnuitytė,V. 2022. The sharing economy in Europe: From idea to reality. In The Sharing Economy in Europe (pp. 3– 18). Palgrave Macmillan.
6. Aktan M, Kethüda Ö. 2023. The role of environmental literacy, psychological distance of climate change, and collectivism on generation Z's collaborative consumption tendency. Journal of Consumer Behaviour. Early View
7. Park J, Lee JH, Kim YJ, Song YW. 2020. A descriptive study on the brief development history of K-beauty and its future directions. J Distrib Logist. 7(1): 73–92.
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[Added Results Section, 6 page 192~8page 253 lines]

3.1. Changes in consumer needs due to accelerating global warming

Environmental degradation is one of the most serious problems affecting our lives and the lives of future generations. Today, environmental destruction and sustainability are emerging as the biggest issues, and green industries are at the center of it. This may be the most serious problem we face. Awareness of all issues related to the green environment will continue to rise, and it has been confirmed that individuals cite environ-mental issues as a major issue. [12,13,20]

People all over the world are taking environmental destruction very seriously. Due to this phenomenon, awareness of green industries is emerging along with consumption patterns. [10,19]

As consumers recognize the seriousness of environmental problems, the industry is changing as well. There are more and more companies practicing green environment and green industry friendly practices, which have become a requirement. This is be-lieved to be due to an increased desire to find and purchase services and products from these companies. [12,23]

A study on the assessment of public knowledge and potential health impacts of global warming in Ghana surveyed Ghanaian adults (N = 1130) from November 1, 2018, to February 28, 2019, and found that the same result was obtained. Approximately 84.4% of the respondents understood the meaning of global warming. The causes of global warming recognized by the respondents were as follows: a natural process, deforestation, God's will, and fossil fuel burning and CO2. Furthermore, 83.4% of respondents answered that global warming affects human health, while only 8.5% said that it does not. Approximately 78.6% answered that they support efforts to reduce the intensity of global warming. These results confirm useful insights for policy direction. Accordingly, communication strategies to increase and maintain public awareness and education of citizens on global warming are needed. Research has confirmed that it will be necessary. [30] Research has also shown that global warming has serious negative effects on human health which is at great risk worldwide. Most Americans reported a general perception that global warming could be detrimental to health. However, relatively few people understood the types of damage global warming would cause or who would be most likely to be affected. [31] An increase in temperature due to global warming causes disturbances of skin microorganisms. This affects atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, and psoriasis. High temperatures are also associated with exacerbation of skin diseases and increased risk of heat stroke. They also act on abnormal weather phenomena caused by climate change, such as floods and forest fires. These events have been associated with acute exacerbations of skin injuries, skin infections, and inflammatory skin diseases.4 In addition, since the outbreak of COVID-19, various studies have been conducted on skin health for health promotion, healthy eating habits, and sustainable safety. [6-8] Global warming and consumers' desire for safe ingredients are shown in Table 1.

 

Table 1. Global Warming and Consumers' desire for safe ingredients

Author	Ninh Nguyen et al. (2016)	An R et al. (2018)	Lee et al. (2022)	Miguel et al. (2022)	So B, Kwon KH . (2023)
Title	Determinants influencing conservation behaviour: Perceptions of Vietnamese consumers	Global warming and obesity: a systematic review	Good ingredients from foods to vegan cosmetics after COVID-19 pandemic	The sharing economy in Europe: From idea to reality	Nutritional Approaches of the Changing Consumer after the Pandemic: Sustainable Potential of Phytoene and Phytofluene for Photoprotection and Skin Health
Discussion	It suggests that it has influenced consumer conservation behavior. The most influential determinants were PCE, ecological effectiveness, concern for the environment and moral obligations.	Population growth and industrialization affect land use and urbanization, motor transport and agricultural productivity, consequently global warming due to excessive greenhouse gas emissions, and the obesity epidemic due to nutrient shifts and physical inactivity. Accordingly, consumers have a need for safe ingredients to prevent obesity.	As environmental issues have grown since the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers' needs are focusing on vegan cosmetics with good ingredients and good cosmetics.	Awareness of environmental issues is growing. As a result, consumers are looking for more sustainable, safer and more efficient ways to use products and services.	From the nutritional point of view of consumers, identifying sustainable endogenous nutrients for long-term healthy skin wants to graft onto the skin.
Journal name	J consumer behaviour	Obes Rev	J Cosmet Dermatol	In The sharing economy in Europe	Sustainability

 

[Deleted Results Section, 10 page 292~294 lines]

3.3.Corrigendum: heat resistance and skin healing of Hsian-Tsao (Mesona chinensis Benth.) extract

 

[Added Results Section, 11 page 293~12 page 342 lines]

v

3.3. Healing properties of Hsian-Tsao in response to heat-induced skin damage

Table 2 summarizes the research on heat resistance and skin healing potential of Hsian-Tsao extract. Studies on global warming have shown that it is caused by extreme temperatures and other stresses. This suggests that Hsps are important components of an organism's resistance mechanism. These proteins function as molecular chaperones that support the maintenance of cellular protein structures. Members of the Hsp70 family mitigate cellular damage in D. melanogaster under heat stress. [32] This fact has been recognized for more than two centuries. It has been shown that high levels of Hsp70 in Drosophila are due to high levels of thermotolerance. In addition to Hsp70, heat stress also increases lipid oxidation, which enhances ROS and induces oxidative stress within cells. Antioxidant enzymes, including CAT and SOD, are known to play an important role in protecting cells from the harmful effects of ROS. The synthesis of these enzymes may also be an important regulator of an animal's stress response, which is an endogenous oxidative defense system. Overexpression of SOD and CAT genes increase the lifespan of D. Therefore, the induction of Hsp70 and the production of antioxidant enzymes have been summarized as potential regulatory factors that improve heat resistance under heat stress. [44]

Table 2. Heat resistance and skin healing potential of Hsian-Tsao extract

Author	Yen GC et al. (2000)	Lai LS et al. (2001)	Fan SL al. (2021)	Huang Y et al. (2022)
Title	Protective effect of extracts of Mesona procumbens Hemsl. on DNA damage in human lymphocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide and UV irradiation	Studies on the antioxidative activities of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl) leaf gum	Effects of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) extracts and its polysaccharides on the promotion of wound healing under diabetes-like conditions	Hsian-Tsao (Mesona chinensis Benth.) Extract Improves the Thermal Tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster
Discussion	WEHT can reduce DNA damage caused by UV-C, and WEHT has more protective effects against UV-C than DNA damage caused by H 2 O 2 .	The hsian-tsao leaf gum appears to be more effective at chelating Fe(2+) or scavenging superoxide radicals than it is at scavenging alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. In addition, superoxide radical scavenging and Fe(2+) chelating ability were superior to alpha-tocopherol and BHT.	Tissue of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) protein expression in the evaluation of the effect of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) and its polysaccharides on impaired wound healing in diabetes. Inhibitor control significantly improved wound healing on the back skin.	indicating that lethal times for 50% of HTE-fed female flies were significantly longer than male flies at the same heat stress temperature. The survival time of females under high-temperature stress was significantly increased in the HTE-added group compared to the non-added group. Thermal curing by acute exposure to 36°C can significantly extend the lifespan of females.
Journal name	Food Chem Toxicol	J Agric Food Chem	Food Funct	Front Nutr

 

[Added Results Section, 14 page 373~15 page 377 lines]

Inner beauty and heat-resistant plants that can be applied cosmetically are also being studied in various ways as follows.Other heat-resistant ingredients and plants are summarized in Table 4.[47-52]

 

Table 4. heat-resistant ingredients and plants

ingredient	representative plant	Title	Discussion	Author&	Journal name
Betaine	Beet, Spinach, Wheat, Mushroom	Effects of dietary supplementation of the osmolyte betaine on growing pig performance and serological and hematological indices during thermoneutral and heat-stressed conditions	Heat stress reduced growth, disturbed ion balance, and increased markers of muscle damage. Betaine had a minor impact on alleviating heat stress except for early days of heat exposure. The beneficial effect of betaine was diminished by pig adaptation.	Mendoza SM et al.(2017)	J Anim Sci
		Effect of betaine supplementation on growth performance, nutrient intake and expression of IGF-1 in Karan Fries heifers during thermal stress	Heat stress hampers nutrient utilisation and production of animals, and dietary betaine supplementation can mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress on animals and improve their productivity.	Lakhani P et al.(2020)	Theriogenology
		Betaine Supplementation May Improve Heat Tolerance: Potential Mechanisms in Humans	Betaine has been demonstrated to increase tolerance to hypertonic and thermal stressors. At the cellular level, intracellular betaine functions like molecular chaperones, thereby reducing the need for inducible heat shock protein expression.	Willingham BD et al.(2022)	Nutrients
Curcumin	Curcuma longa, ginger	Curcumin ameloriates heat stress via inhibition of oxidative stress and modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in quail	Curcumin, a natural polyphenol in the turmeric spice, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the mechanism of action of curcumin to alleviate oxidative stress in quail subjected to high temperature stress was identified.	Sahin K et al.(2012)	Food Chem Toxicol
		Curcumin supplementation increases survival and lifespan in Drosophila under heat stress conditions	demonstrated that curcumin (CUR) supplementation increased the survival of turtles under heat stress (HS).	Chen Y et al.(2017)	Biofactors
		Juvenile growth, thermotolerance and gut histomorphology of broiler chickens fed Curcuma longa under hot-humid environments	Dietary supplementation of Curcuma longa powder, especially at 8 g/kg diet, improved intestinal morphology in broilers in hot and humid environments, resulting in improved antioxidant status, thermotolerance and nutrient absorption.	Kpomasse CC  et al.(2023)	Heliyon

 

 

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