Evaluation of Green and Low-Carbon Development Level of Chinese Provinces Based on Sustainable Development Goals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method and Data
2.1. Measurement System
2.2. Method
2.2.1. Thresholds for Indicators
2.2.2. Data Standardization
2.2.3. The Weights of Indicators
2.2.4. The Index of Green and Low-Carbon Development
2.2.5. Data Sources
2.3. Coupling Coordination Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Assessment of Overall Green and Low-Carbon Development Levels in China’s Provincial Areas
3.2. Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Green and Low-Carbon Development Levels
3.3. Coupling Coordination Results
4. Conclusions and Discussion
4.1. Conclusions
4.2. Implications
4.3. Limitation and Future Research
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dimension | Indicator | Weight | Type |
---|---|---|---|
Life and consumption | Engel’s coefficient | 0.0146031 | O |
Domestic electricity use per capita | 0.0097941 | L | |
Daily domestic water use per capita | 0.0140664 | G | |
Area of parkland per capita | 0.0287866 | G | |
CO2 emissions per capita | 0.0172428 | L | |
Public transportation passengers per capita | 0.0419623 | L | |
Development power | GDP per capita | 0.0277562 | O |
Urbanization rate | 0.019945 | O | |
Disposable income per capita | 0.0336448 | O | |
Share of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption | 0.0895867 | L | |
Share of renewable energy in total electricity generation | 0.0637569 | L | |
Water consumption per 10,000 yuan GDP | 0.0148017 | G | |
Energy consumption per 10,000 yuan GDP | 0.0177554 | L | |
Energy consumption elasticity coefficient | 0.0502642 | L | |
Construction land area per capita | 0.0189288 | O | |
Value added of tertiary sector as a share of GDP | 0.0281711 | O | |
Patents per 10,000 people | 0.0993802 | O | |
R&D share of GDP | 0.0410256 | O | |
Ecology environment | PM2.5 concentration | 0.0218065 | G |
Proportion of good waters | 0.0267063 | G | |
Forest cover | 0.0212723 | G | |
Wetland protection rate | 0.020639 | G | |
Ecological quality index | 0.0212645 | G | |
Greening coverage of built-up area | 0.0179714 | G | |
Governance capabilities | Centralized sewage treatment rate | 0.0143161 | G |
Recycled water utilization rate | 0.0405179 | G | |
Non-hazardous treatment rate of domestic waste | 0.0148262 | G | |
The comprehensive utilization rate of general industrial solid waste | 0.0357899 | O | |
Energy saving and environmental protection guarantee capacity | 0.0245373 | O | |
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP | 0.0127008 | L | |
NOx emissions per unit of GDP | 0.0132064 | G | |
SO2 emissions per unit of GDP | 0.0159366 | G | |
Number of buses for 10,000 people | 0.0211027 | L | |
Length of public transportation routes for 10,000 people | 0.0459342 | L |
Situations | Selection Method |
---|---|
| Referencing absolute values |
| Select recognized ideal values |
| Using the average of the top 5% data for this indicator |
GLD Value Interval | Stage Type |
---|---|
0 ≤ GLD < 20 | Poor |
20 ≤ GLD < 40 | Fair |
40 ≤ GLD < 60 | Accepted |
60 ≤ GLD < 80 | Good |
80 ≤ GLD ≤ 100 | Excellent |
D Value | Coupling Coordination Type |
---|---|
0 ≤ D < 0.3 | Incongruous |
0.3 ≤ D < 0.5 | Run-in |
0.5 ≤ D < 0.7 | Low level |
0.7 ≤ D < 0.9 | High level |
0.9 ≤ D ≤ 1.0 | Optimal |
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Lu, Z.; Shao, C.; Wang, F.; Dong, R. Evaluation of Green and Low-Carbon Development Level of Chinese Provinces Based on Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability 2023, 15, 15449. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115449
Lu Z, Shao C, Wang F, Dong R. Evaluation of Green and Low-Carbon Development Level of Chinese Provinces Based on Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability. 2023; 15(21):15449. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115449
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu, Zhirui, Chaofeng Shao, Fang Wang, and Ruiyu Dong. 2023. "Evaluation of Green and Low-Carbon Development Level of Chinese Provinces Based on Sustainable Development Goals" Sustainability 15, no. 21: 15449. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115449